HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Enlightenment and Revolution in England and America Section 1: Civil War.

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World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Enlightenment and RevolutionEnlightenment and Revolutionin England and Americain England and America

Section 1: Section 1: Civil War and RevolutionCivil War and Revolution

Section 2: Section 2: Constitutional Monarchy in EnglandConstitutional Monarchy in England

Section 3: Section 3: English Colonial ExpansionEnglish Colonial Expansion

Section 4:Section 4: The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment

Section 5:Section 5: The American RevolutionThe American Revolution

CHAPTER 20CHAPTER 20

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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2

Objectives:Objectives: Explore what led to the conflicts between Charles I and Explore what led to the conflicts between Charles I and

Parliament.Parliament. Examine how the rebellion in Ireland helped start the Examine how the rebellion in Ireland helped start the

English Civil War.English Civil War. Identify who would have supported the two sides in the Identify who would have supported the two sides in the

English Revolution.English Revolution. Investigate what led to the downfall of republican Investigate what led to the downfall of republican

government in England.government in England.

Section 1: Section 1:

Civil War and RevolutionCivil War and RevolutionCivil War and RevolutionCivil War and Revolution

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Charles I and ParliamentCharles I and ParliamentCharles I believed in divine right of kings, was Charles I believed in divine right of kings, was

married to a French Catholic princessmarried to a French Catholic princessParliament opposed his tax measuresParliament opposed his tax measures



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The Long ParliamentThe Long ParliamentIrish were dispossessed by British, treated brutallyIrish were dispossessed by British, treated brutallyParliament wanted to be in charge of the armyParliament wanted to be in charge of the armyCharles refused to compromise, led troops into Charles refused to compromise, led troops into

House of Commons to arrest opponentsHouse of Commons to arrest opponentsNeither side would compromiseNeither side would compromise



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English Civil WarEnglish Civil WarCavaliers – called royalists, supported the kingCavaliers – called royalists, supported the kingRoundheads – supported ParliamentRoundheads – supported ParliamentOliver Cromwell – organized New Model Army Oliver Cromwell – organized New Model Army

and defeated Charlesand defeated CharlesRump Parliament – abolished monarchy and Rump Parliament – abolished monarchy and

House of Lords, proclaimed England a House of Lords, proclaimed England a commonwealth, tried Charles I for treasoncommonwealth, tried Charles I for treason



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Cromwell’s CommonwealthCromwell’s CommonwealthRaised money from taxes and land salesRaised money from taxes and land salesArmy was disciplined and powerfulArmy was disciplined and powerfulEnemies had no organized armyEnemies had no organized armyEncouraged trade and manufacturingEncouraged trade and manufacturing



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End of the RevolutionEnd of the RevolutionCromwell quarreled with Parliament, then Cromwell quarreled with Parliament, then

dissolved itdissolved itCharles II restored monarchyCharles II restored monarchy



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Objectives:Objectives:Explain how religious attitudes affected the rule of Explain how religious attitudes affected the rule of

Charles II and James II.Charles II and James II.Describe how Parliament reduced the power of the Describe how Parliament reduced the power of the

monarchy after the Restoration.monarchy after the Restoration.Identify the principal features of Britain’s limited Identify the principal features of Britain’s limited

constitutional monarchy.constitutional monarchy.


Constitutional Monarchy in EnglandConstitutional Monarchy in EnglandConstitutional Monarchy in EnglandConstitutional Monarchy in England

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The Restoration and the Glorious RevolutionThe Restoration and the Glorious Revolution Political parties develop – Charles tried to increase Political parties develop – Charles tried to increase

toleration for Catholicism; Tories supported Anglican toleration for Catholicism; Tories supported Anglican Church, Whigs opposed having Catholic rulerChurch, Whigs opposed having Catholic ruler

The Glorious Revolution – bloodless transfer of power in The Glorious Revolution – bloodless transfer of power in English monarchy; religious attitudes led to suspicion, English monarchy; religious attitudes led to suspicion, conflict with Parliament, and opposition to the kings’ conflict with Parliament, and opposition to the kings’ policiespolicies



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Changes in English GovernmentChanges in English Government Habeas Corpus Act and Declaration of Rights – protected Habeas Corpus Act and Declaration of Rights – protected

individuals against unfair arrest and imprisonment, individuals against unfair arrest and imprisonment, unfairly high bail, or cruel or unusual punishmentunfairly high bail, or cruel or unusual punishment

Toleration Act and Act of Settlement – religious freedoms Toleration Act and Act of Settlement – religious freedoms to Dissenters, but not Roman Catholics or Jews; Act of to Dissenters, but not Roman Catholics or Jews; Act of Settlement kept Catholics from the English throneSettlement kept Catholics from the English throne



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Parliamentary RuleParliamentary RuleGrowing power of Parliament – monarch must Growing power of Parliament – monarch must

consult with Parliament; development of cabinet consult with Parliament; development of cabinet and prime ministerand prime minister

Act of Union – united England and Scotland into Act of Union – united England and Scotland into Great BritainGreat Britain

Constitutional monarchy – monarch remained head Constitutional monarchy – monarch remained head of state, royal powers were limited by constitutionof state, royal powers were limited by constitution



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Objectives:Objectives:Investigate who the sea dogs were and what they Investigate who the sea dogs were and what they

accomplished.accomplished.Explore the results of the British mercantilist Explore the results of the British mercantilist

policy.policy.


