HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 10 TEST REVIEW DNA, Protein Synthesis, Bacteria and Viruses
Jan 01, 2016
HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 10 TEST REVIEW
DNA, Protein Synthesis, Bacteria and Viruses
#1 Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles
• Which is lytic and which is lysogenic?
#1 Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles
• Which is lytic and which is lysogenic?
#1• Lytic Infection:
Virus injects its DNA into host to replicate the virus, kills the host
• EX: cold, influenza
• Lysogenic Infection:• Virus DNA becomes part of host DNA and
duplicates together forever. Goes into lytic bursting when conditions poor for host cell.
• EX: herpes(cold sores), HIV, chicken pox
#2 Which Scientist(s)
• HINT 1: worked with Neurospora crassa
• HINT 2: worked as a team
• HINT 3: one-gene-one-enzyme or one-gene-one-protein
• ANSWER: Beadle and Tatum (F)
#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure
• HINT 2: stole the Photo 51
• HINT 3: also got Nobel Prize
• ANSWER: Maurice (the beast) Wilkins (G)
#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked with animal sperm
• HINT 2: a hottie
• HINT 3: found A-T and C-G amounts even
• ANSWER: Chargaff (D)
#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: 1920’s
• HINT 2: worked with Pneumococcus bacteria R and S strains
• HINT 3: Found hereditary transformation
• ANSWER: Frederick Griffith (B)
#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure
• HINT 2: used x-ray crystallography Photo 51
• HINT 3: a woman
• ANSWER: Rosalind Franklin (A)
#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure• HINT 2: first put bases on outside instead of
inside• HINT 3: won Nobel prize for finding DNA
structure
• ANSWER: Watson and Crick (E)
#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: Found DNA to be the genetic material
• HINT 2: used bacteriophages• HINT 3:used “hot” sulfur and
phosphorus
• ANSWER: Hershey and Chase (C)
#2 Which scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: found DNA was genetic material
• HINT 2: separated bacteria into: carbos, DNA, protein, RNA by a centrifuge
• HINT 3: bald
• ANSWER: (H) Avery, MacLeod, McCarty
#3 Name ways RNA is different from DNA:
• 1. RNA = Ribose sugar instead of Deoxyribose in DNA
• 2. DNA A-T C-G RNA A-U C-G• 3. RNA= Single stranded instead of
Double in DNA• 4. RNA can go in and out of nucleus,
DNA must stay in nucleus• 5. DNA can repair itself, RNA cannot
#4
#4 What three parts of DNA make up one nucleotide?
• ANSWER:–sugar
–Phosphate
–Nitrogenous base
(remember the song)
EXTRA: What is the complementary side of this DNA strand? (DNA –
DNA)
• G - A - T - T - G - A - C - C - T - C - G – G• ANSWER:• C - T - A - A - C - T - G - G - A - G - C- C
What is the complementary mRNA strand? (DNA – mRNA)
• G - A - T - T - G - A - C - C - T - C - G – G• ANSWER:• C - U - A - A - C - U - G - G - A - G - C- C
#4 Identify the DNA parts:
A
B
C
D
#4 Identify the DNA parts
A PHOSPHATE
B Deoxyribose Sugar
C Nitrogenous Bases (A-T-C-G)
D Hydrogen Bond
Nucleotide = sugar, phosphate, base
#4 How can you recognize…
• Pyrimidines? And what bases?• One ring
• CUT
• Purines? And what bases?• Two rings
• AG
#5 Which process?
• Does DNA copy itself?
• ANSWER: Replication (A)
• Is the movement of tRNA from A to P site on the ribosome?
• ANSWER: Translocation (B)
#5 Which process?
• Codes DNA to mRNA?
• ANSWER? Transcription (C)
• Codes mRNA to tRNA and protein?
• ANSWER: Translation (D)
#5 What happens at the P A E sites of a ribosome during
translation?
• A = amino acid is dropped off
• P = polypeptide builds
• E = tRNA exits after dropping off amino acid
• Process is translocation (B)
#6 What does it mean for DNA
• To be semi-conservative?
• When it replicates one parental strand and one new strand goes to each daughter cell.
#6 What does it mean for DNA…
• To be anti-parallel?
• The two strands run side by side in opposite directions (one has 5’ at top and the other has 3’ at top)
#7 Which enzyme?
