Ho`oponopono – “To Make Right” A Radar Calibration CubeSat University of Hawaii August 9, 2011 Larry K. Martin*, Nicholas G. Fisher*, Windell H. Jones, John G. Furumo, James R. Ah Heong Jr., Monica M. L. Umeda, and Wayne A. Shiroma 8/9/2011 1 25th Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites
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Ho oponopono – “To Make Right” A Radar Calibration CubeSat
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Ho`oponopono – “To Make Right”
A Radar Calibration CubeSat University of Hawaii
August 9, 2011
Larry K. Martin*, Nicholas G. Fisher*, Windell H. Jones, John G. Furumo, James R. Ah Heong Jr.,
Monica M. L. Umeda, and Wayne A. Shiroma
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Motivation
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• Tracking objects over U.S. territories has been and will continue to be a major concern related to our national security. • To ensure accurate tracking, radar stations must be calibrated using known, calibrated objects.
AN/TPQ-18 Radar
Motivation
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RADCAL Satellite
• Current RADCAL satellite benefits a very large community - Joint need from many beneficiaries - 13 Tri-Service Agencies (Air Force, Army, Navy), NASA and
International Major Range Organizations, 109 Radars, and 80+ User programs
Motivation
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Ho`oponopono CubeSat
• CubeSat implementation - 89 kg vs ~3.5 kg - $10M vs $110K - Launch practicality
Mission Transponder Operation Diagram
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Interrogation Request Interrogation Schedule
Ground Station
C-Band Radar Stations
VAFB RADCAL Coordinator
Radar Interrogation Uplink: Schedule
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Ground Station
C-Band Radar Stations
VAFB RADCAL Coordinator
Downlink: GPS Data
GPS Data Collection
Mission Operation Diagram for Ephemeris Data
Raw GPS Data
NGA GPS Data
Processing Center
Internet
Mission Overview
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Mission Statement: Provide orbital radar calibration support to the Air Force by collecting and disseminating ephemeris data in response to radar interrogations.
Primary Mission Objectives: • Demonstrate capability to collect ephemeris data with an accuracy of at least 5
meters. • Provide up to 5 transponder activations per day every day for 1 year.
Major Payload Instruments: • Herley MD2000C-1 Transponder Unit (VAFB GFE) • C-band Quadrifilar Helix Transponder Antenna (VAFB GFE) • NovAtel OEMV-2-L1L2-F GPS Unit (VAFB GFE) • Antcom 1.9G1215A-XSO-2 Antenna
Our CubeSat RADCAL solution is the first of its kind…
a solution that meets a critical operational need.
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Patch Antenna
Solar Panel
Battery Box
Transponder
Transponder Antenna
Sun Sensors
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Zenith Sun
Sensor
GPS Antenna
Separation Switch
GG End Mass
Transponder Antenna
Solar Panel
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System Block Diagram
Future Launch
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• Ho`oponopono selected by NASA to fly as auxiliary cargo onboard rockets planned to launch in 2011 and 2012
• Granted through Educational Launch of Nanosatellites Program • Tentatively manifested for September 2012 launch • Part of Commercial Resupply Services 3 payload • Launch vehicle: SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket • Launch parameters: - 325-km altitude - Elliptical orbit - 51° ± 2° inclination
Special Thanks
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We would like to express our deepest gratitude to the following organizations for their support of Ho`oponopono over the years:
• Air Force University Nanosat Program • NASA Educational Launch of Nanosatellites Program • InDyne/WROCI • Vandenberg Air Force Base 30th Space Wing • Northrop Grumman Corporation • Naval Postgraduate School • The Boeing Company • Cal Poly San Luis Obispo Satellite Program • University of Michigan Satellite Program
Mahalo! Questions?
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BACKUP SLIDES
Transponder-based Radar
• Distinct from traditional “skin” radar
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• Provides “point tracking source”
• Code spacing utilized
• Coherent/Non-coherent
• 1/R2 power attenuation
• Accuracy of ≤ 5 m
• Frequencies of operation are transponder defined
System Bus Architecture
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PLD COM EPS
Power Bus: +3.3V, +5V, and raw battery
Power Management I2C BusCSI System Bus
Charger
Sol
ar C
ells
Battery Monitor
RA
W
+3.3V
+5V
On-OffSwitch
Transponder
On-OffSwitch
On-OffSwitch
Radio
COMµC
+28V
GPS
On-OffSwitch
EPSµC
+3.3
V
+3.3
V
+5V
Battery
RA
W
+3.3
V
+3.3V
+5V
I/O Expander
I/O Expander
Beacon
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