HOLOSCENE: high-performance landscape systems

• 1.MOORH FARGO Ur Su Ruholoscene EADhigh performancelandscape systems// An Integrated Solutionvc.hefti NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY0 5,000 10,000 20,000FTDepartment of Landscape ArchitectureMAY 2012 | dominic fischer N01.5 36 MI

2. NORTH DAKOTA MINNESOTA problem statementWhat if a connected system of landscape infrastructure,a working landscape, could enhance ecological functioningto serve as a civic asset rather than an environmental liability?N0 25 50 100MI 3. HYDROLOGY [ integrated stormwater management [ detention/retention aquifer recharge) [ wastewater treatment [ soil conservation & formation [ slope/soil stabilization [ nutrient cycling liability vs. assetECOLOGY native prairie reconstruction [ habitat integrated wetlands [ biodiversityRESIDENTS/community[ climactic regulation urban infrastructure[ atmospheric regulation [ interpretivflood concrete channel residentsWILDLIFE/vegetationrenewable energy [ urban health solutions (social, psychological, and physiological)CIVIC AMENITY sustainable resources [ parks & open spaceCITY PLANNERS/researchers civic recreation[ recreation_structured_gathering spaces (ex. plazas) user/client description [ recreation_nonstructured (ex. walking/biking trails) environmental education [ trail systems & networksmajor project elements [ alternative transportation [ hierarchy of circulation (creative solutions to avoid habitat fragmentation) [ neighborhood connections [ cultural heritage_ [ cultural heritage_ecologicalECONOMIC [ community unity [ [f conomic land use strategies -TBD [ adaptive management solutions 4. studyarea199020002010CASSargusville2560.65274 105,529reilies acres 320.82212north river 35.35728 year/city1990 20002010mapleton2503.3699fargo 74,111 90,599 105,529oxbow 261.8305925,830west fargo12,287 14,94025,830kindred 924.7076 moorhead32,472 32,17738,065davenport 158.97206briarwood 84.74632harwood 771.37414 38,065 74,111 16,488 14,930frontier109.9336512,2872,653 10,890west fargo9701.61997 32,472 -2955,888prairie rose25.59238fargo 30752.53364fargo et17899.753horace6964.73221total acreage~73076CLAYfelton 648.593671georgetown 650.556007glydon 926.117521sabin289.453649comstock 147.813195dilworth 2055.383293moorhead 12621.53659total acreage~17339MUNICIPALtotal acreage~90415 5. site issuesfloodingwater supplywater qualityNo snowflake in an avalanche mass wastingever feels responsible.soil eroisionStanisaw Jerzy Lec,ecological extinctionpoet & aphoristunplanned sprawlpoor designwaste public space 6. FLOODINGmemorial bridge fargo/moorhead border http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3594/3395342393_49bbbf5c46_o.jpg 7. WATER SUPPLY west fargo aquifer buffalo aquifer http://www.merchantcircle.com/directory/ND-West-Fargo/cityphotos/4 8. WATER QUALITY aquifers, streamsdrainage ditcheshttp://www.merchantcircle.com/directory/ND-West-Fargo/cityphotos/4 9. SLOPE STABILITYsoil structure water wayshttp://www.ndsu.edu/fargo_geology/mass_wasting/slumptypes.htmhttp://www.ndsu.edu/fargo_geology/mass_wasting/creep&flow.htm 10. SOIL EROSION water wind http://www.ndsu.edu/fargo_geology/mass_wasting/slumptypes.htm http://www.ndsu.edu/fargo_geology/mass_wasting/creep&flow.htm 11. ECOSYSTEM EXTINCTIONtallgrass prairiewetland http://www.midwestliving.com/travel/destination/illinois/illinois-midewin-national-tallgrass-prairie/ 12. POOR PLANNING & DESIGNhttp://www.theoildrum.com/story/2006/3/18/174032/731http://www.marketingpilgrim.com/2011/08/cup-of-joe-honking-at-red-lights-on-a-hot-day.html 13. siteopportunitydowntownculturehigher educationhistorydesignNDSUgreat plains microsoftMSUMConcordiaexisting park/trailLet everyone sweep ecosystemin front of his own door, and tallgrass prairiethe whole world will be clean. informed/aesthetic design riverwindJohann Wolfgang von Goethe,German Playwright, Poet, Novelist and Dramatist 14. DOWNTOWNdesign, culture, history http://www.midwestliving.com/travel/destination/illinois/illinois-midewin-national-tallgrass-prairie/ 15. HIGHER EDUCATIONndsu, msum,concordia http://www.midwestliving.com/travel/destination/illinois/illinois-midewin-national-tallgrass-prairie/ 16. INTELLECTUAL INDUSTRY great