Hospital infections

Control Of Nosocomial Infections

Presented By:Deeksha VermaB.Pharm 2nd yearM.E.T Faculty Of PharmacyMoradabad

What Are Hospital infections?

Hospital infections are infections that are results of treatment in the hospitals/healthcare units.Infections are considered as hospital infections if they-•1st appear in 48 hours or more after hospital admission.•Within 30 days after discharge.

“Nosokomeio” meaning HOSPITAL.Where, NOSOCOMIAL comes from the greek word

‘NOSOS’ means Disease ‘KOMEO’ means To Take care Of

Sources of hospital infectionsPrerequisites for

infections

A susceptible

host

A microbe capable of

producing an infection

An envt. Favorable for the growth of

microbes

Sources of infections may be

Nosocomial infection

From another patient/staff/envt.

From the patient’s own flora

Exo-genous

Endo-genous

Important sources are:-•Contaminated air,water,food and medicines•Used equipments •Soiled linen•Hospital waste(Bio-medical waste)

Mode Of Transmission

Contact Transmission

Droplet Transmission

Airborne Transmission

Common vehicle Transmission

Vector Borne Transmission

DirectTransmission

Indirect Transmission

Prevention Of hospital Infections

Preventions1.Isolation2.Handwashing And

Gloving3.Surface Senitisation4.Aprons5.Mitigation

IsolationIsolation precautions are designed to prevent transmission of microorganisms by common routes in hospitals, Because agents and host factors are more difficult to control.

Handwashing And Gloving

Handwashing frequently is called theSingle most important measure toReduce the risk of transmitting skinMicroorganisms from one person to Another or from one site to another On the same patient.

In addition to handwashing, Gloves play an important role in reducing the risk of transmission of microorganism. They are worn to provide a protective barrier, also prevents from contamination of the hands when touching blood, body fluids, excretions, mucuos membranes etc.

Surface senitisation

Sanitising surfaces is an often overlooked yet critical component of breaking the cycle of infection in health care environments. Modern sanitizing methods such as NAV-CO2 have been effective against gastroenteritis, MRSA, and influenza.Use of hydrogen peroxide vapour has been clinically proven to reduce infection rates and risk of acquisition.

ApronsWearing an apron during patient care reduces the risk of infection. The apron should either be disposable or be used only when caring for a specific patient.

Mitigation