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House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha(/sakskobrndo/; German: Haus
Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha) is a German dynasty, the line of theSaxon
House of Wettin that ruled the Ernestine duchiesincluding the duchy
of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.Founded by Ernest Anton, the sixth duke of
Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, it is the royal house of several Eu-ropean
monarchies, and branches currently reign inBelgium through the
descendants of Leopold I, and inthe Commonwealth realms through the
descendants ofPrince Albert. Due to anti-German sentiment in
theUnited Kingdom during World War I, George V of theUnited Kingdom
changed the name of his branch fromSaxe-Coburg and Gotha to Windsor
in 1917. The samehappened in Belgium where it was changed to "van
Bel-gi" (Dutch) or "de Belgique" (French).
1 HistoryThe rst duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was ErnestI, who
reigned from 1826 until his death in 1844. Hehad previously been
Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (asErnest III) from 1806 until the
duchy was reorganizedin 1826. Ernsts younger brother Leopold became
Kingof the Belgians in 1831, and his descendants continue toserve
as Belgian head of state. Lopolds only daugh-ter, Princess
Charlotte of Belgium, was the consort ofMaximilian I of Mexico,
known as the Empress Carlotaof Mexico, in the 1860s. Ernsts nephew
Ferdinand mar-ried QueenMaria II of Portugal, and his descendants
con-tinued to rule Portugal until that country became a repub-lic
in 1910.Ernst Is second son, Prince Albert (18191861), marriedQueen
Victoria in 1840, and thus is the progenitor of theUnited Kingdoms
current royal family, called Windsorsince 1917. In 1826, a cadet
branch of the house inher-ited the Hungarian princely estate of
Kohry, and con-verted to Roman Catholicism. Its members managed
tomarry an imperial princess of Brazil, an archduchess ofAustria, a
royal princess of the French, a royal princessof Belgium and a
royal princess of Saxony. A scion ofthis branch, also named
Ferdinand, became Prince, andthen Tsar, of Bulgaria, and his
descendants continued torule there until 1946. The current head of
the House ofBulgaria, the former Tsar Simeon II who was deposedand
exiled duringWorldWar II, goes by the name SimeonSakskoburggotski
and served as Bulgarias prime ministerfrom 2001 to 2005.
The ducal house consisted of all male-line descendentsof John
Ernest IV, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld legiti-mately born of an
equal marriage, males and females (thelatter until their marriage),
their wives in equal and autho-rised marriages, and their widows
until remarriage. Ac-cording to the House law of the Duchy of
Saxe-Coburgand Gotha the full title of the Duke was:
Wir, Ernst, Herzog zu Sachsen-Coburg und Go-tha, Jlich, Cleve
und Berg, auch Engern undWestphalen, Landgraf in Thringen,
Markgrafzu Meien, gefrsteter Graf zu Henneberg, Grafzu der Mark und
Ravensberg, Herr zu Raven-stein und Tonna usw.
We, Ernst, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha,Jlich, Cleves and Berg,
also Angria andWestphalia, Landgrave in Thuringia, Margraveof
Meissen, Princely Count of Henneberg,Count of the Mark and
Ravensberg, Lord ofRavenstein and Tonna, et cetera.
There were two ocial residences, in Gotha and Coburg.Therefore,
the whole ducal court, including the CourtTheater, had to move
twice a year: from Gotha toCoburg for the summer and from Coburg to
Gotha forthe winter.[1] For the Court Theater, two almost
identicalbuildings had to built in 1840 in Gotha (destroyed in
theSecond World War) and Coburg (now the Coburg StateTheater) and
thereafter maintained at the same time. Inaddition to the
residential castles, Friedenstein in Gothaand Ehrenburg in Coburg,
the Ducal family also used theSchloss Reinhardsbrunn in Gotha as
well as the Rosenauand Callenberg Castles in Coburg and the hunting
lodgeGreinburg Castle, Grein, Austria.
