BACK GROUND OF THE INSURANCE SECTOR Insurance is over one and one-half centuries old in India. The First general insurance company, Titan Insurance Company Ltd., was established in1850.Life insurance came to India from the U.K. in 1880, with the establishment of the Oriental Life Assurance Company in Calcutta. By 1938,the insurance market was buzzing with 176 companies--both life and non-life. In 1956, the Government of India recognized that malpractice had entered the management of the life insurance. Consequently, the life insurance industry was nationalized under the Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) of India. Although efforts were made to maintain an open market for the general insurance industry by amending the Insurance Act of 1938 from time to time, malpractice escalated beyond control. Thus, the general insurance industry was nationalized in 1972. RECENT INITIATIVES 1 | Page
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BACK GROUND OF THE INSURANCE SECTOR
Insurance is over one and one-half centuries old in India. The First general
insurance company, Titan Insurance Company Ltd., was established in1850.Life
insurance came to India from the U.K. in 1880, with the establishment of the
Oriental Life Assurance Company in Calcutta. By 1938,the insurance market was
buzzing with 176 companies--both life and non-life. In 1956, the Government of
India recognized that malpractice had entered the management of the life
insurance. Consequently, the life insurance industry was nationalized under the
Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) of India. Although efforts were made to maintain
an open market for the general insurance industry by amending the Insurance Act
of 1938 from time to time, malpractice escalated beyond control. Thus, the general
insurance industry was nationalized in 1972.
RECENT INITIATIVES
Privatization is expected to foster competition, innovations and greater awareness
on the need for buying insurance services and variety of products. The IRDA bill
Passed by the parliament was an important development in the field of Insurance
business. The IRDA Act marks an end to the monopoly of the government in the
insurance sectors by opening it up to private players. It gives priority in the
Utilization of the policyholders funds for development of society and Infrastructure
sector.
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INTRODUCTION OF HOME INSURANCE
Home insurance, also commonly called hazard insurance or homeowners insurance
(often abbreviated in the real estate industry as HOI), is the type of property
insurance that covers private homes. It is an insurance policy that combines
various personal insurance protections, which can include losses occurring to one’s
home, its contents, loss of its use (additional living expenses), or loss of
other personal possessions of the homeowner, as well as liability insurance for
accidents that may happen at the home. It requires that at least one of the named
insured occupies the home. The dwelling policy (DP) is similar, but used for
residences which don't qualify for various reasons, such as vacancy/non-
occupancy, seasonal/secondary residence, or age. It is a multiple line insurance,
meaning that it includes both property and liability coverage, with an indivisible
premium, meaning that a single premium is paid for all risks. Standard forms
divide coverage into several categories, and the coverage provided is typically a
percentage of Coverage A, which is. The insurance policy itself is a lengthy
contract, and names what will and what will not be paid in the case of various
events. Typically, claims due to floods , or war (whose definition typically
includes a nuclear explosion from any source) are excluded. Special insurance can
be purchased for these possibilities, including flood insurance. Insurance must be
up dated to the present and existing value at whatever inflation up or down, and an
appraisal paid by the insurance company will be added on to the policy premium .
Fire insurance will require a special premium charge, plus the addition of smoke
detectors and on site fire suppression systems to qualify .The home insurance
policy is usually a term contract²a contract that is in effect for a fixed period of
time. The payment the insured makes to the insurer is called the premium. The
insured must pay the insurer the premium each term. Most insurers charge a lower
premium if it appears less likely the home will be damaged or destroyed: for
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example, if the house is situated next to a fire station, if the house is equipped with
fire sprinklers and fire alarms. Perpetual insurance, which is a type
Of home insurance without a fixed term, can also be obtained in certain areas. In
the United States, most home buyers borrow money in the form of a mortgage
loan, and the mortgage lender always requires that the buyer purchase homeowners
insurance as a condition of the loan, in order to protect the bank if the home were
to be destroyed. Anyone with an insurable interest in the property should be listed
on the policy. In some cases the mortgagee will waive the need for the
mortgagor to carry homeowner's insurance if the value of the land exceeds the
amount of the mortgage balance. In a case like this even the total destruction of
any buildings would not affect the ability of the lender to be able to foreclose and
recover the full amount of the loan. The insurance crisis in Florida has meant that
some waterfront property owners in that state have had to make that decision due
to the high cost of premiums. See Citizens insurance.
