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• Four major abiotic components of climate are temperature, water, sunlight, and wind
• The long-term prevailing weather conditions in an area constitute its climate
• Macroclimate consists of patterns on the global, regional, and local level
• Microclimate consists of very fine patterns, such as those encountered by the community of organisms underneath a fallen log
Fig. 52-20
Tropical forestTemperate grasslandDesert
Temperatebroadleafforest
Northernconiferousforest
Arctic andalpinetundraA
nn
ual
mea
n t
emp
erat
ure
(ºC
)
Annual mean precipitation (cm)
30
15
0
0–15
100 200 300 400
Fig. 52-21g
Great Smoky MountainsNational Park in North Carolina
Coral Reefs
Acropora millipora
Orange Bushy Coral
Bicarbonate Buffer System
Coral Combat
Kane’ohe Bay
Eucheuma denticulatum
Urchin Side
Non-urchin Side
Florida Key Reef Monitoring
Coral Bleaching
Decline Timeline
1973-74: Black band disease makes its appearance in the Caribbean. 1978-79: Staghorn and elkhorn corals suffer die-off in Florida. 1980-81: Staghorn and elkhorn corals die in Jamaica. 1982-83: Staghorn and elkhorn corals die throughout the Caribbean
(major El-Niño).Sea urchin Diadema, a key reef herbivore, dies throughout the Caribbean, allowing algal infestation of dead corals.
1985-87: Black band disease rampant in Florida.Corals bleach throughout the Caribbean and seas grasses die in Florida (major El-Niño).
1990: Corals bleach in Florida. 1994: Corals bleach in Florida. 1998: Corals bleach throughout the Caribbean (major El-Niño).