HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The Roman World Section 1:Founding the Roman Republic Section 2:Rome Expands.

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World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

The Roman WorldThe Roman WorldSection 1:Section 1: Founding the Roman RepublicFounding the Roman Republic

Section 2:Section 2: Rome Expands Its BordersRome Expands Its Borders

Section 3:Section 3: The Birth of the Roman EmpireThe Birth of the Roman Empire

Section 4:Section 4: Roman Society and CultureRoman Society and Culture

Section 5:Section 5: The Rise of ChristianityThe Rise of Christianity

Section 6:Section 6: The Fall of the Western EmpireThe Fall of the Western Empire

CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 7

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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2

Objectives:Objectives: Identify the role geography played in Italy’s and Rome’s Identify the role geography played in Italy’s and Rome’s

development.development. Describe the form of government of the Roman Republic.Describe the form of government of the Roman Republic. Explain the Conflict of the Orders and how it changed the Explain the Conflict of the Orders and how it changed the

early Roman Republic.early Roman Republic. Compare and contrast the roles of citizens and noncitizens Compare and contrast the roles of citizens and noncitizens

as Rome expanded its power.as Rome expanded its power.

Section 1: Section 1:

Founding the Roman RepublicFounding the Roman RepublicFounding the Roman RepublicFounding the Roman Republic

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The Land: Its Geography and ImportanceThe Land: Its Geography and ImportanceProtected by mountains, but separated from rest Protected by mountains, but separated from rest

of Europeof EuropeHelped to control MediterraneanHelped to control MediterraneanOverland travel was easy, but vulnerable to Overland travel was easy, but vulnerable to

enemy attacksenemy attacks



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Rome and the Beginning of an EmpireRome and the Beginning of an EmpireThe founding of RomeThe founding of RomeA strategic location – protected from invasion by A strategic location – protected from invasion by

sea, center of trade routessea, center of trade routes



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The Early Roman RepublicThe Early Roman RepublicSenate – most influential and powerful body of Senate – most influential and powerful body of

the governmentthe governmentMagistrates – elected officialsMagistrates – elected officialsAssemblies – oversaw defense and acted as courtsAssemblies – oversaw defense and acted as courts



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The Conflict of the OrdersThe Conflict of the OrdersPatricians – wealthy landownersPatricians – wealthy landownersPlebeians – farmers and workersPlebeians – farmers and workers



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The Republic GrowsThe Republic GrowsThe role of the Roman army – well-trained, The role of the Roman army – well-trained,

strict disciplinestrict discipline



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The role of wise policiesThe role of wise policiesConquered peoples were granted limited rightsConquered peoples were granted limited rights



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Objectives:Objectives:Discuss the Punic Wars and how Rome Discuss the Punic Wars and how Rome

gained control over Carthage.gained control over Carthage.Explain how expansion changed the Explain how expansion changed the

Roman Republic.Roman Republic.


Rome Expands Its BordersRome Expands Its BordersRome Expands Its BordersRome Expands Its Borders

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Rome Fights CarthageRome Fights CarthageThe First Punic War – lasted 23 years; Carthage The First Punic War – lasted 23 years; Carthage

was forced to give up Sicilywas forced to give up SicilyThe Second Punic War – Hannibal was defeated The Second Punic War – Hannibal was defeated

by Scipioby ScipioThe Third Punic War – Rome again defeated The Third Punic War – Rome again defeated

Carthage and became supreme power in Carthage and became supreme power in MediterraneanMediterranean



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The Problems of ExpansionThe Problems of ExpansionNobles gained more powerNobles gained more powerWider gap between rich and poorWider gap between rich and poor



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Objectives:Objectives: Identify the political events in Rome during the first Identify the political events in Rome during the first

century B.C. that helped weaken the Roman century B.C. that helped weaken the Roman Republic.Republic.

Explain how the reign of Julius Caesar served as a Explain how the reign of Julius Caesar served as a transition between the Roman Republic and the transition between the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire.Roman Empire.

Describe the events and conditions that marked the Describe the events and conditions that marked the first two centuries of the Roman Empire.first two centuries of the Roman Empire.


The Birth of the Roman EmpireThe Birth of the Roman EmpireThe Birth of the Roman EmpireThe Birth of the Roman Empire

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A Weakening RepublicA Weakening RepublicThe Social War – allies rebelled against Romans, The Social War – allies rebelled against Romans,

were finally granted citizenshipwere finally granted citizenship



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Caesar in PowerCaesar in PowerThe First Triumvirate – Caesar, Crassus, The First Triumvirate – Caesar, Crassus,

and Pompeyand PompeyThe rule of Caesar – Caesar declared war on The rule of Caesar – Caesar declared war on

the republic and defeated Pompey, but was the republic and defeated Pompey, but was killed in the Senatekilled in the Senate



