Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 5 Shier Butler Lewis Tissues Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction.

Hole’s HumanAnatomy and Physiology

Chapter 5

Shier Butler Lewis

Tissues

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 5-1

Chapter 5Tissues

Four major tissue types

1. ___________2. ___________3. Muscle4. ___________

5-2

Epithelial Tissues

General characteristics -

• _____________ and the body• line body cavities• ___________ organs• have a free surface• have a ___________________• ____________• cells __________________• cells ___________________• cells often have _______________• function in _________, secretion, absorption, and excretion• classified according to cell shape and number of cell layers

5-3

Epithelial Tissues

Simple squamous –• _____________________• substances pass easily through• line _________• line __________ vessels• line lymphatic vessels

Simple cuboidal –• single layer of cube-shaped cells• line _______________• cover ________• line ducts of some glands

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Epithelial Tissues

Simple columnar –• single layer of __________ cells• sometimes possess _____• sometimes possess __________• often have goblet cells• line uterus, _________, intestines

Pseudostratified columnar –• single layer of elongated cells• appear striated• often have cilia• often have __________• line ____________ passageways

5-5

Epithelial Tissues

Stratified squamous – • many cell layers• top cells are ______• can accumulate _______• _________________• line oral cavity, throat, vagina, and anal canal

Stratified cuboidal – • ___________• cube-shaped cells• line ducts of ________ glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and the _________

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Epithelial Tissues

Stratified columnar –• top layer of elongated cells• ____________ cells in deeper layers• line __________, male urethra, and part of _________

Transitional –• many cell layers• _________ and elongated cells• line _______________, ureters, and part of urethra

5-7

Glandular Epithelium

Composed of cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances

___________ glands are ductlessExocrine glands have ______

_____________ exocrine gland • composed of ________ • goblet cell

______________ exocrine gland • composed of many cells• sweat glands, salivary glands, etc.

5-8

Structural Types of Exocrine Glands

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Types of Glandular Secretions

Merocrine glands • fluid product• _________ glands• _________• sweat glands

Apocrine glands • cellular product• portions of cells• mammary glands• _____________ glands

Holocrine glands• secretory products• __________• sebaceous glands

5-10

Connective Tissues

General characteristics -

• most abundant tissue type• many functions

• bind structures• provide ______________________• serve as frameworks• fill spaces• ___________• produce __________• protect against __________• help repair tissue damage

• have a matrix• have varying degrees of vascularity• have cells that usually divide 5-11

Connective Tissue Major Cell Types

Fibroblasts• fixed cell• _____________ cell • large, star-shaped• produce ________

Macrophages• wandering cell• ___________• important in defense

Mast cells• fixed cell• release ________• release __________

5-12

Connective Tissue Fibers

Collagenous fibers• thick• composed of collagen• great __________strength • abundant in dense CT• hold structures together• _______, ___________

Elastic fibers• bundles of microfibrils embedded in elastin• fibers branch• ________• __________, air passages

Reticular fibers• very thin collagenous fibers• highly branched• form supportive networks 5-13

Connective Tissues

Connective tissue proper• loose connective tissue• ______________• reticular connective tissue• _________ connective tissue• ________ connective tissue

Specialized connective tissue• _________• ________• _______

5-14

Connective Tissues

Loose connective tissue• mainly _____________• fluid to gel-like matrix• collagenous fibers• _____________• bind skin to structures• beneath most epithelia• between _________

Adipose tissue• __________• cushions• insulates• ____________• beneath skin• _____________• around _________ and ______

5-15

Connective Tissues

Reticular connective tissue• composed of reticular fibers• supports• walls of _______, ______, lymphatic organs

Dense connective tissue• packed collagenous fibers• _____________• few fibroblasts• bind body parts together• ________, ligaments, dermis• poor blood supply

5-16

Connective Tissues

Elastic connective tissue• abundant in elastic fibers• some collagenous fibers• ____________• attachments between _________• walls of large arteries, ________, ______

Bone• solid matrix• __________• ____________• forms blood cells• attachment for muscles• skeleton• __________ in _______

5-17

Connective Tissues

Cartilage• rigid matrix• chondrocytes in lacunae• __________________• three types

• _________• ________• fibrocartilage

Hyaline cartilage• most abundant• ends of ________• _____, respiratory passages• __________________

Elastic cartilage• flexible• ____________, ________

Fibrocartilage• very tough• _____________• ____________________• pads of knee and pelvic girdle

5-18

Connective Tissues

Three types of cartilage

5-19

Connective Tissues

Blood• fluid matrix called ______• _____ blood cells• ______ blood cells• platelets• __________• ________• clotting• throughout body in blood vessels• heart

5-20

Muscle Tissues

General characteristics• muscle cells called muscle fibers• contractile• three types

• ________• ________• ________

Skeletal muscle• attached to bones• ________• __________

Smooth muscle• walls of organs• skin• _____________________• involuntary• _____________

Cardiac muscle • heart wall• ____________• ________• intercalated discs 5-21

Muscle Tissues

5-22

Nervous Tissues

• found in brain, spinal cord, and ___________________

• basic cells are neurons

• __________ cells are supporting cells

• __________ reception

• conduction of nerve impulses

5-23

Types of Epithelial Membranes

Serous• line body cavities that _____ openings to outside• ____________• inner lining of thorax and abdomen• cover organs of thorax and abdomen• secrete serous fluid

Mucous• line tubes and organs that ____ to outside world• lining of ______, nose, throat, etc.• secrete mucus

Cutaneous• __________• skin

5-24

Clinical Application

Collagen Disorders

Chondrodysplasia• collagen chains too wide• stunted growth• _________________

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa• breakdown of collagen that attaches skin layers• _____________ skin• lax joints

Hereditary osteoarthritis• change in amino acid in collagen• painful joints

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