Housing

UDPFI Standards for Urban Area

Submitted by

Nivetha jayaraman

Introduction

• Planning is a continuous process & planning system should be

such that it ensures continuity.

• Earlier town planning was a piecemeal process but after

Independence the city planning experienced tremendous growth &

challenges for resettlement due to political changes.

• Several resettlement, new Industrial base towns & urban centers

were under process of planning & masters & town planners

conclude that land use plans are needed to guide development of

urban centers to promote orderly development & healthy living

environment.

• For this purpose the ministry of Urban affairs & employment,

governing of India organized a national workshop on master plan

approach during February 24-25, 1995. The research study of this

workshop awarded as UDPFI – Urban development plans

formulation and implementation guidelines.

The Need of guidelines:

The study of UDPFI norms and standards is needed to evolve:

System that is dynamic, flexible and efficient.

Process that is less time consuming.

Innovative ideas of land assembly and fiscal resource mobilization

Simple & effective form of laws, rules and regulations.

Urban Development Planning system

It consist of a. Perspective plan:

20-25 years duration .

Includes Maps & Diagrams .

State government’s goal, policies, strategies of urban local

authority regarding spatio-economic development.

b. Development plan :

Conceived within Frame work of approved Perspective

plan.

Medium Duration for 5 years.

Proposals for socio-economic & spatial development of

urban centers Including land use.

c. Annual plan:

Conceived within the frame work of Development plan.

Details of new & ongoing projects for local authority

to implement in financial year

Necessary fiscal resources mobilization.

d. Plan of Projects/schemes:

• Conceived within the frame work of approved

development Plan.

• Includes detailed working layouts with cost of

development, source of Finance & recovery instruments

for Execution by a public or private agency.

Norms and standards

Distribution of

land use

Traffic and

Transportation Infrastructure

Commercial

facilities

Recreational

facilities

• Developed area

average densities

• Work force

• Proposed land use

structure of urban

centers in plain area

Urban center classification

Settlement type Population

Plain areas Hill areas

Small town Less than 50,000 Less than 20,000

Medium town 50,000- 5lakh 20,000 less than 80,000

Large cities More than 5 lakh 80,000 and more

Population based

Distribution of Land Use

Settlement type Persons per Hectare(pph) in

Plain areas Hill areas

Small town 75-125 45-75

Medium town 100-150 60-90

Large cities 100-150 60-90

Metro cities 125-175 -

Developed area average densities:-

• The Densities of medium town & large cities are considered

similar for sustainability.

• The density of 125 pph is max. factor for small town &

average for medium town & large cities & minimum for Metro

cities for their identification & survival.

.

Inference

Work force participation 33% of total population

Industrial workers (%) of total work force

Small and medium town 20 %

Large cities 25 %

Worker’s Density 100 to 125 pph

Work Force:-

• Due to more population in Large cities the Industrial worker

Population is 25%

• In current scenario The industrial worker population Is more

than 30% due to set back in agricultural production.

Inference

Proposed Land use structure of Urban Centers

Land use category Percentage of developed area

Small Medium Large cities Metro cities

Residential 45-50 40-45 35-40 35-40

commercial 2-3 3-4 4-5 4-5

Industrial 8-10 8-10 10-12 12-14

Pub& Semi-Public 6-8 10-12 12-14 14-16

Recreational 12-14 18-20 18-20 20-25

Transport &

Communication

10-12 12-14 12-14 15-18

Agriculture & Water bodies balance balance balance balance

• Land use structure of urban center depends upon its function and size. Due

to higher density in metros the land use for residential purpose is less

compared to smaller areas with less density.

• Land use distribution for industrial, commercial and recreational purpose

increases as we move from small town to metro cities.

Inference

Physical infrastructure

•Water Supply

•Water Requirements

for institutional

buildings

•Sewage

•Drainage

•Electricity

•Solid waste Disposal

• Educational facilities

• Health care facilities

• Socio- Cultural facilities

• Distribution services

• Police

• Fire

Social infrastructure

Traffic and

Transportation

Commercial

facilities

Recreational

facilities

Infrastructure

Distribution of

land use

Norms and standards

Infrastructure

• Basic requirement of urban life.

• Innovative efforts to ensure wide coverage & equitable distribution.

Physical Infrastructure:-

Water Supply:

Size of town

Aspect Small Medium Large and Metro

Domestic

1. Absolute Min.

2. desirable

70 lpcd

100 lpcd

70-100 lpcd

135-150 lpcd

135 lpcd

135-150 lpcd

Non- Domestic

Fire fighting

Public purpose

1% of total demand

10-15 lpcd

20-25 lpcd

30-35 lpcd

Inference

• The 135 lpcd of water consumption Includes the need for fire fighting.