HISTORY
The first homeowner’s policy parse in the United States was introduced in
September 1950, but similar policies had existed in Great Britain and certain areas
of the United States. In the late forties US Insurance law was reformed and during
this process multiple line statutes were written, allowing homeowners policies to
become legal. Prior to the 1950s, there were separate policies for the various perils
that could affect a home. A homeowner would have had to purchase separate
policies covering fire losses, theft, personal property, and the like. During the
1950s, policy forms were developed allowing the homeowner to purchase all the
insurance they needed on one complete policy. However, these policies varied by
insurance company, and were difficult to comprehend. The need for
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standardization grew so great that a private company based in Jersey City, New
Jersey, Insurance Services Office, also known as the ISO, was formed in 1971to
provide risk information and issued a simplified homeowners policy for resell to
insurance companies. These policies have been amended over the years.
IMPORTANCE OF HOME INSURANCE
Home Insurance has evolved as one of the most enterprising sector in the real-
estate scenario in India. As more and more investments are made in the real estate
sector, there has been a rising demand for home finance and home insurance
simultaneously. The importance of home insurance in the protection of your house
and valuable possessions is as importance as protecting your family from any
hazards that act as threat to life and property. The policy provided by the home
insurance companies act as a guarantee that combines insurance of the home, its
contents the personal possessions of the homeowner, risk attached to burglary; as
well as liability insurance for accidents that may happen at the house like fire and
natural calamities. The extent of the risk covered however depends on the type and
content of the policy. A generally configured home insurance policy usually covers
calamities in two categories -natural and man-made. Home insurance is important
as it not only provides you with financial protection against any damage your
property might incur - to both your buildings and the contents; but it can be
considered a small amount of money you pay in lieu of the peace of mind that
brings with it and the content that your property is insured and protected against all
hazards. Though the importance of having a home insurance policy cannot be over
emphasized, one cannot predict any disasters or unavoidable incident that might
happen to one's home. Home insurance not only protects the homeowner from total
loss when disaster occurs, but also protects the home owner in the event that their
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home is damaged by acts of God or if a person becomes injured, the home owner
will not be held solely liable for all of the damages. The home insurance policies
usually cover home under the all risks clause unless otherwise noted in an
exclusion clause. For instance, a home can be covered for fire damage, earthquake
damage, and acts of vandalism under an all risks policy, but if the policy states that
the home is not covered for deluge or say tsunami, than water damage due to the
mentioned natural calamity would not be covered. To summarize it, the home
insurance policy is important for the homeowner as it ultimately gives the home
owner a sense of security to protect his family and property against
calamities. Home insurance not only protects the homeowner from total loss when
disaster occurs, but also protects the home owner in the event that their home is
damaged by acts of God or if a person becomes injured, the home owner will not
be held solely liable for all of the damages. The home insurance policies usually
cover a home under the all risks clause unless otherwise noted in an exclusion
clause. For instance, a home can be covered for fire damage, earthquake damage,
and acts of vandalism under an all risks policy, but if the policy states that the
home is not covered for deluge or say tsunami, than water damage due to the
mentioned natural calamity would not be covered. To summarize it, the home
insurance policy is important for the homeowner as it ultimately gives the home
owner a sense of security to protect his family and property against calamities.
HOME INSURANCE IN INDIA
The Home insurance sector in India is at a nascent stage as compared to
other insurance sectors in the country. With the real estate boom at its prime in
India, home finance has become an indispensable part of real estate functioning.
