Hll ill - Stacks are the Stanford

International Court of Justice

IMT Nuremberg Archives

H-191

Hll illH 191 -0001

29 JuJ LJ G 1-1H0191 -0002

Officicl Tren script of tho Intornctioncl —Llitery Tribunal in tho mc.ttor of Tho Uniood Stct. of -oricc, tho Ironch Ropullic, tho -nioc Kip.. 01 of G20c.t Dr ltain cn Herthorn -rond, on tho Union of Soviet Sociclist Ho public s cgainst llormenn Wilholm Goorinp ct c1, Dofoncnts, sitting at lummborc, Gorcny, on 29 Ju !y 1946, 1000-1700, Lord Justice Lcvrronco prosiciing.

THE -SLD.IIT: I co.l1 on the Chief Prcsocutor of the

Provisionc.l Gt vornnont of the hopulic of Trenco, 17, Chhcpotior

de Iibos.

K. CILIPETIER DE HIDES: Dr. Pro side nt, Gontlonon Defare

prosonting the final speech of the Trench Public Prosecutor, I

nust ask tlo Tribunal's permission to' express the . Cmirntion

end tlonles ci r country for the objoctivitytnd tho serenity

witl. vlcl thoco trials havo ' oon conducted.

For tho last nino nonths noro than fifteen years of history

have oon evoked ct this bar. Cornany’s archives, these tho

-i 2is x oro unc lo to ..■urn ofcro their defeat, havo yielded us

theim socrots. co ha vo hue.rd numorous witnesses, whoso rocol-

lections would hevo boon lost to history but for the present

trial.

all the facts hevo boon submitted with the strictest

objectivity, leaving no room for passion nor even for sons!" ility.

The Court ins excluded from the lobate anything that, in

its opinion, seemed insufficiently demons tretoa, anything that

might h V e ppoaroc. .tie to tod y a spirit of vencomnco.

For tho interesting point of those trials is above all

that of historical truth. Thanks to them, tho historian of tho

future, as well as the chronicler of today, will mow tho truth

-hout uno political, Ciplomtic end nilitcry events of tho mes t

tragic period of our history- he will know the crimes of Nazism

• s well as the hositoncios, tho woclmnossos, the emissions of

the pacific Clonocrtcios. Ho will lmnov that the result of

twenty contuses of civilization, which boliovod itsolf to be «otornc.1, nocrl3 collcpsod .before the ronowod onslcucht of a. now

form of th o anciont barorisn, all the more savoge for boinc

mere scientific.14534

29 Tuly E6-1-1-2 IlllIIIIIIIlIIIIlIIIIHO191 -0003

—o will lmnov thet tochniccl progross, th..t ho ncCorn

nouns of propog.ndc, the. tho devilish processes c? r. police

dofyine the most olonont. ry rules of humcnity, 1c.vo onc"lod c

Smc-11 mincrity of crininals to distort within c fov years the

colloctlvo conscience cf c. groct people, en. to trensfom the

notion of “ootho, of -n, cf Solc.s6c buch, into that of

hitler, of Hizmlor cn.\ of Goobbols, to nontion only tho locd.