plains microsoft,sanford healthhttp://microsoft.areavoices.com/2011/06/04/little-gem-on-the-prairie-inside-the-microsoft-campus/ 17. EXISTING PARK & TRAILfargo, moorhead,west fargo http://www.liveworkdream.com/2007/07/30/fargo-its-not-what-youd-expect/ 18. ECOSYSTEM tallgrass prairie,wind, riverhttp://www.midwestliving.com/travel/destination/illinois/illinois-midewin-national-tallgrass-prairie/ 19. INFORMED DESIGNtallgrass prairie, wind, river http://www.midwestliving.com/travel/destination/illinois/illinois-midewin-national-tallgrass-prairie/ 20. from this... to thisdata/picture source 21. theoretical postulate ...there was a unity in this complication. ...one single question with many parts... The one great central problem...the [wise] use of the earth for the good of man. ...a judicious expenditure for such objects is -Gifford Pinchot, always a wise and safe investment. Head of US Forest Service-Horace Cleveland,Joseph Paxton// Birkenhead Park_1842 on the Minneapolis/St. Paul park systemCommunity public parks. Compare the two maps one showingLandscape Gardening Movement moved parksthe opportunity, the other the miser-from private to public when two streams of pro-Horace Cleveland// Minneapolis & St. Paul_1872 able present result. Do not the factsgress converged,the rapid growth of technology,The subject of public improvements in the form speak for themselves?and an increased demand for better living andof parkways is sure in its first inception to meet-Charles Eliot,working conditions.with opposition.on Bostons lack of conservationroyal parks > city parks >>park systems >>> national/state parks >>>> town planning >>>>> working landscapes >>>>>> recreation > public health >> preservation >>>conservation & economics >>>> sustainability >>>>>resilience >>>>>>Public Health_ 1870In the ten years succeeding...Central Park the Ebenezer Howard// Garden City_1898Massachusetts Board of Health: increased valuation of taxable property in the... Neither the Town magnet nor theall citizens have an inherent right to the enjoy- surrounding it was no less than $54,000,000, af-Country magnet represents the fullment of pure and uncontaminated air, and wa- fording a surplussufficient... to pay the entire plan and purpose of nature.ter, and soil, that this right should be regarded as cost of the park in less times than was requiredbelonging to the whole community, and that nofor its construction.Human society and the beauty of na-one should be allowed to trespass upon it by his ture are meant to be enjoyed together.carelessness and avarice (Wellock, 2006). The Re- ...securing the areas that are needed before The two magnets must be made one...port on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring they become so occupied or acquire such value Town and country must be married,Population of Great Britain by Edwin Chadwick in as to place them beyond reach. Look forward for and out of this joyous union will spring1842 emphasized medical authorities advocat- a century...when the city has a population of a a new....civilization (Newton, 2006).ing more city parks to absorb deleterious gases. million...They will have wealth enough...but allParks, reformers concluded, were the lungs of their wealth cannot purchase a lost opportuni-the city and promoted health (Wellock, 2006). ty ...evident that St. Paul and Minneapolis ...will become virtually one city...they should unite in the designing...the area which now separates them, by which they are to be mutually benefit-data/picture source ted (Newton, 2006). 22. anthropoceneholoscene gr. holos - cenos - scene zones mosaic pixelsgradient holos= whole/entire cenos= new/recentscene= view/picture/where something occurs/milieu 23. siteanalysisecologygeologyhydrologywaterland usefloodditchesland useKnowing is not enough; we must apply.tallgrass prairieWilling is not enough; we must do. climatology riverwind Johann Wolfgang von Goethe,German Playwright, Poet, Novelist and Dramatist 24. workinglandscapeOPERANT DISTIRBANCE REGIMES// drought>About a third of the endangered species in theUnited States make their homes in wetlands.fire>>4-5yr fire regime grazing>>>No other ecosystem in America removes asmuch carbon dioxide from