Moreover, the housing finance companies (HFCs) are also playing an important
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role in the evolvement of the home insurance company in India. Due to the new
regulations by the finance companies making home insurance mandatory
for seeking home loans in India, the home insurance sector has recently seen
massive revival in business. Industry analyst say that, if the home loans and
insurance sector continue to facilitate each other’s growth, then the insurance
segment is soonest to achieve a 100% growth. The latest growth curve shows the
home insurance premium touching the Rs 150 core-mark, registering a growth of
25% in the last financial year; and if the situation prevails, the trend is predicted to
continue. As the growth curve of investments in Indian real estate sector escalates,
more and more insurance companies are making their foray into the home
insurance sector. This has also initiated a trend of insurance companies from across
the globe making their foray into Indian market either as individual entity or in
joint ventures with the local existing insurance companies. Home insurance and
real estate has of late become conspicuous of the buzz it has created in the realty
industry in India. Adding to the list of leading and existing public sector companies
in the home insurance business like New India Assurance, Life Insurance
Company of India, United India Insurance, Oriental Insurance and National
Insurance Company; is a list of private insurance companies which are set to play a
pivotal role in the growth of the sector. The most thriving amongst those are
mostly joint venture companies like ICICILombard General Insurance, Bajaj
Allianz General Insurance, Tata AIG General Insurance Company Ltd, IFFCO-
TOKIO and Royal Sundaram Alliance to name few. Considering the feasibility of
a largely huge and growing market, the home insurance sectors has lately expanded
its business beyond the metros to the Tier I and II cities where real estate
development is expected to flare up in the years to come. The booming real estate
sector in India is considered to be one of the most encouraging factors in the
resurgence of the home insurance sector. However, apart from the real estate
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factor, the recent spate of calamities that has hit the country like the earthquakes,
tsunami, the consistent flood every year in most parts of the country and the
exceptional cases of 'deluge' in Mumbai in 2005 has made people opt for home
insurance like never before.
TYPES OF HOME INSURANCE
Home insurance in India has a key role to play in the protection of your house
or building structure and valuable possessions or building content. Home insurance
policy is a guarantee provided by the insurance company that combines insurance
on the home, its contents the personal possessions of the homeowner, as well as
insurance covering accidents that may happen at the house like fire and natural
calamities. The coverage of the risk however depends on the type of policy. There
are mainly two types of home insurance in India.
1. Building insurance
2. Content insurance
Buildings Insurance:
Buildings insurance is an important part of property investments. The mandatory
obligation made by the housing finance companies has strengthened the need
for insurance in conjunction with property investments. Insuring the building
or building structure is important since it protects you against inevitable losses in
case your building is destructed and debilitated in any natural or man-made
calamities. The housing finance companies are insisting on building insurance so
that in the event of a disaster it can be repaired or rebuilt, as lenders don't want to
be left without security for their loan. A home insurance policy should cover
expenditures rebuild your home in the event of it being totally destroyed or
damaged to the point that complete rebuilding is necessary (in eventualities like
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earthquake, fired).Different home insurance companies have different
specifications for policy coverage. It is recommended that you check the terms and
conditions of the policy. Home insurance companies in India mostly have home
insurance plans that insure the building structure of your home for its
reconstruction value. This is the cost incurred to reconstruct the home if it is
damaged and not for its market value such as the cost of land etc. Sum insured is
calculated by multiplying the built up area of your home with the construction rate
per sq. feet Home insurance plan for buildings are usually meted out on conditions
as per the policy terms arising out of conditions like
Fire, Lightening, explosion of gas in domestic appliance
Bursting and overflowing of water tanks, apparatus or pipes.
Riot, Strike, Malicious or Terrorist Act
Flood, Inundation, Storm, Typhoon, Hurricane, Tornado or Cyclone
Damage due to earthquake, subsidence and Landslide (including
Rockslide).
Damage caused by Aircraft & Impact damage
Third party liability and personal accident.