2 Branches
2.1 Ducal branch2.1.1 Dukes, 18261918
Ernest I 18261844 Ernest II 18441893 Alfred 18931900 Charles
Edward 19001918
1
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2 2 BRANCHES
Coat of arms of Saxony
2.1.2 Heads of the house since 1918
Charles Edward 19181954 Friedrich Josias 19541998 Andreas
1998present
Although the ducal branch is eponymous with the dy-nasty, its
head is not the genealogically or agnatically se-nior member of the
family. In 1893, the reigning dukedied childless, whereupon the
throne would have de-volved, by male primogeniture, upon the
British branchdescended from Prince Albert. However, as heirs to
theBritish throne, Alberts descendants consented and thelaw of the
duchy ratied that the ducal throne wouldnot be inherited by the
British monarch or heir apparent.Therefore, the German duchy became
a secundogeniture,hereditary among the younger princes of the
British royalfamily who belonged to the House of Wettin, and
theirmale-line descendants.Instead of the future Edward VII of the
United King-dom inheriting the duchy, it was diverted to his
nextbrother, Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and, uponthe latters
death without surviving sons, to the youngestgrandson of Prince
Albert and Queen Victoria, PrinceCharles Edward, Duke of Albany
(bypassing his unclePrince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and his male
line who,although senior by birth, preferred to remain on
Britishsoil).The current head of the ducal branch is Andreas,
Princeof Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
Coat of arms of the duchy of Saxe-Coburg andGotha
Heraldic shield of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Personal arms of the
family since the reign of
Charles Edward [1]
Andreas, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b.1943), head of the
ducal branch
Veste Coburg, ancestral seat of the House of Saxe-Coburg
Ehrenburg Palace, Coburg (summer residence) Friedenstein Castle,
Gotha (winter residence) Reinhardsbrunn Castle, Gotha Rosenau
Castle, Coburg Callenberg Castle, Coburg Greinburg Castle, Grein,
Austria
1. ^ Ocial family website
Coat of Arms of the Kings of the Belgians of the House of
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
2.2 Kings of the Belgians Leopold I (18311865) Leopold II
(18651909) Albert I (19091934) Leopold III (19341951) Baudouin
(19511993) Albert II (19932013) Philippe (2013present)
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2.4 Kingdom of Bulgaria 3
2.2.1 Belgian royal house
Because of the First World War, the family name waschanged in
1921 to van Belgi, de Belgique or von Bel-gien (of Belgium) in the
countrys three ocial lan-guages (Dutch, French and German) this
family nameis used on the identity cards and in all ocial
documents.The armorial bearings of Saxony were removed from
theBelgian royal coat of arms (see here). Other Coburgersfrom the
many-branched Saxe-Coburg family have alsochanged their name. For
example, Britains King GeorgeV adopted the family name of Windsor,
after the RoyalFamilys place of residence.[2]
King Philippe of Belgium and Queen Mathilde ofBelgium
Royal Palace of Brussels Royal Palace of Laeken
Coat of Arms of Ferdinand II of Portugal of the House of
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
2.3 Kingdom of PortugalSee also: House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg
and Gotha
In Portugal the former royal house is usually not distin-guished
from the House of Braganza.
Pedro V (18531861) Lus I (18611889) Carlos I (18891908)
Manuel II (r. 19081910, d.1932)
Manuel II died childless in 1932. He recognised as hissuccessor
his distant cousin Duarte Nuno, Duke of Bra-ganza, who is not a
descendant of Ferdinand II, or thehouse of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
Duarte Nuno and hissuccessors are members of the House of
Braganza.
King Manuel II (r. 19081910, d.1932)
Coat of Arms of the Kings of Bulgaria of the House of
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
2.4 Kingdom of Bulgaria Ferdinand I (18871918) Boris III
(19181943) Simeon II (19431946) In 2001, elected[3] Prime
Minister of Bulgaria as Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gothaalso known as
Simeon Sakskoburggotski().[4][5][6]
King Simeon II of Bulgaria (r. 19431946)
2.5 United Kingdom Edward VII (19011910) George V (19101936,
until 1917 when the name
was changed and the royal house and family becameknown as
Windsor).
Edward VIII (1936)
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4 5 EXTERNAL LINKS
Coat of Arms of Edward of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Prince ofWales, the
rst Coburgian to become King of the United King-dom and Ireland as
Edward VII in 1901
George VI (19361952) Elizabeth II (1952)
Queen Elizabeth II
From King Edward VII, who reigned from 1901 to 1910,until 1917
when King George V replaced the German-sounding title with the name
of Windsor during the FirstWorld War, British monarchs belonged to
the House ofSaxe-Coburg & Gotha. The name
Saxe-Coburg-Gothasurvived the Belgian royal family until 1920 and
in theBulgarian royal family.[7]
3 GenealogyPatrilineality, descent as reckoned from father to
son,has historically been the principle determining member-ship in
reigning families, thus the dynasty to which themonarchs of the
House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha belongedgenealogically through the 20th
century is the House ofWettin, despite the ocial use of varying
names by dif-ferent branches of the patriline.
4 References[1] Janet Robinson and Joe Robinson, Handbook of
Imperial
Germany (Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse, 2009),page 87
[2] Balfoort, Brigitte et al. journalist (PDF). The
BelgianMonarchy. Olivier Alsteens, Director-General of the
FPSChancellery of the Prime Minister, Wetstraat 16, 1000Brussels.
Retrieved 18 July 2012.
Saxe-Coburg Dynasty Family Tree since the end of the 18th
Cen-tury, showing their inheritance of the thrones of Great
Britain,Belgium, Portugal, and Bulgaria.
[3] Bulgaria: Timeline, BBC News Online, 27 June 2007.
Re-trieved on 28 July 2007.
[4] Former king marks rst year as Bulgarian PrimeMinister,Radio
Free Europe, 26 July 2002. Retrieved on 28 July2007.
[5] Bulgarian (or Spanish) Prime Minister?, Bulgaria
Devel-opment Gateway, 24 July 2003. Retrieved on 28 July2007.
[6] Lord Alderdice speaking in the House of Lords on 19May2005,
Hansard. Retrieved on 28 July 2007.
[7] Saxe-Coburg-Gotha on the ocial website of the
Britishmonarchy
5 External links OcialWebsite of the Ducal House of
Saxe-Coburg
and Gotha Callenberg Castle website
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56 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses6.1
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House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Source:
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6.3 Content license Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike
3.0
HistoryBranchesDucal branchDukes, 18261918Heads of the house
since 1918
Kings of the BelgiansBelgian royal house
Kingdom of PortugalKingdom of BulgariaUnited Kingdom
GenealogyReferences External linksText and image sources,
contributors, and licensesTextImagesContent license