the atmosphere asprairie grasslands (nps.gov, complex prairie eco-system).TALLGRASS PRAIRIE ECOSYSTEM deep roots > water infiltration >> water/sediment filtration >>> recharging groundwater stores >>>75-80% of the prairies biomass, or plant mate- slope stabilization >>>> erosion prevention >>>>> keeps silt from clogging streams >>>>>>rial, is underground.Beneath the surface lies the main stems or rhi-zomes, running horizontally.Here, they remain protected from drying, graz-ing, trampling, fire, and frost.Tough fibrous roots descend from these rhi-zomes deep into the ground. Some plants havebeen reported to go 10 to 15 feet deep (nps.gov,complex prairie ecosystem). WET-MESICloam - silt - clay - sandy outwash WETsilt - clay loamRepeated Burn cycles create dark mineral andglacial till : alluvial depositsglacial till : alluvial depositsnutrient rich top soil.Restored prairies can reclaim many of their na- poorly drained saturated > a few days a normal yeartive qualities in as little as 10 years high groundwater table : gleying just below the A horizon high groundwater tablecommonly ponded: winter, spring, after heavy rain soil waterlogged within root zone forextended periods during growing season4-5yr fire regimefire,periodic prolonged flood eventsheadwater streamsfloodplainsshallow swales 25. blackpoll warbler Dendroica striata BIRDSCommon loon Gavia immer summer breeding/WET MESICGRAMINOID Big BluestemAndropogon gerardiBig BluestemAndropogon gerardihorned grebe Podiceps auritus migration route/Prairie Cordgrass Spartina pectinataPrairie DropseedSporobolus heterolepisBohemian waxwing Bombycilla garrulus yearroundMat Muhly Grass Muhlenbergia richardsonis Indian GrassSorghastrum nutansAmerican coot Fulica AmericanaNarrow ReedgrassCalamagrostis stricta Little Bluestem Schizachyrium scopariumAmerican wigeon Anas AmericanaWooly Sedge Carex pellita Prairie Cordgrass Spartina pectinataAmerican goldfinch Carduelis tristisSwitchgrass Panicum virgatumKalms BromeBromus kalmiiAmerican bittern Botaurus lentiginosusSwitchgrass Panicum virgatumAmerican redstart Setophaga ruticilla Porcupine Grass Stipa spartea (important on drier siteBairds sparrow Ammodramus bairdii FLOURAblack tern Chlidonias nigerFORB Prairie Loosestrife Lysimachia quadrifloraNorthern BedstrawGalium borealeblack-crowned night heron Nycticorax nycticorax Northern Bedstraw Galium borealePurple Prairie Clover Petalostemon purpureumblue-winged teal Anas discors Tall Meadow Rue Thalictrum dasycarpum Canada Goldenrod Solidago canadensisbobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorusWild Strawberry Fragaria virginiana Heath AsterAster ericoidesburrowing owl Athene cunicluariaGolden Alexanders Zizia aurea Rigid GoldenrodS. rigidacommon yellowthroat Geothlypis trichasBlack-eyed SusanRudbeckia hirta Maximilian Sunflower Helianthus maximilianiCoopers hawk Accipiter cooperiiWhite Camas Zigadenus elegans Heart leaved Golden Alexander aptera Ziziadickcissel Spiza AmericanaNew England Aster Symphyotrichum novae-angliaeBlack-eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirtadowny woodpecker Picoides pubescens INVERTEBRATES American burying beetleNicrophorus americanus Sawtooth SunflowerHelianthus grosseserratus Tall Meadow RueThalictrum dasycarpumevening grosbeak Coccothraustes vespertinus Dakota skipper Hesperia dacotae Cowbane Oxypolis rigidiorSmooth AsterAster laevisgadwall Anas strepera Powesheik skipperlingOarisma poweshiekMountain Mint Pycnanthemum virginianum Wild Strawberry Fragaria virginianagrasshopper sparrow Ammodramus savannarum Regal fritillary Speyeria idaliaCulvers Root Veronicastrum virginicumWhite CamasFigadenus elegansgreater prairie-chicken Tympanuchus cupidoMountain MintPycnanthemum virginianumkilldeer Charadrius vociferusFISH Brook SticklebackCulaea inconstansSHRUB Slender WillowSalix petiolarisGolden AlexandersZizia aureakingbird Tyrannus spp.Creek chub Semotilus atromaculatus American WillowSalix discolorHarebell Campanula rotundifoliaLapland longspur Calcarius lapponicus Fathead minnow Pimephales promelasWild BergamotMonarda fistulosalark bunting Calamospiza melanocorysJohnny darterEtheostoma nigrumTREE Silver Maple Acer saccharinumFlodmans ThistleCirsium flodmaniileast