ho will mow ohc crmo of tl oso men has con to hcvo con-

coivo... the most icentic pirn of worlC cmnation and to hovo

wishod to realize it T '.11 ond every nocns. --y every moans,

that is to se3 vithout a loubt by the rocl-ing of the civen

word an., by the unleashing of the very worst kind of wer cf

c.ccrossion, ut port iculorly By tie no the Ciccl, scientific

oxtorminction of nllions of hhumen cings en socificn7 1- of

cortcin nctionc.1 or roligicus yroups, the existence -f which

horporod the hogomony of the demonic r..cc,

—his cri:o is so monstrous, so unlmovn in history up to

tho . ir l. of Hitlorisn, that the noologisn of " gonocidol he.C

to bo croc.tod to Co ino it, thot it required an cccuulotion

of documents nd testimonies to mal:o it bolicvcblo,

-ct, to the shc.mo of the times we live in, this criio

vo.s posciblo, the perfect collcbor: tion of the four Public

Prosocutors hr.s pomittoC the proof to be civen, ena, within

tl e linius ex the counts of the indictment she reserved for

hex soli, -ronco 0liovos she hr.s done her port in the common tr.sk

while tho dofondents end their defense .omsols hovo spoken

much oforo tho Tri unal rogorling the protection which the

innocent civilicn population is entitled to, c.s cf nn obvious

principle, it has been established by us that the defendants

hevo dolioratoly violated this principle by treating these

civilian populations with utter disrogar. for human life. is

it nocosscry to evoke tho terrible sentence pronounced by the

defendant Koitol "human life is worth less than nothing in the

occupio territories."13435

29 •uly H LJG 1-3HO191 -0004

RonowinG C. troclition which syolizos the mcst prinitivo

practices of wcrero, tho Jlofondents roinstoto. tlo syston of

hostecos. Thoy put tloir signc.curos to conor .1 orlors to

c ptvro and oxocuto thousands of mortyrs. In France alono

29,000 he str. jos wero shot. Wo lmnow hnt the Tightors of the

resistance, wlio so pntriotism is now ong cCmiroc Ly tho

‘ 01 onCents, hcve boon seccroc, boruro, internod fop the

purpose of thoir slow oxtcrminntion; bhc.t, vnlor tho protoxt c

reprisals, by the carrying cut of orders or By tho c emitting

of individual cruelties whicl were covered ' • the complicity

of the authorities, civilians chosen csolutoly .t rencn heve

coon onocuto., ol.ct entire villages were burnt Covn: Opc.cour-

sur-clenc, —cllo in — renco, Puoton in Lollen. chvo not yet

risen from their ruins.

Wo all have in mind the atrocious orders issued in tho

opor tion. -1 sector of 1rshc.1 Icssolrinc to cozbet ortisen

c.ctivit3 3 terror. 1/o sc.w thoro ono officer crier a.s c. roprscl

the elocution of fifty, cf ono hundred, r oven of .11 the mon

cf rocion as c. reply to isolc.tol . .cts directed .goinst tlo

German orr. 10 c.rryinc cut of th t order was cuthorizoc

er the csis of instructions y tho cormendor of the theater

of operations, who hinsolf acted an noro conorc.l instructions

issued y the Cofonent Koitol. This onwnplo illustr: tos the

porfoct collobcrction ch tho lIction:1 Sociclist Cadre and the

State and ploncs, if it is still nocoss ry, for the joint

rospcnsibility of tho loadin*' porsonrlitios cf tho rogino.

he knew that thousands of non h.vo boon torn cvoy from

thoir hom0s end zeroed to produce ars .. cinst their ar n country.

-ho ead troctmont pi von to the soldiers hurt us even

noro, because Corny, bo it the traditional Go many, tho Nazi

GormenJ in power, or the sano Gormeny nov prosonting the poor

orgunont cf its defense in the prisoners’ decks, bes always

clci ed to ..dhore to the universal rules cf milit ry honor and

to the respect duo to all soldiers 14536 nd, in spito of this, we

29 July 11 LJG L-4 HO191 -0005

hcve soon ~oitol hmsel£, the chcmpion of’those os.s to a

point tl.c.6 ho brcucht it up cgan ct the conclusion of his

tostimon in the witness box, urgo the MGlholmstr .sso end the

CC --of onCcnt Gooring to c.pprovo his crllncl propositions

concorin, the troctmont of c.victors who fell into their hencs.

Docuents like the tesulmicny of Grunnor n.cmit of no doubt

thct tie c:inc.1 orders to ezctornc.to and. lynch avictors

had oon issued in the rogulo.r m0nnor cnc boon transmitted to

the o. 3 one io s charred with thoir execution.

^o doubt is possible as to the principles involved in the

drawing of the order concernin ’ the ccien.cs, nor r.s to the

execution of this order in iho various thoctors of operations.

T o Prosecution has furnished o. striking collection of evidence

on this point.

Our concern bec.no even stronger vh.on wo acquiro the

certitude that cruel orders had boon issued to execute or

intorn for the purpose of their oxtorinction mon who had

c.lpoc0y boon reduced to a state cf helplessness by their

detention in a prisoner of war ccup.

14537

29 July-][-M-2.1 Cumolett

HO191 -0006

"e have in mind the sinister affair . f Sa an, often evoked in the cour-

se - this trial. The defendants themselves attompt only to evade their

personal responsibility without denyin- the atrocity nr the truth f the

f ctsa „e have sh wn how the rofractry escaped officers and non-commissionet

fficers, whose past records and attitude demonstrated their moral f rce, had

been exterminated by the "action" Kuzel.

Finally > Nazi Germany has unviled her plan f expansion and world

domintionby systematically orranizin. the extermination f the populations

Whose territories she occupied.

