HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT 1 Chapter 4 INDEPENDENCE! Section 1: The Seeds of Unrest Section 2: The Shot Heard Round the World.

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Chapter 4Chapter 4

INDEPENDENCE!INDEPENDENCE!

Section 1:Section 1: The Seeds of Unrest The Seeds of Unrest

Section 2:Section 2: The Shot Heard Round the World The Shot Heard Round the World

Section 3:Section 3: Independence Declared Independence Declared

Section 4:Section 4: An American Victory An American Victory



Objectives:Objectives:How did the British Crown respond to Pontiac’s How did the British Crown respond to Pontiac’s

Rebellion?Rebellion?Why did the British government pass the Sugar Why did the British government pass the Sugar

Act and the Stamp Act?Act and the Stamp Act?How did the colonists respond to the Stamp Act?How did the colonists respond to the Stamp Act?What events led to the Boston Massacre?What events led to the Boston Massacre?

Section 1: The Seeds of UnrestSection 1: The Seeds of Unrest



Crown response to Pontiac’s RebellionCrown response to Pontiac’s Rebellionissued the Proclamation of 1763, barring issued the Proclamation of 1763, barring

settlement west of the Appalachians and requiring settlement west of the Appalachians and requiring traders to obtain permission before entering the traders to obtain permission before entering the territoryterritory

attempted to tax the colonists to recover the costs attempted to tax the colonists to recover the costs of fighting the rebellionof fighting the rebellion




Sugar Act and Stamp ActSugar Act and Stamp ActThe Sugar Act and the Stamp Act were passed The Sugar Act and the Stamp Act were passed because the British government was deeply in debt because the British government was deeply in debt from fighting the French and Indian War and Indian from fighting the French and Indian War and Indian uprisings.uprisings.




Colonial response to the Stamp ActColonial response to the Stamp ActColonial assemblies met to protest taxation Colonial assemblies met to protest taxation

without representation.without representation.Colonial merchants signed nonimportation Colonial merchants signed nonimportation

agreements.agreements.Some public demonstrations turned violent.Some public demonstrations turned violent.




Events leading to the Boston MassacreEvents leading to the Boston MassacreParliament passed the Townshend Acts in 1767; Parliament passed the Townshend Acts in 1767;

writs of assistance used to enforce them.writs of assistance used to enforce them.British government dissolved the Massachusetts British government dissolved the Massachusetts

assembly for its opposition.assembly for its opposition.Protest escalated into boycotts and violence; Protest escalated into boycotts and violence;

British troops sent to Boston.British troops sent to Boston.British troops opened fire on crowd of protesters.British troops opened fire on crowd of protesters.




Objectives:Objectives:Why did the colonists in Massachusetts stage the Why did the colonists in Massachusetts stage the

Boston Tea Party?Boston Tea Party?Why did Parliament pass the Intolerable Acts?Why did Parliament pass the Intolerable Acts?What events led to the battles at Lexington and What events led to the battles at Lexington and

Concord?Concord?What actions did the Second Continental Congress What actions did the Second Continental Congress

take?take?

Section 2: The Shot Heard Round the WorldSection 2: The Shot Heard Round the World



The Boston Tea PartyThe Boston Tea PartyThe Tea Act of 1773 was passed to bail out the The Tea Act of 1773 was passed to bail out the

British East India Company; it gave the company British East India Company; it gave the company privileges that no American merchants had.privileges that no American merchants had.

The Governor of Massachusetts refused colonists’ The Governor of Massachusetts refused colonists’ demands that three shiploads of tea be returned to demands that three shiploads of tea be returned to Britain.Britain.




The Intolerable ActsThe Intolerable Actspassed to punish Boston and the rest of passed to punish Boston and the rest of

Massachusetts for the Boston Tea PartyMassachusetts for the Boston Tea Partydesigned to strengthen British control over all the designed to strengthen British control over all the

coloniescolonies




Events leading to battles of Lexington Events leading to battles of Lexington and Concordand Concord Colonial unity was strengthened by opposition to Colonial unity was strengthened by opposition to

Intolerable Acts.Intolerable Acts. First Continental Congress met; called for ban on trade First Continental Congress met; called for ban on trade

with Britain.with Britain. Gage was ordered to put down rebellion; moved to seize Gage was ordered to put down rebellion; moved to seize

rebel military supplies.rebel military supplies. Paul Revere rode; armed colonists confronted British Paul Revere rode; armed colonists confronted British

soldiers.soldiers.