tern Sterna antillarum ElmUlmus Americana Hoary PuccoonLithospermum canescensloggerhead shrike Lanius ludovicianus AMPHIBIANS/ Blanchards cricket frog Acris crepitans blanchardiCottonwood Populus deltoidesREPTILES Copes gray treefrog Stiff Sunflower Helianthus rigidusmallard Anas platyrynchosHyla chrysoscelis Willow Salix albaRough Blazing Star Liatris asperamarbled godwit Limnosa fedoaNorthern redbelly snakeStoreria o. occipitomaculata Pale Spiked LobeliaLobelia spicatamarsh wren Cistothorus pallustris Plains garter snakeThamnophis radix Wood LilyLilium philadelphicummourning dove Zenaida macrouraPrairie skinkEumeces septentrionalisPrairie Onion Allium Allium stellatumnorthern harrier Circus cyaneus Snapping turtleChelydra serpentinaWild LicoriceGlycyrrhiza lepidotanorthern pintail Anas acuta Spiny softshellTrionyx spiniferus Smooth Rattlesnake-root Prenanthes racemosanorthern shoveler Anas clypeata Tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum Grass-leaved Goldenrod Solidago graminifolia FAUNAolive-sided flycatcher Contopus cooperi Wood BetonyPedicularis canadensisorange-crowned warbler Vermivora celata MAMMALS Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus Indian Paint Brush Castilleja coccineaosprey Pandion haliaetusEastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanusDowny PhloxPhlox pilosapine grosbeak Pinicola enucleator White-tailed jackrabbitLepus townsendii White Prairie Clover Dalea candidumpiping plover Charadrius melodusNorthern pocket gopher Thomomys talpoides White Sage Artemisia ludovicianared crossbill Loxia curvirostra Plains pocket gopher Geomys bursariusred-headed woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalusAmerican badgerTaxidea taxusSEMI-SHRUB Prairie Rose Rosa arkansanared-winged blackbird Agelaius phoeniceusElkCervus elaphusFragrant False IndigoAmorpha nana (common on moisterredhead Aythya americanaAmerican bison Bison bison LeadplantAmorpha canescens (shrub/legume)ring-billed gull Larus delawarensis Coyote Canis latranssedge wren Cistothorus platensisFranklins ground squirrel Spermophilus franklinii SHRUB Canada Wildrye Elymus canadensisshort-eared owl Asio flammeus Gray fox Urocyon cinereoargenteusCompass PlantS. lacinatumsnow bunting Plectrophenax nivalisJumping mice Zapus spp.Fringed GentianGentianopsis crinataSpragues pipit Anthus spragueiiMeadow jumping mouse Zapus hudsonius Prairie Panic GrassPanicum leibergiiSwainsons hawk Buteo swainsoni Least weasel Mustela nivalis Sawtooth Sunflower Helianthus grosseserratusupland sandpiper Bartramia longicauda Little brown myotisMyotis lucifugusPale Purple Coneflower Echinacea angustifolia (common on dveery Catharus fuscescens Long-tailed weasel Mustela frenata Prairie Bird-foot Violet Viola pedatifidaVirginia rail Rallus limicola Meadow voles Microtus pennsylvanicus Alumroot Heuchera richardsoniiwestern meadowlark Sturnella neglecta Mink Mustela vison mink Mustela visonPrairie CinquefoilPotentilla argutawhite-winged crossbill Loxia leucoptera Mule deerOdocoileus hemionus Missouri Goldenrod S. missouriensiswhite-faced ibis Plegadis chihi MuskratOndatra zibethicusBicknells Sedge Carex bicknelliiwhooping crane Grus americana Prairie vole Microtus orchrogaster Rattlesnake Master Eryngium yuccifoliumwillet Catoptrophorus semipalmatusRed foxVulpes vulpesWilsons phalarope Phalaropus tricolorRichardsons ground squirrel Spermophilus richardsoniiyellow warbler Dendroica petechia Striped skunkMephitis mephitisyellow rail Coturnicops noveboracensisThirteen-lined ground squirrel Spermophilus tridecemlineatusyellow-bellied sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius White-tailed deerOdocoileus virginianusyellow-rumped warbler Dendroica coronata 26. climatology 153- 7 3.5 70average sunshine (hrs)average wind speed (mph) average snowfall (in)average perciptation (in) average temperature (F) 1322ndS 119 9-6532.56050 //Northern hemisphere_northern temperate zone_humid continental9715 4 2 40D515-3 1.5 30N321 2 1 2021st121-1 0.5 10027 0 00 21st June21st M S D N summer winds >September November FebruaryMay < 4 4% 8% 12% 16% 20% WIND POWER N season > August NovemberMarch < spring season > May < summer 0330 30 14th 21st14th 21st 209:25 