1 CHAPTER -1 INTRODUCTION TOURISM “Tourism” is the totality of the relationship and phenomenon arising from travel and stay strangers the stay does not imply the establishment of a residence and connected with remunerated activity. IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM In creating better appreciation of other people’s ways of the life and institution, tourism may create goodwill for a country. Each year many tourist travel to participate in particular events ranging from congress to corona tings; their visits also afford opportunities to improve co-operation as well as project the correct image of a country to the out side world. Politics, society, education, and culture thus often provide motivations for tourist to travel away from home, they influence tourism and tourism in turn has an influence on them. These factors also help explain participation in tourism generally as we have seen. An evaluation of the significance of tourism may be extending to such aspects as organized sport and religion. The main economic significance of tourism-that money earned in places of normal residence is spent in places visited-is common to all tourism, whether domestic or
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1
CHAPTER -1
INTRODUCTION
TOURISM
“Tourism” is the totality of the relationship and phenomenon arising from travel
and stay strangers the stay does not imply the establishment of a residence and connected
with remunerated activity.
IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM
In creating better appreciation of other people’s ways of the life and institution, tourism
may create goodwill for a country. Each year many tourist travel to participate in
particular events ranging from congress to corona tings; their visits also afford
opportunities to improve co-operation as well as project the correct image of a country to
the out side world.
Politics, society, education, and culture thus often provide motivations for tourist to travel
away from home, they influence tourism and tourism in turn has an influence on them.
These factors also help explain participation in tourism generally as we have seen. An
evaluation of the significance of tourism may be extending to such aspects as organized
sport and religion.
The main economic significance of tourism-that money earned in places of normal
residence is spent in places visited-is common to all tourism, whether domestic or
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international. Each year vast sums are transferred from the economy from whom it is
earned, to economies in receiving areas where they provide a source of income, a means
of livelihood, and amenities for the resident population.
The outstanding economic effect of tourism lies in the purchasing to spend at a much
bigger rate than when they are at home. The flow of money generated by tourist
expenditure finds its way into the overall economy of the tourist destination, as the
money is turned over and re-spent. But international tourist expenditure introduces an
additional aspect of economic significance, as countries, which have separate political
and economic entities, have to balance their transactions with the rest of the world.
International tourism, therefore, enters into the balance of payments accounts of
individual countries and ease of major significance in international trade. For countries,
which generate tourist traffic, it represents an import, in much the same way, as the
import of merchandise. Globally tourism countries are a major item in world trade, which
has shown a much faster rate of growth in recent years than trade in goods.
Tourism is evaluated mainly in terms of its economic significance, but reference is made
also to its role as source of other, less quantifiable, benefits and to some of the problems
which tourism presents to individual destinations.
When traveling away from home, tourists come in contact with places they visit and with
their inhabitance, and so social exchanges take place. Their presence and their social
background affects the social structure and mode of life at the destination. Tourists are in
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turn affected by the experiences and often carry back home with them new habits and
new outlook on life.
Tourism has an educational significance. In the wider sense it has the altogether
beneficial effect which contact between people of different races and nationalities can
bring about. In a narrow sense much tourist activity takes the form of study trips and
attendance at courses and conferences with specified educational aims in view.
Tourism is often accompanied by cultural exchange and by cultural enrichment of those
who travel as well as those at the receiving end. The cultural factors that may attract
tourists to a particular destination are architecture, historical monuments and birthplaces
of famous people. These are some of the places most visited by the tourists. Festivals and
exhibition rely heavily to visitor traffic as their audience.
Tourism can be classified into:
a. Tourists visit places for recreational purposes. Such tourists spots are usually
hill stations, beaches etc, such tourists like to get away from the daily grind of life
and freshen themselves.
b. CULTURAL TOURISM:
Such type of tourist satisfies the cultural curiosity of the tourist. Such tourist spots
include ancient monuments, places of historical and religious importance etc.
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c. ADVENTURE/SPORTS:
This type of tourism is very particular with the youth. This type provides people
to have adventure like diving, skiing, rafting etc.
d. HEALTH
Such type of tourism takes people to places of recovery like places with curative
possibilities. E.g.: Hill-Stations, hot springs, spas etc.
e. CONVENTION/EDUCATIONAL :
Tourism such as these are meant for organizing conventions for political, cultural
or academic reasons.
