Aprilis Aprilis THIC Meeting, Louisville CO 22-23 JUL 03 Holography: The 4th-Generation Optical Storage Technology Daniel H. Raguin, Aprilis, Inc. 5 Clock Tower Place, Suite 200, Maynard, MA, 01754-2530 Phone: 978-450-1047 FAX: 978-450-1020 E-mail: [email protected]Presented at the THIC Meeting at the STK Bldg 8 Auditorium, 1 Storage Tek Dr, Louisville CO 80027-9451 July 22 - 23, 2003
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AprilisAprilis THIC Meeting, Louisville CO 22-23 JUL 03
Holography: The 4th-Generation Optical Storage Technology
Daniel H. Raguin, Aprilis, Inc.5 Clock Tower Place, Suite 200, Maynard, MA, 01754-2530
Our business focus is the development of media and optical drive technology for Holographic Data Storage
AprilisAprilis THIC Meeting, Louisville CO 22-23 JUL 03
Aprilis, Inc. HistoryAprilis, Inc. HistoryAprilis, Inc. HistoryJune 1999 – Company operations begun• Acquired rights to Polaroid holographic technology
November 2000• Demonstrated recording at >1 Gbps in at Stanford University•• Feasibility Demonstrated: 10 Feasibility Demonstrated: 10 GbitsGbits per secper sec
October 2001• Dow Corning becomes a leading investor/strategic partner
October 2002• Initiated shipments of standard disk and card media samples
November 2002• Acquired 21 holographic storage patents (Tamarack Storage Devices)
December 2002• Demonstration of greater than 100 Gbits/in2 in Aprilis CROP photopolymer
February 2003• Acquired 14 holographic storage patents (Holoplex, Caltech)
AprilisAprilis THIC Meeting, Louisville CO 22-23 JUL 03
21 Tamarack Patents – Aprilis acquisitioncovering basic holographic drive and servo implementations
51 total as of 7/21/03
Key fundamental patents with priority dates as early as 1993
AprilisAprilis THIC Meeting, Louisville CO 22-23 JUL 03
Roadmap for Optical Data Storage DevicesRoadmap for Optical Data Storage DevicesRoadmap for Optical Data Storage Devices
CD (0.7)CD (0.7)DVDDVD--5 (4.7)5 (4.7)
DVDDVD--9 (8.7)9 (8.7)
BlueBlue--ray, UDOray, UDO(23(23--30)30)
DVD BlueDVD Blue--5050(50)(50)
TimeTime
Capacity (GB)Capacity (GB)DHD DHD –– Red (15Red (15--120 GB)120 GB)
DHD DHD –– Blue (1000+ GB)Blue (1000+ GB)
DHD DHD –– Green (150Green (150--800 GB)800 GB)
1982 1995 2003 2005 2010
Holographic Storage Technology
AprilisAprilis THIC Meeting, Louisville CO 22-23 JUL 03
Holographic Storage Provides Higher Capacity and PerformanceHolographic Storage Provides Higher Holographic Storage Provides Higher Capacity and PerformanceCapacity and Performance
Data Transfer Rate, MB/sec
Storage Capacity per Cartridge (GB)
HIGH
LOWDVD-RAM
M/O
DLT
IBM Tapes
LTO, S-DLT
1 10 100 1,000
1,000
100
10
1
AprilisAprilis THIC Meeting, Louisville CO 22-23 JUL 03
Advantages of Holographic Data StorageAdvantages of Holographic Data StorageAdvantages of Holographic Data StorageHigh Capacity removable media• 200 GB to >1 TB per 130mm disk• Higher densities allow for compact high-capacity media
• 100 GB on a business cardHigh Performance• 100’s of MB/sec• Random access
Low-Cost Media ($0.1 to $0.01/GB)• High-quality photopolymers• Significant cost reductions over tape cartridge since only media in
cartridgeArchival Media• >50 yrs data lifetimes (Aprilis media)• Robust (can withstand mechanical shocks)• No head crashes (mm-type separations between media and optics)
Hardware Data Encryption• Ex. 256x256 bit code encryption of holographic media
AprilisAprilis THIC Meeting, Louisville CO 22-23 JUL 03
Why Now?Why Now?Why Now?