Content Insurance:
Content insurance may be considered optional but with the threat of burglaries,
natural disasters and fire, content insurance covers are rising in demand. Contents
insurance for home insurance plans includes protection to movable goods,
possessions or contents in the house; anything that is not a fixed parts of
your home, for example your appliances, electronic goods, furniture and clothing.
Similarly as the modalities adopted in building insurance, different home insurance
companies in India have different policies for content insurance. Most companies
comply with insurance plans where a value equivalent to the market value
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of household contents i.e. the value for which this used item could be bought or
sold in the market is covered as insurance. The insured amount given against the
perils for building or structure and its contents is assessed either on 'reinstatement
value ‘basis -which is the value for replacing the item with a new item of same
type and make; or on 'market value' basis -which is the reinstatement value less
depreciation depending on the age of the item. Content insurance offers protection
against various perils including:
Fires
Storms/flooding
Explosions
Theft and vandalism
Valuables such as jewellery, cameras and watches against all risks,
Cover against all kinds of accidental breakage of plate glass fixed in doors and
window frames. Loss/damage to domestic appliances due to electrical and
mechanical breakdown .Home insurance can be availed for both building and
content combined. However, most home insurance plans in India excludes
underinsurance of the property value, willful destruction of property, loss, damage
or destruction caused by war perils, wear and tear and atmospheric conditions etc.,
damage due to an act of terrorism(unless specifically covered) and losses or
damages incurred when premises are unoccupied beyond 60 consecutive days.
HOME CLAIM PROCEDURE
1. Inform the call center with policy detail
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2. Provide relevant information, which includes your policy and other details
regarding your claim. Consequently, your claim request is authenticated and
is escalated to the company's claims department.
3. Company's claims department validates and registers the request. They
appoint a surveyor within 48 hours.
4. The insured submits all the relevant documents to the surveyor. The
surveyor submits the Final Survey Report (FSR) along with the documents
within 7 days.
5. If surveyor is not appointed, the company's claims department sends a
letter of requirement for submitting documents to the insured within 24
hours of claim intimation.
6. On receipt of documents, the claims department processes the claim within
7days. On approval of the claim, a letter is send to the insured giving the
approved amount of settlement along with the discharge voucher.
7. Payment cheque is released on receipt of the signed discharge voucher.
CLAIMS COVERED UNDER HOME INSURANCE
Insurance claim amount is always something creeping up on the mind of both
insurer and the insurance company. It is more evident in case when there is a
possibility of you filing a claim to recover the amount for that claim. If you
provide sufficient proof and necessary documents for your home insurance claim,
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there is a fair chance you can get the amount by the Home Insurance company
or provider. Also, submitting a claim on your home policy is a relatively quite
simple process. The steps involve contacting your agent, filling out a claim form
and waiting for an appointed arbiter to verify the facts and judge the authenticity of
the damage. If the damage is really worth notice, it's a matter of few days to get the
claimed amount through check. Most claims are handled quickly. Sometimes the
claim process can really be time taking and frustrating. Also keep in mind that
most insurance providers don't enjoy the idea of two or three claims in a short span
of time and you stand almost certain chance of getting cancellation of these claims.
Try to stay away from high risks, so you should be sure to make only those claims
that are absolutely necessary. Or, if you are sure about your rights to claim and
corresponding damage or loss, just go full throttle to register a claim. Only
remember that there can sometimes be unpleasant repercussions. Here are some
general tips for handling auto and home insurance claims:
Know your policy.
Stake your claim quickly.
Avoid using the word "lawyer."
Keep a copy of the police report.
Get an estimate or two.