Tourism can also be classified on basis of region:
Domestic:
Domestic tourism is for tourists belonging to their own country and do not require
any papers or documentation for travel.
International:
Such type of tourism refers top traveling to other countries other than their own
and with different political and economic systems. This requires documents such as visa,
passports, etc , to cross the borders.
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MODERN TRENDS IN TOURISM
Spread over a land mass of 324 million sq.kms with a population of around
million, with at the rote of about 13 million every year, with 14 major and 20 not
languages and 845 dialects, each state habits, religious customs and festivals.
For a foregone visitors to indo, it some how gets on his blood. Love it or not. One
can never ignore India. One visit to India can never satisfy the thirst of screening visitor
and when back in his/her place , desire to get back there.
India is luxurious country. Some places are featureless as some spectacular, the
food can be terrible as it is magnificent and the country defies imagination and cold logic.
There is diversity and get unity.
This is India of the Indus valley civilization; there is also Bharat, the land of
Emperor Bharatha.
It mixture of natural beautiful and diversity of culture attracts a lot of tourism.
India is a country where tourists can enjoy the adventure of Himalayas and the beauty of
the sea. They can explore the desert and jungle of Assam. Behind this terrific beauty,
India has a never-ending culture, religion, temples, church and mosques. Tourism in India
is presently the 3rd largest after gum and jewellery and ready-made garments.
The fettle of India tourism is not very attractive when compared to the world
scenario. The annual foreign tourist arrival in India is 2 million where as the foreign
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exchange earnings touched Rs. 70 billion. Most of the India tourism thrives on domestic
tourism. Each year, 100 million domestic tourist criss-cross the borders of the states.
The government of India had put forward some strategy on order to improve this
sector. Now the Indian tourism exchange industry has become the 11th largest foreign
exchange earner of the world and during 1997-1998 the estimation made on the earnings
of foreign exchange was Rs. 11032/- Crore. Tourism budget has been increased from 100
Crore to 160 Crore recently and the government has also helped in their organization of
visit India year 1999-2000 which boost up the industry.
The government, in collaboration with Rajasthan tourism had put forward the
Palace of Wheels. It is a luxury train with 14 deluxe saloons.
The train covers 8 destinations in 7 days. In February 1995, the Gujarath tourism
launched a similar train called Royal Orient which is centrally air-conditioned.
Tourism industry in India shows a positive trend for the future and with the
developments as well as those, which will occur in future, will without any doubt shoot
up the industry.
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CHAPTER -2
PROJECT DESIGN
AIM: To reveal the market feasibility and financial viability of the proposed hotel
OBJECTIVES:
Some of the main objectives of the study of the project are:
• To determine the marketing feasibility & Financial Viability of a proposed hotel
in TRIVANDRUM
• To estimate the cost of project.
• To estimate the total expected revenue from the various departments of the
proposed hotel.
• To calculate the profitability ratios and pay back loan period of the proposed
hotel.
• Determine the profitability analysis.
• To find the break-even point and expected return on investment.
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METHODOLOGY:
The information for this project has been collected through the following
procedures:
Primary Data:
Some of the primary data, which are collected for the study of this project, were
collected from government officials of respected departments. The data, which was
collected during the survey through investigation woith hospitality officials.
Secondary Data:
Various data were used from journals, books and various supplementary copies of
news and other magazines and from the Internet has helped us in gathering information.
LIMITATIONS:
• Calculation made in the project is based on assumption, approximation and subject to
change.
• Getting exact financial figures was not possible.
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CHAPTER -3
INFORMATION ABOUT THE PLACE
KERALA
Slender green sliver of land clinging to the south western flank of the Indian
peninsula, Kerala is one of the southern states of the Republic of India.
Though it's roots date back to the early years of the Christian era, the modern
state of Kerala was created in 1956, when all the states of India were reorganized on a
linguistic basis. History was created in 1957, when Kerala became the first state in the
world to have democratically elected a Marxist government to power. Things have
changed, but politics still continues to dominate conversation, particularly in the
numerous wayside tea stalls, where the brew is as strong as the ideology.
