Hoover-Stimpson Hoover-Stimpson Doctrine Doctrine (1932) (1932) US would not recognize any territorial US would not recognize any territorial acquisitions that were achieved by acquisitions that were achieved by force. force. Japan was infuriated because the US Japan was infuriated because the US had had conquered new conquered new territories a few territories a few decades earlier. decades earlier. Japan bombed Japan bombed Shanghai in Shanghai in 1932 1932 massive massive casualties. casualties.
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Hoover-Stimpson Doctrine (1932) US would not recognize any territorial acquisitions that were achieved by force. Japan was infuriated because the.
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Hoover-Stimpson Hoover-Stimpson DoctrineDoctrine
(1932)(1932) US would not recognize any territorial US would not recognize any territorial
acquisitions that were achieved by force.acquisitions that were achieved by force.
Japan was infuriated because the US hadJapan was infuriated because the US hadconquered new conquered new territories a few territories a few decades earlier.decades earlier.
Japan bombed Japan bombed Shanghai in Shanghai in 1932 1932 massive massive casualties.casualties.
Important to have all Important to have all nations in the Western nations in the Western Hemisphere united in Hemisphere united in lieu of foreign lieu of foreign aggressions.aggressions.
FDR FDR The good The good neighbor respects neighbor respects himself and the rights himself and the rights of othersof others..
Policy of non-Policy of non-intervention and intervention and cooperation.cooperation.
Nye Committee HearingsNye Committee Hearings(1934-1936)(1934-1936)
The Nye Committee IThe Nye Committee Iinvestigated the charge investigated the charge that WW I was needless and that WW I was needless and the US entered so munitions the US entered so munitions owners could make big profits owners could make big profits [“merchants of death.”][“merchants of death.”]
The Committee did charge The Committee did charge that bankers wanted war to that bankers wanted war to protect their loans & arms manufacturers to make protect their loans & arms manufacturers to make money.money.
Claimed that Wilson had provoked Germany by Claimed that Wilson had provoked Germany by sailing in to warring nations’ waters.sailing in to warring nations’ waters.
Resulted in Congress passing several Neutrality Resulted in Congress passing several Neutrality Acts.Acts.
Senator Gerald P. Nye [R-ND]Senator Gerald P. Nye [R-ND]
When the President proclaimed the existence of When the President proclaimed the existence of a foreign war, certain restrictions would a foreign war, certain restrictions would automatically go into effect:automatically go into effect:
Prohibited sales of arms to belligerent nations.Prohibited sales of arms to belligerent nations.
Prohibited loans and credits to belligerent nations.Prohibited loans and credits to belligerent nations.
Forbade Americans to travel on vessels of nations Forbade Americans to travel on vessels of nations at war [in contrast to WW I].at war [in contrast to WW I].
Non-military goods must be purchased on a Non-military goods must be purchased on a
“ “cash-and-carry”cash-and-carry” basis basis pay when goods are pay when goods are picked up.picked up.
Banned involvement in the Spanish Civil War.Banned involvement in the Spanish Civil War.
This limited the options of the President in a This limited the options of the President in a crisis.crisis.
America in the 1930s declined to build up its America in the 1930s declined to build up its forces!forces!
FDR’s Quarantine Speech
Peaceful nations (90%) should quarantine aggressor nations (10%) to prevent spread of their control.
Not well received by some!!!
Selective Service Act - 1940
Men 21 – 35 yrs. olds must register for draft!
Congress approves $ for training
1940’s - INTERVENTION
Destroyers for Naval Bases Deal - 1940
USA would provide Britain with 50 “overage” destroyers in return for the right to build naval bases on British territories in Western Hemisphere.
Lend –Lease Act - 1941
President of USA can lend or lease equipment to any nation whose
defense is considered vital to the defense of the USA.
“Lend-Lease” Act (1941)Great Britain.........................$31 Great Britain.........................$31 billionbillionSoviet Union...........................$11 Soviet Union...........................$11 billionbillionFrance......................................$ 3 France......................................$ 3 billionbillionChina.......................................$1.5 China.......................................$1.5 billionbillionOther European.................$500 Other European.................$500 millionmillionSouth America...................$400 South America...................$400 millionmillionThe amount totaled: The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000$48,601,365,000
Atlantic Charter FDR and Churchill meet in Aug. 1941
aboard USS Augusta
-Pledged commongoals for a post war world:
-Collective security
-Disarmament
-Self-determination
-Economic cooperation
-Freedom of the seas
“Four Freedoms”
FDR’s 1941 State of the Union speech
Freedom of speech and expression
Freedom of worship
Freedom from want
Freedom from fear FDR SPEECH http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5iHKtrirjlY&feature=related