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DOCUMENTS REQUIRED
Documents are the most valid and appropriate proof for your home
insurance claims. Always keep your documents in place and ready both
before you need to make a claim and when you need to make one. It is
always advisable to save the receipts for items you buy. This will give the
indication and estimation of the total cost of items and damage claim amount
accordingly. Photographs and/or videotapes of your home (both in pre- and
post-disaster form) can also be beneficial. These will help you establish an
inventory of your belongings should the need arise. Always save photos or
videos of the damage before you begin cleaning up.List of Documents
Required
1. Duly completed and signed claim form2.
2. Xerox copy of policy3.
3. Copy of FIR 4.
4. Final Report from police5.
5. Copy of all invoices, price lists, repair estimate
TYPES OF POLICIES AS PER ISO
Currently, the ISO has seven standardized homeowners insurance forms in general
use:
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HO1:
Basic Homeowner Policy A basic policy form that provides coverage on a home
against 11 listed perils; contents are generally included in this type of coverage, but
must be explicitly enumerated. The perils include fire or lightning, windstorm or
hail, vandalism or malicious mischief, theft, damage from vehicles and aircraft,
explosion riot or civil commotion, glass breakage, smoke, volcanic eruption, and
personal liability. Exceptions include floods, earthquakes.
HO2:
Broad Homeowner Policy A more advanced form that provides coverage on a
home against 17 listed perils (including all 11 on the HO1). The coverage is
usually a "named perils" policy, which lists the events that would be covered.
HO3:
All Risk Homeowner Policy The typical, most comprehensive form used for
single-family homes. The policy provides "all risk" coverage on the home with
some perils excluded, such as earthquake and flood. Contents are covered on a
named peril basis.
HO4:
Renter's Insurance The ³Tenants´ form is for renters. It covers personal property
against the same perils as the HO2.
HO6:
Condominium policy the form for condominium owners.
HO8:
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Older Houses The ³Modified Coverage´ form is for the owner-occupied older
home whose replacement cost far exceeds the property’s market value.
COVERAGE RATES
According a 1998 NAIC (National Association Of Investors Corporation)
report,83% of homes were covered by owner-occupied homeowners policies. Of
these, 87% had the HO3 Special and 9% had the more expensive HO5
Comprehensive. Both of these policies are "all risks" or "open perils", meaning that
they cover all perils except those specifically excluded. 3% were the HO2 Broad,
which covers only specific named perils. Others include the HO1 Basic and the
HO8 Modified, which is the most limited in its coverage. HO8, also known as
older home insurance, is likely to pay only actual cash value for damages rather
than replacement. The remaining 13% of home insurance policies were covered by
renters or condominium insurance. Two-thirds of these had the HO-4 Contents
Broad form, also known as renters insurance, which covers the contents of an
apartment not specifically covered in the blanket policy written for the complex.
This policy can also cover liabilities arising from accidents and intentional injuries
for guest’s as well as passers-by up to 150' of the domicile. Common coverage
areas are events such as lightning, riot, aircraft, explosion, vandalism, smoke, theft,
windstorm or hail, falling objects, volcanic eruption, snow, sleet, and weight of
ice.The remainder had the HO-6 Unit-Owners policy, also known as a
condominium insurance, which is designed for the owners of condos and includes
coverage for the part of the building owned by the insured and for the property
housed therein. Designed to span the gap between the coverage provided by the
blanket policy written for the entire neighborhood or building and the personal
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property inside the home. The liability coverage may cover incidents up to 150 feet
from the insured property, all valuables within the home from theft, fire or water
damage or other forms of loss. The Associations Bylaws determine the total
amount of insurance necessary. In addition, about 2.4% of homes were covered by
a dwelling fire policy which covers property damage to a structure and is typically
sold to noncommercial owners of rented houses. It may also cover the owner's
personal property (such as appliances and furnishings). The owner's liability is
generally extended from their own primary home insurance, and does not comprise
part of the Dwelling Fire policy.
CLASSES OF COVERAGE
For each policy, there are typically six classifications of coverage. These are based
on standard Insurance Services Office or American Association of Insurance
Services forms.