English Colonial ExpansionEnglish Colonial ExpansionEnglish Colonial ExpansionEnglish Colonial Expansion

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The Beginnings of the British EmpireThe Beginnings of the British EmpireExplorers and sea dogs – English sea captains who Explorers and sea dogs – English sea captains who

challenged the Portuguese and Spanish challenged the Portuguese and Spanish monopolies of sea trade, plundered foreign ships, monopolies of sea trade, plundered foreign ships, helped defeat Spanish Armadahelped defeat Spanish Armada

The British in India – British East India CompanyThe British in India – British East India Company



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The British in AmericaThe British in AmericaBritish settlements – Jamestown and PlymouthBritish settlements – Jamestown and PlymouthMercantilism and the British colonies – Mercantilism and the British colonies –

discouraged colonial manufacturing and forced discouraged colonial manufacturing and forced colonists to sell certain products only to Britaincolonists to sell certain products only to Britain



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Objectives:Objectives:Identify the principal characteristics of Identify the principal characteristics of

Enlightenment thinking.Enlightenment thinking.Analyze the similarities and differences in the Analyze the similarities and differences in the

ideas of important Enlightenment philosophers.ideas of important Enlightenment philosophers.


The EnlightenmentThe EnlightenmentThe EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment

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Crusaders of the EnlightenmentCrusaders of the EnlightenmentBelieved that natural law governed human Believed that natural law governed human

behavior and that truth could be determined by behavior and that truth could be determined by logic, secularism, and individualismlogic, secularism, and individualism



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Political CriticismPolitical CriticismMontesquieu – government divided into branches Montesquieu – government divided into branches

to create checks on political powerto create checks on political powerVoltaire – criticized intolerance and attempts to Voltaire – criticized intolerance and attempts to

suppress personal freedomssuppress personal freedomsRousseau – distrusted reason, opposed strong Rousseau – distrusted reason, opposed strong

government, supported popular sovereigntygovernment, supported popular sovereignty



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Objectives:Objectives:Explain how Americans responded to British Explain how Americans responded to British

policies after the French and Indian War.policies after the French and Indian War.Describe what type of government Americans set Describe what type of government Americans set

up after the American Revolution.up after the American Revolution.


The American RevolutionThe American RevolutionThe American RevolutionThe American Revolution

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Empire and ConflictEmpire and ConflictBritish-French rivalry – Seven Years’ War; British British-French rivalry – Seven Years’ War; British

won control of much of North Americawon control of much of North AmericaIncreased imperial control – Sugar Act, Stamp Increased imperial control – Sugar Act, Stamp

Act, “taxation without representation”Act, “taxation without representation”Intensified conflict – colonists hardened their Intensified conflict – colonists hardened their

resistance to British policiesresistance to British policies



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American IndependenceAmerican Independence The Declaration of Independence – government is created The Declaration of Independence – government is created

to protect individual rights and cannot exist without the to protect individual rights and cannot exist without the consent of the governed, who can alter or abolish itconsent of the governed, who can alter or abolish it

The war for independence – weak American government, The war for independence – weak American government, brutal Hessian mercenaries, strong American military brutal Hessian mercenaries, strong American military leadershipleadership

War and peace – French alliance with United States, as War and peace – French alliance with United States, as well as Spain and Netherlands, brought American victorywell as Spain and Netherlands, brought American victory



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Governing a New NationGoverning a New NationThe Articles of Confederation – weak central The Articles of Confederation – weak central

government, placed power in individual statesgovernment, placed power in individual statesThe Constitution – federal government with three The Constitution – federal government with three

branches: executive, legislative, and judicial; Bill branches: executive, legislative, and judicial; Bill of Rights guaranteed citizens certain rightsof Rights guaranteed citizens certain rights

Effects of American independence – democracy Effects of American independence – democracy that inspired loyaltythat inspired loyalty



HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Enlightenment and Revolution in England and America Section 1: Civil War.

Documents

parliament charles

revolution section

human journey holt

army parliament

revolution slide

army charles

english revolution

restored monarchy charles