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The Roman EmpireThe Roman EmpireThe Second Triumvirate – Octavian, Antony, The Second Triumvirate – Octavian, Antony,

and Lepidusand LepidusOctavian: the first Augustus – “the revered one”Octavian: the first Augustus – “the revered one”The Pax Romana emperors – Julio-Claudian The Pax Romana emperors – Julio-Claudian

Emperors, Army Emperors, Flavian Emperors, Emperors, Army Emperors, Flavian Emperors, The Five Good EmperorsThe Five Good Emperors



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Objectives:Objectives:Explain how the Romans built a strong and Explain how the Romans built a strong and

unified empire.unified empire.Describe the daily lives and occupations of Describe the daily lives and occupations of

Roman citizens.Roman citizens.Explain the role of science and the arts in the Explain the role of science and the arts in the

Roman Empire.Roman Empire.


Roman Society and CultureRoman Society and CultureRoman Society and CultureRoman Society and Culture

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Building a Strong EmpireBuilding a Strong EmpireGovernment and laws – revised lawsGovernment and laws – revised lawsTrade and transportationTrade and transportationThe Roman ArmyThe Roman Army



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Life in the EmpireLife in the Empire Daily life – running water and exotic food for rich, Daily life – running water and exotic food for rich,

crowded apartments and simple meals for most Romanscrowded apartments and simple meals for most Romans Slaves and slaverySlaves and slavery The roles of men, women, and children – father held The roles of men, women, and children – father held

power, mother managed household, education at homepower, mother managed household, education at home Religion – state religionReligion – state religion Fun and games – theater, sportsFun and games – theater, sports



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Science and the ArtsScience and the ArtsScience, engineering, and architectureScience, engineering, and architectureLiterature – Virgil, Horace, Ovid, Tacitus, Literature – Virgil, Horace, Ovid, Tacitus,

PlutarchPlutarchLanguage – Latin is the parent of modern Language – Latin is the parent of modern

Romance languagesRomance languages



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Objectives:Objectives:Describe how the conditions Jews faced in Judaea Describe how the conditions Jews faced in Judaea

contributed to the rise of Christianity.contributed to the rise of Christianity.Identify the difficulties early Christians Identify the difficulties early Christians

experienced in the Roman Empire.experienced in the Roman Empire.Explain the changes that helped establish Explain the changes that helped establish

Christianity and stabilize the church during the Christianity and stabilize the church during the late Roman Empire.late Roman Empire.


The Rise of ChristianityThe Rise of ChristianityThe Rise of ChristianityThe Rise of Christianity

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The Beginning of ChristianityThe Beginning of ChristianityJews and the Roman Empire – Jews Jews and the Roman Empire – Jews

revolted and were banned from Jerusalemrevolted and were banned from JerusalemThe teachings of Jesus – grounded in The teachings of Jesus – grounded in

Jewish traditionsJewish traditionsThe death of Jesus – resurrectionThe death of Jesus – resurrection



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The Spread of ChristianityThe Spread of ChristianityChristianity was for everyoneChristianity was for everyoneMartyrs were put to death for beliefs in ChristianityMartyrs were put to death for beliefs in ChristianityRoman law accepted Christianity as a religionRoman law accepted Christianity as a religion



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The Romans Adopt ChristianityThe Romans Adopt ChristianityConstantine supported ChristianityConstantine supported ChristianityBishops, patriarchs, popeBishops, patriarchs, pope



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Objectives:Objectives:Identify the problems the Roman Empire had to Identify the problems the Roman Empire had to

deal with during the A.D. 200s.deal with during the A.D. 200s.Explain how the reigns of Diocletian and Explain how the reigns of Diocletian and

Constantine slowed the decline of the empire.Constantine slowed the decline of the empire.List the factors that led to the final decline of the List the factors that led to the final decline of the

Roman Empire in the West.Roman Empire in the West.


The Fall of the Western EmpireThe Fall of the Western EmpireThe Fall of the Western EmpireThe Fall of the Western Empire

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Troubled Times AriseTroubled Times AriseRising inflationRising inflationIncreasing insecurityIncreasing insecurity



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Two Able Emperors Attempt ReformTwo Able Emperors Attempt ReformDiocletian – appointed a co-emperor and two Diocletian – appointed a co-emperor and two

caesars (assistants)caesars (assistants)Constantine – supported ChristianityConstantine – supported Christianity



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The Final InvasionsThe Final InvasionsThe Goths and the VandalsThe Goths and the VandalsThe HunsThe HunsResults of the invasions – people were displaced, Results of the invasions – people were displaced,

instability and destruction aboundedinstability and destruction abounded



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Causes of the declineCauses of the declinePolitical and military weaknessesPolitical and military weaknessesEconomic declineEconomic declineSocial changeSocial change



HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The Roman World Section 1:Founding the Roman Republic Section 2:Rome Expands.

Documents

roman world section

roman republic section

roman empire section

human journey holt

roman empire slide

roman society

early roman republic

founding of rome