405:33 300 9pm60 6am9am 60m 9a6p m270 90 3pm1pm 12 m 9 6a6p 240 120m 7:51 4:439am 12 6pm 3pm 210 150 180 27. geology//Glacial movement_glacial melt_soil depth & composition /long-term drought water supply /sustainable water resources useglacial riverlakeabove sea levelsurface outwash overbank offshoresands Qlg holocene Oahe Fm. Qhacaisson depth900ftSherack FormationQloPoplar River Fm. QpwfW.Fargo Mbr. QphHarwood Mbr. 850Brenna Formation QbArgusville Formation Qargsediment QrssedimentQro QUATERNARY 800till Qussand & gravel QgoSURFICIAL GEOLOGYaquiferstill Qgs pleistoceneBURIEDsand & gravel Qoo SURFICIAL 750till Qossand & gravelQtotill Qts 700undivided bedrock CRETACEOUSCretaceous bedrock 550Pre-Cretaceous bedrock 28. precipitationevaporationmoorhead aquifer transperation & evaporationSURFICIAL GEOLOGYwest fargo aquifer systembuffalo aquiferWest Fargo Aquifer 415 bgals buriedMoorhead surficialBuffalo Aquifer250 bgals surficialSECTION near surface water flow deep regional water flow 29. workinglandscape DATASTREAM>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> average monthly average monthly water use water system lossesThese water losses are attributed to pipe leaks>> FARGO 1996 440120.1Distance transport suggested by the Red River Valley 1997 32649.6 Location Past area (ha.)Current area (ha.) Decline (%) 1998 42112.3 Water Supply Project would be far more expensive 1999 36139.3 in losses and construction than acquiring land for aManitoba 600,000 300 99.9 2000 42029.9 high performance Wetland Recharge landscape. 2001 41521.1 Minnesota 7,300,000 30,000-60,000 99.2-99.6Bureau of Reclamations solutions range:North Dakota 130,000 120 99.9 total~2383~366.4 millions of gal.$28,240,000 - 150,711,000TALLGRASS PRAIRIE ECOSYSTEMPRAIRIE/FLOOD CORRELATION OVER TIMEANNUAL PEAK STREAMFLOW 120,000 80,000 50YR40,000100YR500YR 0 cubic ft/sec 181920 19 20 505010 00001800 18701970>One 2000)the biggest wetland areas in the world was from Manitoba/Dakotas to Ontario/Ohioof . American farmers drained 17 million hectares of wetland, United States drained half.(McNeill, (McNeill, 2000) settlement> prairie grasses removed>> fields ploughed>>> drainage ditches>>>>drainage tiles>>>>>increased runoff>>>>>>landform >climate >>limited waterholding/slowing vegetative cover >>>impervious surfaces >>>>encouraged drainage >>>>>upstream development >>>>>> .FLOOD STAGESChannelization = fewer floods + invites people to settle in floodplains . . when it does flood causes = > damage + damages alluvial ecosystems ex. 1990_Mississippi had 26 dams 1993_flood $12 billion in damagefloodingpondingprotectedfloodwalllevee [constructed]levee [earthen]levee [sandbag]0 40,000FTN06MI 30. hydrology//Red River Basin_~45,000 sq mi /flood control /water quality controlupstream RED RIVER Whapeton, ND USA Elv. 948 Lake Winnipeg, ON Canada Elv. 712Elv. Change 223ft downstream FLOOD base 34103 prelim 285 brkout 3269 site of erosion 100yr70401site of deposition 500yr34102 total142160 acres HYDROLOGY_FLOOD Annual Fargo-Moorhead metropolitan flood damages est. $194.8 million 2011 Fargo submitted FEMA claims of $5.9 million. This is not a Federal problem and should not grant federal aid. This is an annual issue that locals need to solve, financed out of their own community for choosing to live in a floodzone silt & clay deposits Army Corps of Engineers flood solutions range:oxbow lake $1,032 - 1,462 million All alternatives consist of a >24 mile ditch often concrete010,000 30,000FT Rochester, MN solved a similar problem with a park0 12 6MI system and limited hard infrastructure for $140boundary_ site water_ river millionmunicipal streamflood_ brkoutbuilt_ channel/levee 50YR manmade water 100YRdrainage ditch 500YR 31. MASS WASTING _riverbank slumping Development >septic install >added weight>water adds weight >increases runoffweakening soils >ground water builds >>>native vegetation removal >>>>vegetation removal HYDROLOGY_DRAINAGE>added weight>deep rooted plant removal >soil saturates with noreduces slope stability plants take water >reduces infiltration >increases rate of runoff>Riverbank begins to slump >>further slumping >>>foundation shifts>>>>foundation cracks>>>>>house removed0 10,00030,000FT0 1 