Section I ² Property Coverage
Coverage A - Dwelling
Covers the value of the dwelling itself (not including the land). Typically,
coinsurance clause states that as long as the dwelling is insured to 80% of actual
value, it will be replaced. This is in place to give a buffer against inflation. HO-4
(renter's insurance) typically has no Coverage A, although it has additional
coverage for improvements.
Coverage B - Other Structures
Covers other structure around the property which are not used for business, except
as a private garage. Typically limited at 10% of the Coverage A.
Coverage C |-Personal Property
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Covers personal property, with limits for the theft and loss of particular classes of
items (e.g., $200 for money, banknotes, bullion, coins, medals, etc). Typically 50
to 70% of coverage A is required for contents, which means that consumers may
pay for much more insurance than necessary. This has led to some calls for more
choices.
Coverage D - Loss of Use/Additional Living Expenses
Covers expenses associated with additional living expenses (i.e. rental expenses)
and fair rental value, if part of the residence was rented, however only the rental
income for the actual rent of the space not services provided such as utilities.
ADDITIONAL COVERAGES
Covers a variety of expenses such as debris removal, reasonable repairs, damage to
trees and shrubs for certain named perils (excluding the most common causes of
damage, wind and ice), fire department changes, removal of property, credit card /
identity theft charges, loss assessment, collapse, landlord’s furnishing, and some
building additions. These vary depending upon the form.
EXCLUSIONS
In an open perils policy, specific exclusions will be stated in this section. These
generally include earth movement, water damage, power failure, neglect, war,
nuclear hazard, intentional loss, and concurrent causation (for HO-3).
THREE WAYS TO INSURE HOME.
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When you insure your home, you should insure your home for the total amount it
would cost to rebuild your home if it were destroyed. If you don't have sufficient
insurance, your insurance company may only pay a portion of the cost of replacing
or repairing damaged items. There are three ways to insure the structure of your
home:1.
Replacement Cost: Insurance that pays the policyholder the cost of replacing the
damaged property without deduction for depreciation, but limited to a maximum
dollar amount.
2. Guaranteed Replacement Cost:
Insurance that pays the full cost of replacing damaged property, without a
deduction for depreciation and without a dollar limit. This coverage is not
available in all states and some company’s limit the coverage to 120 percent of
the cost of rebuilding your home. This gives you protection against such things
as a sudden increase in construction costs due to a shortage of building
materials.
3. Actual Cash Value:
Insurance under which the policyholder receives an amount equal to the
replacement value of damaged property minus an allowance for depreciation.
Unless a homeowner’s policy specifies that property is covered for its
replacement value, the coverage is for actual cash value. For a quick estimate
of the amount to rebuild your home, multiply the local building costs per
square foot by the total square footage of your house. To find out the building
rates in your area, consult your local builders association or real-estate
appraiser.
Factors that will determine the cost to rebuild your home:
1. Local construction costs
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2. The square footage of the structure
3. The type of exterior wall construction: frame, masonry (brick or stone)
or veneer
4. The style of the house (ranch, colonial)
5. The number of bathrooms and other rooms
6. The type of roof
7. Attached garages, fireplaces, exterior trim and other special features like
arched windows.
Also be sure to check the value of your insurance policy against rising local
building costs each year. Ask your insurance agent or company representative
about adding an Inflation Guard Clause to your policy. This automatically adjusts
the dwelling limit when you renew your policy to reflect current construction costs
in your area. Also be sure to increase the limit of your policy if you make
improvements or additions to your house.
COMPANIES PROVIDING HOME INSURANCE
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ICICI Home Insurance
It is imperative that you secure your home from natural and man-made
catastrophes. Before Applying for Home Insurance you should know about
Importance of Home Insurance. Our Home Insurance Plan ensures you peace
of mind by protecting the structure and the contents of your home.
Policy Details & Coverage You can choose to buy insurance for only the building
(structure) of your home, or only the contents (belongings) or both. The policy
covers the losses to the structure and contents of your home due to any natural and