Water requirements for institutional buildings

Institutions Litres per head per day

Hospital

a. No. of beds exceeding 100

b. No. of beds not exceeding 100

450 per bed

340 per bed

Hotels 180 per bed

Hostels 135

Boarding schools/ colleges 135

Restaurants 70 per seat

Airports & Sea ports 70

Junctions stations & intermediate stations 70

Terminal Stations & Intermediate stations 45

Day schools/ colleges 45

Offices & factories 45

Cinema, concert halls and theatres 15

Water is an important Resource Hence Rain water harvesting should be

encouraged in Institutional buildings as well as residential zones especially in

medium towns & cities.

Inference

Sewerage & Drainage • The drainage system for any city/town is governed mainly by natural

course and topography. The discharge is calculated that guides the

requirements for provision of additional drain as well as up gradation of

existing drains.

• The treatment of sewerage is essential to provide hygienic conditions.

• The sewerage is estimated at the rate of 80% of the water supply demand.

• The large & metro cities shall be provided with regular sewerage treatment

facilities at zonal/city level.

• The newly developed areas shall have community level septic tanks based

on economic & environmental considerations.

• The squatter settlements may be provided with a facility of 1 toilet for 4

to 5 families based on the concept of low cost and low water consumption.

Inference

In case of developing cities the Treatment plant shall be planned with possible

future expansion including biogas plant ,energy conservation &environment

considerations .

Solid waste Disposal

• The garbage is removed and dumped at the sanitary landfill or in some

cases it is converted to compost especially in small towns.

• The generation of waste varies from a quarter of Kg in small towns to

about half a kg per capita in large and metro cities.

Inference

• Garbage separation of Dry , wet garbage & recyclable material to

achieve efficient method of disposal shall be encouraged by educating

people.

Electricity

• Power supply consumption works out to be about 2 KW per household at

the city level including domestic, commercial, industrial and other

requirements.

• 1 electric substation of 11 KV for a population of 15,000 is recommended

for towns/ cities.

Inference

• Solar power System Shall be emphasized in residential as well as

Institutional Areas.

• Bio-gas Plants Shall be Initiated in small & medium Towns.

Social Infrastructure

Educational facilities:-

Pre-primary to Secondary Education • Pre primary, nursery school 1 for 2500 population

• Senior secondary school 1 for 7500 population

Technical Education centre • 1 such centre provided for every 10 lakh pop. Include 1 industrial

training institute and 1 polytechnic institute.

College • 1 for 1.25 lacs population

• No of student 1000 to 1500

• Area 1.80 Ha.

University Campus with Area of 10 ha.shall be provided.

Inference – These are found to be sufficient but location of these facilities are more

important for development.

• These facilities shall be provided with 25% additional population.

• Incase of metro cities, these facilities serves the regional demand

• Incase of small & medium towns ,the villages & surrounding areas depends

on them

Health care Facilities :

a) General hospital

Hospital for 2.5 lakh population capacity

Initially the provision may be for 300 beds

Area for hospital

Area for residential accommodation

Total area

500 beds

4 ha

2 ha

6 ha

b) Intermediate hospital

1 hospital for 1 lakh population capacity

Area for hospital

Area for residential accommodation

Total area

2.70 ha

1 ha

3.70 ha

c) Nursing home, child welfare and maternity center

1 for 0.45 to 1 lakh population

Capacity

Area

25 to 30 beds

0.20 to 0.30 ha

d) Dispensary

1 for 0.15 lakh population

Area

0.08 to 0.12 ha

Inference

• The ratio of Dispensary is very less as due to polluted environment &

life style of urban areas & accidents occurring everyday these needs to be

improved/modified for metro cities.

a) Community room

1 for 5,000 population area

660 Sq..m

b) Community hall and library

1 for 15,000 population area

2000 sq.m

c) Recreational club

1 for 1 lakh population area

10,000 sq.m

d) Music, dance and drama centre

1 for 1 lakh population - area

1,000 sq.m

e) Meditation and spiritual centre

1 for 1 lakh population area

5000 sq.m

f) Socio-cultural centre

1 for 10 lakh population area

15 ha

Socio-Cultural facilities

Inference

• These need to be improved in Metro cities as Music, dance & drama

Centers are Not only Cultural Oriented but it’s a part Of Industry.

• These facilities can be clubbed with Commercial Activity.

Distribution services a) Petrol pump

• One petrol pump for 150 ha of gross residential areas in residential zone

• One petrol pump for 40 ha of gross industrial area

• Two petrol pumps in each district centre

• One petrol pump in each community centre

Inference

• These are sufficient & adequate.

b) Milk distribution

• One milk booth for 5,000 population.

Inference

• These are sufficient & adequate.

c) LPG Godown

• One gas Godown for 40-50 thousand population is sufficient for any size of town.

• The major concern for its storage and distribution is the location which shall be away

from the residential areas.