26MIThe stratigraphic relationships of offshore lacustrine Sherack and Brennaboundary_ sitemunicipalFormations cause engineering and environmental geologic problems inwater_ river built_ channel/leveemanmade water combination with hydraulic movement. streamo/l_100YR drainage ditch100YR/aquifer 32. workinglandscape1 acre of established prairie can absorb 9 of rainfall/hr before runoff occurs, and will drainage ditches_cass 31.97DATASTREAM>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>intercept as much as 53 tons of water during a 1-inch per hour rain event (Tallgrassdrainage ditches_clay 1033.09Prairie Restorations, LLC).total135.6 milesIn IL, est. percentage increase in wetland area reduces downstream peak flows 3.7%average flood flows 1.4%. Study of sub-watersheds of the Mississippi River found:deep wetlands reduce flood peaks 1-23%, shallow wetlands 5-9%.classified as threatenedammoniaIn Minnesota, wetland restoration costs range $95 -30,000 per acrebiological oxygen demanddissolved oxygenfecal coliform bacteria. . . restoring the entire acreage of Fargo tosulfate concentrationwetland would cost half as much as the pro- agricultural chemicalsposed diversion Atrazine:average annual use 2.152-9.855 lbs/sq. miTALLGRASS PRAIRIE ECOSYSTEMlethal:750 mg/kg in rabbitsEndosulfan:average annual use 0.26 lbs/sq. milethal: 35 mg/kg in humans(usgs.gov)The United State pays around $20 billion per year insustainable and effective management ofAgricultural subsidies.water resources demands a holistic approach - Wind and flood erosion in the area removes the nu-linking socioeconomic development with thetrient rich black topsoil formed by the prairie fireprotection of natural ecosystems and appropriateregime, requiring increasing dependence on fertiliz-ers, in turn polluting waterways.management links between land and water uses.World Meteorological Organization, 2011 Decaying prairie plants assimilated nutrients and re-turned them to the ground, creating rich, dark soils 33. land use/transport LAND USE & ZONING SCHEMATIC PLAN0 10,00030,000FT0 1 26MIboundary_ sitemunicipal built_ channel/leveewater_ rivermanmade water streamo/l_100YR0 10,000 30,000FT drainage ditch100YR/aquifer0 1 26MI 34. Ru Rural Park System preventative_ highly functional tallgrass prairie wetland ecological parks 1. Wastewater Wetland Park Sub-System 2. West Aquifer Park Sub-System 3. Buffalo Aquifer Park Sub-System 1. Rural to Suburban transition parksSu Suburban Park System mitigative_ neighborhood park with integrated wetland functionsSCHEMATIC ANALYSIS 2. Neighborhood parks 3. Suburban to Urban systemsUr Urban Park System interpretive_ wet tallgrass prairie functions integrated into highly structured spaces1. Urban parks2. Urban river parks0 10,000 30,000FT0 1 26MI 35. UrSuRu grey material green material grey fabric green fabric structure ecology educationalmitigative functionalprocess) (describing process)(programming interpretiveecologicalReniassance Zone aesthetic Great Plains Microsoft aesthetic 36. I-2927TH ST N HWY HWY 9 N 75 NRu Rural Park System preventative_ BROADWAY ST NW highly functional tallgrass prairie wetland ecological parks 1. Wastewater Wetland Park Sub-Systemrve Ri 2. West Aquifer Park Sub-System Ru1sh Ru 3. Buffalo Aquifer Park Sub-System 40 AVE Nr e RiveMapl 28TH AVE NSu Suburban Park System 19 AVE N 12 AVE NE15 AVE NHWY 10 mitigative_ Ur2 neighborhood park with integrated wetland functions MAIN AVE E Ur1 1. Rural to Suburban transition parks13 AVE S12 AVE S 2. Neighborhood parksSu2 3. Suburban to Urban systemsSu1 Su332 AVE S Ru2 60TH AVE S HWY 940 AVE S VETERANS BLVDUr 45 ST Urban Park System 25 ST interpretive_ wet tallgrass prairie functions integrated into highly structured spaces 1. Urban parks I-94 2. Urban river parks I-29 SHEYANNE STHWY 75 SUNIVERSIT Y DR SRu3HWY5 2SAg1boundary_ sitewater_ riverpark_ ruralmunicipalstreamrural < > suburbansuburbanstreet_ arterialtrail_w/ snowmobile trails [Ag a]suburban < > urbanurban160AVE Scollector w/ street/sidewalk [Ag b]localcore red river trailraildrainage ditch 010,000 30,000FTBuffalo Ri Red Rr Wild Ric iver e Rive0 12 6MIyann 37. I-29 27TH ST NHWYHWY 9 N75 NRu Rural Park System preventative_BROADWAY ST NW