• Topoisomerase
• I. Unwinds DNA from its spiral
#7 Which enzyme?
• LIGASE
• A. Binds Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand
#7 Which enzyme?
• PRIMASE
• E. Adds RNA nucleotide primers
#7 Which enzyme?
• DNA Polymerase III
• C. Adds nucleotides to DNA for elongation and also for proofreading
#7 Which enzyme?
• HELICASE
• D. Separates the 2 DNA strands (breaks H bonds for replication)
#7 Which enzyme?
• RNA POLYMERASE
• B. Joins RNA nucleotides in making mRNA’s
#7 Which enzyme?
• DNA POLYMERASE I• H. Proofreads, removes RNA primers, and
replaces them with DNA nucleotides
DNA Polymerase III: leading strand
DNA Polymerase I: lagging strand
#8 A. Which is a physical or chemical agent that causes
mutations?• mutagen
• mutagenesis
• mutation
• reading frame
• ANSWER: mutagen
#8 B. What mutation…
• Is a substitution that causes no change in the protein product?
• . nonsense
• . silent
• . missense
• ANSWER: silent
#8C. Which is any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA?
• Mutagenesis
• Mutation
• mutagen
• reading frame
• ANSWER: mutagen
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis
Uncontrolled HPV infections result in the growth of scaly macules and papules
Tree Man Pictures
• Before and After Images : Tree Man : Discovery Health
#8 D. What mutation…
• Causes a substitution that does change the amino acid coding?
• Missense
• silent
• nonsense
• ANSWER: Missense
#8 E. What mutation
• Is a substitution that changes an amino acid into a STOP codon?
• A. silent
• B. missense
• C. nonsense
• ANSWER: nonsense
#8F Which is the triplet grouping (a mutation can alter it to shift)
• mutation
• mutagenesis
• mutagen
• reading frame
• ANSWER: reading shift
#9 What are some examples of mutagens?
X-rays
UV Rays
pesticides
cigarettes
#10
• How does the leading strand behave differently from the lagging strand?
• ANSWER: leading strand adds nucleotides 5’ to 3’ toward the replication fork continuously
• Lagging strand adds nucleotides 5’ to 3’ away from the replication fork discontinuously (in fragments)
#11 What is the central dogma?
• A. DNA – RNA – protein
• B. protein – RNA – DNA
• C. DNA – protein – RNA
• D. RNA – protein – DNA
• ANSWER: A
#11 Who first proposed the central dogma?
• A. Crick
• B. Watson
• C. Nirenberg
• D. Avery
• ANSWER: *Crick and Nirenberg
#12 What amino acid is mRNA codon:
UGU AAC UAC CGU GGG CAC UGG
12. What amino acid is mRNA codon:
Cyst–Aspar –Tyros–Arg–Glyc-Hist-Trypt
#13 What codon is the START CODON?
13. What amino acid is START codon:
AUG
#13 What are the three STOP CODONS?
• ANSWER? UAA, UAG, UGA
• (you could also figure this out by looking at the chart)
What amino acid is mRNA codon:UGG
tryptophan
# 13 How many?
• Different amino acids are there?
• ANSWER: 20
#14 How many subunits make up a ribosome?
• A. one
• B. two
• C. Three
• D. Four
• ANSWER: 2
14. ANSWER: Ribosome = two subunits
Made of rRNA (ribosomal) + protein
#15 What are the 3 bases?
• A. Codon
• B. Anticodon
• C. Triplet
• For mRNA
• For tRNA
• For DNA
What does a tRNA carry?
• A. codon
• B. triplet
• C. amino acid
• D. ribosome
• ANSWER: amino acid
#16 What is the purpose of these?
• Introns
• Exons
• Are cut and discarded from the primary mRNA
• Leave the nucleus to be coded with tRNA
16. What will the mature mRNA look like?
What will the mRNA look like?
1 2 3
HINT: introns discarded
exons kept and coded
= mature mRNA
#16 What’s the difference?
• Between Primary mRNA and mature mRNA?
• Primary mRNA = introns + exons
• Mature mRNA = only exons
#17 MATCH
• A. structural and functional core of a ribosome
• B. template to carry code to ribosome from DNA
• C. transporting amino acid
• B mRNA
• C. tRNA
• A. rRNA
#17 What are the 3 types of RNA?