CMOS Sensors
Lasers
Liquid Crystal Displays
••Holographic Storage Enabled by Consumer TechnologiesHolographic Storage Enabled by Consumer Technologies
AprilisAprilis THIC Meeting, Louisville CO 22-23 JUL 03
•Low shrinkage (ring opening compensates for shrinkage induced by polymerization)
Polynuclear aromatic photosensitizing dyes•Designed to sensitize media to a particular laser wavelength
•Ex. 655 nm, 532 nm, 405 nm
AprilisAprilis THIC Meeting, Louisville CO 22-23 JUL 03
Aprilis Media FormatAprilis Media FormatAprilis Media FormatDisks or Coupons• Equipment for automated assembly of both formats• Dow-Corning as strategic partner to mass produce chemicals required
Glass or plastic substrates sandwiching Aprilis photopolymer
Disks: 120 mm, 130 mm ODCoupons: 30 to 50 mm squares
Thickness of Aprilis photopolymer determines storage capacity• Higher Bragg selectivity – smaller ∆θ required to address new data page• Demonstrated 100 Gb/in2 in only 400 µm thick layer
AprilisAprilis THIC Meeting, Louisville CO 22-23 JUL 03
Plane Wave Test BedPlane Wave Test BedPlane Wave Test Bed
Laser, λ1
Shutter
Rotary λ/2 waveplate
P-polarizationS-polarization
Rotary λ/2 waveplate
Collimating Lens
Objective Lens
Spatial Filter
S-polarization
Polarization Beamsplitter
M1
M2
M3
M4
Rotary stage (angle multiplexing)
Rotary stage (peristrophic multiplexing)
Aprilis photopolymer media
Detector, D1
Monitor beam, λ2
Detector, D0Detector, D2
Shutter
Media testing (M/#, shrinkage, sensitivity, etc.)Record typically 300-2000 co-locational plane-wave holograms
AprilisAprilis THIC Meeting, Louisville CO 22-23 JUL 03
Recording Sensitivity (cm/mJ) and Grating Strength versus Cumulative Recording Fluence (mJ/cm2) for Type C Formulation
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Cumulative Fluence
Sens
itivi
ty
Sensitivity Grating Strength
Media processed for <0.1% shrinkage
AprilisAprilis THIC Meeting, Louisville CO 22-23 JUL 03
Aprilis Media PerformanceAprilis Media PerformanceAprilis Media Performance
No post-processing of media required• Dry chemistry
Low absorbance after recording (media “bleaches”)• αL < 0.005
Lowest scatter of any holographic media (as measured by IBM during PRISM program)• < 7·10-7 srad-1 µm -1
High ∆n• Up to 0.001
High recording sensitivityLow shrinkage (<0.1%)
AprilisAprilis THIC Meeting, Louisville CO 22-23 JUL 03
Media Shelf-LifeMedia ShelfMedia Shelf--LifeLifeMedia stored 0-7 months before recording holograms
Recording Sensitivity (cm/mJ) and Grating Stength versus Cumulative Recording Fluence (mJ/cm2) for ULSH-500- 7A [200 micron thickness ] at 0, 4, and 7 Months After Initial
Preconditioning Treatment for Co-locationally Multiplexed Plane-wave Holograms
••Sequentially Recorded CoSequentially Recorded Co--locationallylocationally Multiplexed 512 x 512 Data PagesMultiplexed 512 x 512 Data Pages••Raw Pixel error rate before equalization or ECC appliedRaw Pixel error rate before equalization or ECC applied
Raw Pixel Error rate for different holographic data storage densities
Threshold Algorithm 2
Raw
Pix
el E
rror
Rat
e
Threshold Algorithm 1
Threshold Algorithm 2
AprilisAprilis THIC Meeting, Louisville CO 22-23 JUL 03
• Random access, removable storage• Volume storage rather than surface storage as with DVD• 200 GB to >1 TB in removable 130 mm format• Data rates of 100’s of MB/sec
Photopolymers ideal materials for Holographic Storage• Low-cost material ($0.1 to $0.01/GB)• Various form factors (disk, card, etc.)
Aprilis media• Low Scatter: < 7·10-7 srad-1 µm -1• Low Absorbance After Recording: αL < 0.005 (bleaching)• High recording sensitivity with low shrinkage (<0.1%) • Demonstration of 100 Gb/in2 in only 400 µm thick media
• Highest density demonstrated in photopolymer of any thickness• Material composition tuned to wavelength of operation• Media Stability
• Pre-recorded Shelf Life >1 year • Archivability: Accelerated aging ~50 years
AprilisAprilis THIC Meeting, Louisville CO 22-23 JUL 03
Summary (2)Summary (2)Summary (2)Basic Manufacturing infrastructure in place• Leverage off of existing products• Miniaturized optical pickups and servos – DVD and CD drives• LC Displays – Computer and Digital cameras• CCD arrays – Digital cameras and machine vision products
Aprilis VulcanTM Drive program• Fundamental IP for Holographic
Process & Architecture• 5 ¼” full-height drive• 5 ¼” media cartridges (200 GB
Capacity)• 75 MB/sec in 1st Gen.• 2005 – Product for Enterprise Storage• 2008 to 2010 – Product for Consumer