highly functional tallgrass prairie wetland ecological parks1. Wastewater Wetland Park Sub-System r veRi2. West Aquifer Park Sub-System Ru1 sh Ru3. Buffalo Aquifer Park Sub-System40 AVE N re Rive Mapl 28TH AVE N 19 AVE N 15 AVE N12 AVE NEHWY 10MAIN AVE E13 AVE S 12 AVE S 32 AVE SRu2 60TH AVE SHWY 9 40 AVE SVETERANS BLVD45 ST25 STI-94I-29SHEYANNE ST Ru31 HWY 75 S RURAL PARK ENTRY SIGNAGE (typ.) UNIVERSIT Y DR San.t.s. HW Y52Sboundary_ site water_ riverpark_ ruralmunicipal streamrural < > suburban suburbanstreet_trail_ suburban < > urbanarterialcollector w/ snowmobile trails [Ag a] w/ street/sidewalk [Ag b] urban 160AVE Slocal core red river trailrail drainage ditch 010,00030,000FT Buffalo RiRed R r Wild Ric ivere Rive0 126MI yann 38. 1 Ru 23functionalBuffalo Aquifertallgrass prairie wetland ecological parkspreventative_highly functional ParkPROGRAMwalking/running hunting/fishing/ camping (permitted)dog walkinghikingfield tripsbikinginterpretive educationhorseback ridingresearchcanoeing (water level dependent)kayaking (water level dependent)prescribed burningadaptive managementsnowshoeing CRP integrationcross country skiingnatural resource useice skating flood controlaquifer rechargefestivals (permitted) sustainable energy generation5 RURAL PARK MASTER/SECTION SAMPLEa n.t.s. 39. 1 2 3Ru8 marker details see cutsheet 3b2. soil bedding soil/gravel mix infill geoweb subbase geotextile2GEOWEB TRAIL STRUCTURE (typ.)a1 n.t.s. 40. 1 2 3 1 reinforced poured concrete engraved trail markerdock structure slides verticalRuwith water level along trail marker 3 1/2 corten steel support 4 steel hex blots 1 rebar reinforced poured concrete (to bedrock)4x4 and corten support meet1 concrete base for structuraltrail support at low water levelsfloating dock6-4 resin treated 2x4s & 4x4s1x6 galvanized steel eye bolts1 steel washer1 rebar reinforced poured concrete 6 (to bedrock)1/4 steel cable3FLOATING SUSPENSION BRIDGE (typ.)b1 n.t.s. 41. 123 7 max LED lamp; positively correlated Ru light intensity with wind speed 180x1 diameter (25x1/4 min) carbon fiber reinforced resin poles tapering toward the peak to 2 (1min)poles contain electrodes between piezo-electric ceramic discs. A cable connectsevery other electrode, another cable con-necting the others. When the pole sways,the stack of piezoelectric disks is com-pressed, generating a current through theelectrodes. 20 diameter max concrete chamber UPPER CHAMBERhousing a torque generator convertingthe kinetic energy of poles into electricalenergy with an array of current generatingshock absorbers, using the forced move-ment of fluid through the cylinders.part of the wind energy goes to power aset of pumps that move water from lowerchamber to upper. This acts as a back upgenerator, allowing water from the upperWATER LEVEL (typ.)chamber to flow down to the lower cham-ber, turning the pumps into generators. LOWER CHAMBER4WINDSTALK STRUCTURE CONCEPT (typ.)a1 n.t.s. 42. I-29 27TH ST N HWYHWY 9 N 75 NSu Suburban Park System BROADWAY ST NW mitigative_ neighborhood park with integrated wetland functionsrve1. Rural to Suburban transition parks Rish Ru2. Neighborhood parks3. Suburban to Urban systems 40 AVE Nr e RiveMapl28TH AVE N19 AVE N 15 AVE N 12 AVE NE HWY 10 MAIN AVE E 13 AVE S12 AVE SSu2 Su132 AVE S Su360TH AVE SHWY 940 AVE S VETERANS BLVD 45 ST 25 STI-94 I-29 SHEYANNE ST1SUBURBAN PARK ENTRY SIGNAGE (typ.) HWY 75 SUNIVERSIT Y DR Sbn.t.s. HW Y52S boundary_ site water_ riverpark_ rural municipal streamrural < > suburbansuburban street_ arterial trail_w/ snowmobile trails [Ag a]suburban < > urbanurban 160AVE S collectorw/ street/sidewalk [Ag b] local core red river trail rail drainage ditch010,00030,000FT Buffalo RiRed Rr Wild Riciver e Rive 0 126MIyann 43. Su1 2 3mitigativecantilever bench (4c) cast concrete 2x4 treated wood stainless steel support LED underlighting rock underbedplantingcarbon fiber windstalks (4a)preserved riparian old growthreconstructed wet tallgrass prairieplantingplantingengraved mile markerpreserved riparian old growth red maplereconstructed wet tallgrass prairie red oser dogwood rebar reinforced concrete reconstructed river edge mulch bedrock bed 5YR FLOOD LEVEL10025patterned brick (4b)permeable asphalt trail geoweb groomed trail (ru3a)Suburban Parkwith integrated wetland functionsmitigative_neighborhood park SystemPROGRAM *additional neighborhood ice skatingwalking/runningrequested activitiesbiking festivals/concerts (permitted)childrens play areasinterpretive educationbasketball/tennis/volleyballart and sculpturecourts prescribed burningsoccer/football/baseball fields snowshoeingadaptive management5 SUBURBAN TRAIL SYSTEM (typ.)frisbee golf course cross country skiing stormwater retention/detention b n.t.s.hockey rinksustainable energy generation 44. 