• a) tRNA (transfer RNA-brings amino acids)
• b) mRNA (messenger RNA-codes from DNA), and
• c) rRNA (ribosomal RNA-structural part of ribosome)
#18
• PROCESS:• Transcription
• Translation
B
C
C
D
E
F
#18 What are the structures?
What bond joins the amino acids?PEPTIDE
#19 What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG
• MUTATION: AAACGTAGG
• ANSWER: insertion (A)
or addition
#19 What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG
• MUTATION: AACGAGG
• ANSWER: Deletion (T)
#19 What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG
• MUTATION: AACGGGAT
• ANSWER: Inversion (TAGG flipped)
#19 What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL 2 chromosomes• AACGTAGG• ATCGGGTCGGA
• MUTATION: AACGTATCGGG• TCGGAAGG
• ANSWER: Translocation (two nonhomologous chromosomes exchanged)
#19
• Which are frameshift mutations?
• ALL –moved the bases up or back
#20 Matching
• A. Transcription terminator
• B. transcription promotor
• C. RNA splicing• D. translation initiation• E. Translation
elongation• F.translation
termination
• RNA polymerase reaches bases that signals the end of the gene and releases to leave the nucleus
• ANSWER: A
#20 Matching
• A. Transcription terminator
• B. transcription promotor
• C. RNA splicing• D. translation initiation• E. Translation
elongation• F.translation
termination
• Ribosome recognizes a STOP codon and releases the polypeptide
• ANSWER: F
#20 Matching
• A. Transcription terminator
• B. transcription promotor
• C. RNA splicing• D. translation initiation• E. Translation
elongation• F.translation
termination
• Successive tRNA’s add their amino acids to the polypeptide chain at the ribosome
• ANSWER: E
#20 Matching
• A. Transcription terminator
• B. transcription promotor
• C. RNA splicing• D. translation initiation• E. Translation
elongation• F.translation
termination
• Cutting and pasting of the exons and introns to form a mature mRNA
• ANSWER: C
#20 Matching
• A. Transcription terminator
• B. transcription promotor
• C. RNA splicing• D. translation initiation• E. Translation
elongation• F.translation
termination
• The “start transcribing” signal in a nucleotide sequence + binding site for RNA polymerase
• ANSWER: B
#20 Matching
• A. Transcription terminator
• B. transcription promotor
• C. RNA splicing• D. translation initiation• E. Translation
elongation• F.translation
termination
• The mRNA and the first tRNA and the ribosomal unit come together
• ANSWER: D
#21 MATCH
• A. Viroids• B. Virions• C. Prions• D. emerging virus• E. capsid
• Misfolded proteins that destroy the brain (one cause is Mad Cow Disease)
• ANSWER: C
#21 MATCH
• A. Viroids• B. Virions• C. Prions• D. emerging virus• E. capsid
• Small circular RNA molecules that infect plants
• ANSWER: A
#21 MATCH
• A. Viroids• B. Virions• C. Prions• D. emerging virus• E. capsid
• Outer protein coat of a virus
• ANSWER: E
#21 MATCH
• A. Viroids• B. Virions• C. Prions• D. emerging virus• E. capsid
• Suddenly appears or is new virus
• ANSWER: E
#21 MATCH
• A. Viroids• B. Virions• C. Prions• D. emerging virus• E. capsid
• Pieces of the virus
• ANSWER: E
#22 What is a retrovirus?
• Transcribes from RNA to DNA
• Reverse transcriptase is the enzyme that synthesizes DNA from RNA
• The virus that causes AIDS is HIV
#23 What are the APE sites?
#23
• A- amino acid attaches to the ribosome
• P- polypeptide forms as the amino acids join
• E- polypeptide exits the ribosome
#24
• Uptake of foreign DNA from the surrounding environment
• Transformation
• Circular DNA in bacteria separate from its other DNA
• plasmid
#24• Physical union of two
bacterial cells in which DNA transfers
• Conjugation• Transfer of bacterial
genes by a phage • transduction
#24
• Carries genes for sex pili and its origin or replication
• F factor
• Caries genes that destroy antibiotics
• R plasmid
EXTENDED RESPONSEDNA: ATT CGG ACT TGA
• mRNAsequence?
• tRNAsequence?
• Amino acid sequence?
• (use mRNA codons on chart)
• UAA GCC UGA ACU
• AUU CGG ACU UGA
• Stop alan stop threo