Police

Police station

1 for 90,000 population

Area inclusive of essential residential accommodation

1.5 ha

Police post

1 for 0.4 to 0.5 lakh population

Area inclusive of essential residential accommodation

0.16 ha

District office and battalion

1for 10 lakh population

Area for district office area for battalion

Total area

0.80 ha

4 ha

4.80 ha

Police line 1 for 20 lakh population 4 to 6 ha

District jail 1 for 10 lakh population - area 10 ha

• 1 fire station or sub fire station within 1 to 3 km to be provided

for 2 lakh population

• Area for fire station with essential residential accommodation

• Area for sub- fire-station with essential residential

accommodation

1 ha

0.60 ha

Fire

Inference

• The disaster Management centers & rehabilitation shelters shall be

encouraged in Social Infrastructure.

Area of commercial

centers

Distribution of

shops

Traffic and

Transportation Commercial

facilities

Recreational

facilities

Infrastructure

Distribution of

land use

Norms and standards

Hierarchy of commercial

centers

Commercial Activity

Hierarchy of commercial centers is a function of the hierarchy of planning

units in an urban center

Planning unit Population Served Hierarchy of commercial centre

Housing cluster 1000-4000 Cluster centre

Sector 5000-20000 Sector centre

Community 25000-100000 Community centre

district 125000-500000 District centre

Sub-city 25 lakh- 50 lakh Sub- city centre

city 50 lakh + City centre

Type of shops district community sector cluster

Formal shops(total) 1250 365 55 24

General retail 1200 295 35 16

Fruit & vegetables Not specified 40 6 3

Service & Repairs 50 30 13 5

Informal shops 370 110 22 13

General retail 355 88 14 8

Distribution of shops

Area Per 1000

Persons

Sq.Mt.

No. of Shops

Cluster Centre 220 1 for 110

Persons

Sector Centre 300 1 for 200

Persons

Community Centre 500 1 for 200

Persons

District Centre 880 1 for 300

Persons

Area of Commercial Centers

Recreational Facilities

Planning unit

Housing cluster 3-4 local parks and playgrounds

sector 3-4 local park and playgrounds

community 2-3 community level park and open space

district 1 district level park and sports centre, maidan

Sub city centre 1 city level park, sports complex, botanical /zoological garden

, maidan

Overall town/ city level 10 sq.m- 12 sq.m per person

Type Area in sq.mt.

Small Town 1 - 1.2 ha. / 1000 persons

Medium Town 1.4 - 1.6 ha. / 1000 persons

Large cities 1.2- 1.4 ha. /1000 persons

Miscellaneous Facilities

• Cremation/ burial ground: Provision of at least 2 sites for 5 lakh

population and to provide one electric crematorium for large size towns.

• Dhobi ghat: one site for 1 lakh population with appropriate arrangements

for water and drainage facilities.

• Taxi stands/ Bus stops/ Rickshaw stands:-

- These should not be located near the road intersections

-The maximum distance of such facilities should not exceed

0.5 km from the farthest point in any residential area.

Traffic and

Transportation

Commercial

facilities

Recreational

facilities

Infrastructure

Distribution of

land use

Classification of

Urban roads

Design

standards of

Urban roads

roads

Norms and standards

Low Fsi

• In India the Fsi ranges between 1.2 to 2% in large cities & 5 to

6 % in mega cities in special cases.

• The low value of fsi tends to more consumption of land &

hence Shortage of land is faced for future development. These

affects the lower & middle income group households due to

Increased price of land.

• In Asian countries the fsi Practiced is between 5 to 15.Hence

for affordability point of view, the fsi shall be increased to cater

the demand of land for future needs.

Educational Facilities

• For safety Purpose the additional Space allocation for Peak Hour

traffic in front of any school, colleges & other Institutions shall

be provided.

• Primary & secondary schools to be used in Double shifts with

Bigger intake for efficient use of land.

• Educational & institutional Zones must be crated in Master plan.

Land Regulations

• Land regulations shall be revised to reduce the difference between what

is allowed & what is Financially feasible.

• These can be achieved by More compact cities, more efficient Land Use

& Primary Infra structure.

• Increase in consumption of fsi.

• Decrease in Trip length due to compact cities.

• Urban population density will likely to stay Constant due to efficient

land use.

REFERENCES

• Arthur B. Gallion, Simon Eisner, (1986), “The Urban Pattern – city

planning and design”, CBS publishers, New Delhi, India.

• Ar. Uttam K. Roy (2007), “Changing scenario & emerging planning norms for education infrastructures in planned township”, unpublished report, Institute of town planner, pp: 1-6

• Chetan Vaidya, et al (2004), “Model Municipal law of India”, ITPI journal, pp:50-51

• D.S.Mesham (2004), “Master plan of auroville universal township”, ITPI journal, pp: 1-13

• ITPI, 1996. Urban Development Plan Formulation and Implementation (UDPFI) Guidelines, Institute of Town Planners India, Ministry of Urban Affairs and Poverty Alleviation, Government of India, New Delhi.

• Sundar Burra & Sheela Patel (2001), “Norms & Standards In Urban Development: The Experience of an Urban Alliance In India”

• Roy Uttam Kumar (April 2004), “Development control Regulation”, journal of Indian institute of architects (JIIA)

Thank you