46x21/2 steel rock/water bedMemorial Plaza trail design red brick weave w/ tan/blue brick stripshigh albedo aids in snow/ice meltrebar reinforced cast concrete16base x 3 x 21/2 1/4 steel supporting plate6 treated 2x4s 2 CANTILEVER BENCH (typ.)SuLED strip underlightingc n.t.s.1 23 45. I-29 27TH ST N HWYHWY 9 N 75 NUr Urban Park System interpretive_ BROADWAY ST NW wet tallgrass prairie functions integrated into highly structured spaces 1. Urban parksrve Ri 2. Urban river parkssh Ru 40 AVE Nr e RiveMapl28TH AVE N19 AVE N 15 AVE N 12 AVE NE Ur2 HWY 10 MAIN AVE EUr1 13 AVE S12 AVE S32 AVE S60TH AVE SHWY 940 AVE S VETERANS BLVD 45 ST 25 STI-94 I-29 SHEYANNE ST HWY 75 SUNIVERSIT Y DR S1URBAN PARK ENTRY SIGNAGE (typ.)cn.t.s. HW Y52Sboundary_ sitewater_ riverpark_ ruralmunicipalstreamrural < > suburbansuburbanstreet_ arterialtrail_w/ snowmobile trails [Ag a]suburban < > urbanurban 160AVE Scollector w/ street/sidewalk [Ag b]localcore red river trailraildrainage ditch 010,000 30,000FT Buffalo RiRed Rr Wild Riciver e Rive0 12 6MIyann 46. Ur 12interpretive Red River Fire Festival Annual Community Celebration Prairie grasses require burning every 3-5years. With a stratigized staggered approach, prairie burning festi- vals are held annually in celebration of the unique and beautiful Red River prairie landscape. Burning different sectors of the park system every year, creates a civic bonding of the community in an entirely rare and identifying way. These festivals close down the streets of Downtown, creating a pedestrian mall, bringing in markets, music, food, drink, and folly, all in the theme of the Red. Every year, just when the buds of the Sugar Maple be- gin to open, this festival turns a once mournful spring that used to drown the city, into a celebratory jubila- tion of the underlaying ecosystems that serves the community with the utmost function and utility.0 1200 400FT 47. I-2927TH ST N HWY HWY 9 N 75 NRu Rural Park System preventative_ BROADWAY ST NW highly functional tallgrass prairie wetland ecological parks 1. Wastewater Wetland Park Sub-Systemrve Ri 2. West Aquifer Park Sub-System Ru1sh Ru 3. Buffalo Aquifer Park Sub-System 40 AVE Nr e RiveMapl 28TH AVE NSu Suburban Park System 19 AVE N 12 AVE NE15 AVE NHWY 10 mitigative_ Ur2 neighborhood park with integrated wetland functions MAIN AVE E Ur1 1. Rural to Suburban transition parks13 AVE S12 AVE S 2. Neighborhood parksSu2 3. Suburban to Urban systemsSu1 Su332 AVE S Ru2 60TH AVE S HWY 940 AVE S VETERANS BLVDUr 45 ST Urban Park System 25 ST interpretive_ wet tallgrass prairie functions integrated into highly structured spaces 1. Urban parks I-94 2. Urban river parks I-29 SHEYANNE STHWY 75 SUNIVERSIT Y DR SRu3HWY5 2SAg1boundary_ sitewater_ riverpark_ ruralmunicipalstreamrural < > suburbansuburbanstreet_ arterialtrail_w/ snowmobile trails [Ag a]suburban < > urbanurban160AVE Scollector w/ street/sidewalk [Ag b]localcore red river trailraildrainage ditch 010,000 30,000FTBuffalo Ri Red Rr Wild Ric iver e Rive0 12 6MIyann 48. problemstatement What if a connected system of landscape infrastructure, a working landscape, could enhance ecological functioning to serve as a civic asset rather than an environmental liability? Success on any major scale requires you to accept responsibility . . . . In the final analysis, the one quality that all successful people haveis the ability to take on responsibility.Michael Korda Editor-in-Cheif, Simon & SchusterBeing responsible sometimes means pissing people off.General Colin Powell 49. UrSuRu NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY | MAY 2012Department of Landscape Architecture | dominic fischer [email protected]