Second Continental CongressSecond Continental CongressContinental Army established; George Continental Army established; George

Washington chosen to commandWashington chosen to commandfought the Battle of Bostonfought the Battle of Bostonsent the Olive Branch Petition to King Georgesent the Olive Branch Petition to King Georgevoted to declare independencevoted to declare independence




Objectives:Objectives:How did the Declaration of Independence explain How did the Declaration of Independence explain

America’s break with Great Britain?America’s break with Great Britain?How did Americans react to the Declaration of How did Americans react to the Declaration of

Independence?Independence?What major problems did the Continental Army face?What major problems did the Continental Army face?What roles did different groups of people play in the What roles did different groups of people play in the

war?war?

Section 3: Independence DeclaredSection 3: Independence Declared



Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independencelisted King George III’s misdeedslisted King George III’s misdeedsestablished the doctrine of unalienable rightsestablished the doctrine of unalienable rightsdeclared that people have the right to abolish declared that people have the right to abolish

government that deprives them of unalienable government that deprives them of unalienable rightsrights




Reactions to DeclarationReactions to DeclarationSome Patriots celebrated and even destroyed Some Patriots celebrated and even destroyed

British icons.British icons.Loyalists opposed or ignored the Declaration; Loyalists opposed or ignored the Declaration;

some fled.some fled.Some Patriots wanted women included in the Some Patriots wanted women included in the

government.government.




Army problemsArmy problemslack of important supplies, including food, lack of important supplies, including food,

clothing, and other necessitiesclothing, and other necessitiesharsh weatherharsh weatherdiseasediseaseshortage of enlistmentsshortage of enlistments




African AmericansAfrican AmericansSome fought for the British to gain freedom.Some fought for the British to gain freedom.Many former slaves fought for Patriots.Many former slaves fought for Patriots.




American IndiansAmerican IndiansMany supported the British, who promised to protect Many supported the British, who promised to protect land rights.land rights.




WomenWomenSome served as spies and messengers; a few as Some served as spies and messengers; a few as

soldiers.soldiers.Many accompanied troops to work as cooks, Many accompanied troops to work as cooks,

laundresses, and nurses.laundresses, and nurses.Others made war materials and kept colonial Others made war materials and kept colonial

economy going.economy going.




Objectives:Objectives:What was the importance of the Battles of Trenton What was the importance of the Battles of Trenton

and Saratoga?and Saratoga?How did the Patriots defeat the British in the West How did the Patriots defeat the British in the West

and the South?and the South?What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris?What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris?

Section 4: An American VictorySection 4: An American Victory



Battle of TrentonBattle of Trentonfirst major offensivefirst major offensiveraised American moraleraised American morale




Battle of SaratogaBattle of Saratogaencouraged European countries to become U.S. encouraged European countries to become U.S.

alliesalliesraised American moraleraised American morale




The West and the SouthThe West and the SouthSmall detachments of troops gave Patriots speed Small detachments of troops gave Patriots speed

and flexibility.and flexibility.Small-scale attacks allowed Patriots to attack Small-scale attacks allowed Patriots to attack

more places.more places.Guerrilla warfare tactics allowed Patriots to take Guerrilla warfare tactics allowed Patriots to take

advantage of local geography and to destabilize advantage of local geography and to destabilize the British.the British.




The Treaty of ParisThe Treaty of Parisgranted the United States independencegranted the United States independencetransferred the land from the Atlantic coast west to transferred the land from the Atlantic coast west to

the Mississippi, and from the Great Lakes south to the Mississippi, and from the Great Lakes south to Florida, to the AmericansFlorida, to the Americans

declared that the Americans should pay any debts declared that the Americans should pay any debts owed to the Britishowed to the British


HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT 1 Chapter 4 INDEPENDENCE! Section 1: The Seeds of Unrest Section 2: The Shot Heard Round the World.

Documents

american nation holt

british government

sugar act

seeds of unrest section

british crown

rebellion section

seeds of unrest slide

stamp act colonial assemblies