The state has been in the forefront, in terms of education and health services. It
has the highest rate of literacy, lowest rate of infant mortality and the leading female to
male ratio, in the country.
GEOGRAPHY
Kerala is made up of fourteen districts. Each of them have a distinct character.
Thiruvananthapuram (also known as Trivandrum) is the capital of Kerala, famous for
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it's Kovalam beach (rated one of the top ten beaches of the world). Geography is
destiny in Kerala with the monsoon winds bringing the gift of life annually. It's
monsoons are likened to a battalion of wild elephants.
HISTORY OF KERALA
The history of Kerala belonging to the early Christian era is not much known except that
the dynasty called the cheats were the predominant rulers here. But from 6th century
onwards the picture gains clarity, revealing the fact that then the land was ruled by
dynasty known as the Perumals. The last of the line, Cheraman – perumal abdicated
kingship and divided the land between his chieftains.
The state of Kerala was formed long after Indian independence, in 1856, Travancore ,
Kochi , Malabar , were united to form the present state of Kerala. Thus the whole
Malayalam speaking population was brought within a single physical boundary.
LAND AND PEOPLE
A total number of 45 rivers make Kerala a fertile piece of land flowering down from the
ghats to the west. Kerala is also a paradise of backwaters. The numerous backwaters,
canals and ocean inlets play an important role in economic field of the state. Beside the
major rivers are Bharathapuzha, Parma and Periyar. Many of the rivers are harassed for
power generation and irrigation.Kerala’s contribution towards the national total of fish
production amounts to 35%. The kerala coast is renowned for prawns , sharks and
sardines.
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CLIMATE
Being situated very close to the sea, Kochi has a moderate climate. Heavy
showers are experienced during the months June, July and August due to the South-West
Monsoon. The North-East Monsoon brings light rainfall during the months September,
October, November and December. December to February is pretty cool. The annual
rainfall is about 310 cm . In summer the temperature rises to a maximum of 35 ºC while
in winter it is around 25 ºC
LITERATURE
Malayalam , the prime language of Kerala is treasures have of literature. With an
envious level of literacy in India (100%) urban area of Kerala have an intellectual
background. Large groups of the population possess the capacity to evaluate arts and
literature with an aesthetic and objective outlook. Needless to say that there are
organizations and forums to encourage and appraise artistic creation in the fields of
literature, art and cinema.
FESTIVALS AND FOLK ARTS
‘Onam’, the national festival of Kerala is now observed as a part of the tourist week
celebrations. All the district capitals and other tourist spots are decorated and provided
with entertainment. Onam is a harvest festival celebrated in chingam the first month of
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Malayalam era (august/september). An interesting pageant of this festivity is the snake
boat race held at Alappuzha , Kochi , Kumarakam , Aranmula , Chambakulam etc. Other
popular festivals are Vishu , Ramzan and Christmas. Besides, there are numerous
celebrations of local importance along the length and breadth of Kerala. Kathakali is a
dance drama in which the actors do not speak but express themselves through mudras (
gestures ) accompanied by padams ( recitals ) in the background.
Kalarippayattu is an ancient martial art of Kerala. It is a sophisticated way of using
weapons like sword, dagger , stick , spear and shield. Training in kalarippayattu is
imparted at CVN Kalari, east fort, Thiruvananthapuram and many other centers.
FOOD AND DRINKS
Kerala has a variety of delicious food specialties. Rice is the staple food. It is
accompanied with varies curries , curd , pappad , pickles and other side dishes. The non-
vegetarian dishes are made of mutton , beef and chicken. Fish is also a favorite dish. A
dessert called payasam usually follows the main course of food. Payasam is a preparation
of rice or vermicelli with milk, sugar and spices. The popular thirst aids are buttermilk
and bottled soda drinks. However, tender coconut water is the best bet for a refreshing
and nourishing
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COMMERCE
Agriculture contributes most to the state's income in the primary sector. Kerala's
major sources of exports are agro-based and traditional like coir and cashew as well as
marine products and manpower. In spices, pepper is the single most important product,
with Kerala being the largest producer and exporter of black pepper. Cardamom and