This acti n wra.s carried out at first, as we have proved, b/ the politi­

cal economic and noral destruction of the occupied c untries. The means used

for that 1 ur ose were the brutal or ralual seizure of soverei nty, or the

carefully worked out interference of the German auth ri ties in all domains,

the creation an., implacable execution of a program f economic ill ao a in

r er to achieve the exhaustion f the occu] ied c ountry and to put it at the

absolute mercy of the occupant, an. as a result the Nazification of the State

an the people, topether, with the desturction of cultural and moral values,

dut this methodical extermination was also carried out in the material

domain of the systematic massacring of people.

Is it necessary to evoke the igantic extermination f roups su po-

sedlJ im ssible of assimilation with the Nati nalS cialis t wor, the

immense rave yard of the concentration camps, where 15,000,000 people

perished, the abominahle achievements of the "Einstz ru pen" ( roups for

special commitnnt) described with irrefutable exactness by General Ohlendorf

e think we have also established the proof of th se pernicious exter-

minati n attempts wh:ch upon .. ... -nati n, rove to be one f the most perfect

expressions of the policy follovred by the cef endants. I am referrin: to the

deli erate under-nourishment to which these nen-Germans vrere subjected wh

fell under Nazi authority unler whatever circumstance entire nations starved

ut in re; ri sals, civilians in occupied territories ruthlessly rati ned in

the framework of the illae of the territory. The Tribunal recalls vhat

G erin, says to the Gauleiters, Number 170 USSR, "It is absolutely immaterial

to me if you tell me that your people are c ollapsin for hun er,

14538

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29 •uy—1--2-2 Cmoletti

Lot then collapse, S3 ion. as no German starves." And a. ain with reference

to Holland 8 "It is net our mission to feed a nation which spiritually re­

jects usa if its people are so weak that they carin t as much as raise a

han . where they are not employed to work for us, so much the better...1'

Famine, „hysiolo. ical nisery and the resultin reduction f vital

potential, all this, as well as the slew exhaustion of political internees

aid 1 ris oners-of-war, is included in the plan f extermination of populations

t. clear German vit l space.

—he same idea poverns the detention in captivity or semi-captivity

in the case of labor dep rtes, of youn healthy men wh se presence at home

was necessary to the future f the country.

All this has been ccnfirmned to us by the latest census results.

These reveal to us that every German ccupied c untry has recistered

a decrease in population of 5 Uo 5 % whereas Germany is the only country

in Euroge which shows an increase in populati n.

lie have proved all these crimes. After the sulmission of our documents

tie hcarin f the witnesses, after the pr jecti n f films which the defen­

dants themselves could n t behold without a shudder f h.rr r, nobody in

the world can _ ossi ly claim that the exterminati n cams, the executed pri-

soners, the slau htered p pulsti ns, the mounds of c rpses, the human herds

maimed in flesh an soul, the instruments of t rture, -as chambers and c re-

amtiries, that all these crimes existed only in the ima ination f anti-German

prope andists.

In.cec » n ne f the dlefencants have challenged the truth f the facts

we have re orte’. Since they cannot deny them, they merely try t: clear

their res onsil ility by burdenin: the memory f th se f their accomplices wh

committed s uicide.

"Ne knew nothin.- of th _ rs”, the say, or uain :"we did every-

thin. Te c ,1< to prevent them but Hitler, wh vas all-powerful, commanded

an., did. n t allow lisobedience r even rosination fr m office".

..hat a ppor defense 1 Whom can they possibly persuade that they alone

were 1 n -rance f that which the wh le w rid knew and that their monit rin ,

stati ns never reported to themn the solemn warnin s which the heads f the

United nations cave to the war criminals by radio.11,539

29 July-M-MB-2-3 Cumoletti

They could not disobey Hitler’s rders, they could not even resign

from office ? Indeed 8 Hitler could doubtless : vern their bodies but not

their minds; by disobeyin they would perhas have 1 st their lives but tht

would have saved their honor at least. C wardice has never been an excuse,

nor even an extenuatin. circumstance.

The truth is that all knew perfectly -from having taken part at its

elaboration- the doctrines of National S' cialism and its will for universal

domination, that they well knew to what monstr us crimes it led its adepts

and its performers with Cisastrous results, that they had accepted its res- v l-onsibilities as they profited by the material and m ral a vanta es which i

lavished up n them#

But *hcy thoucht themselves sure f immunity because they were certai

of victory, and that before the triumph f force, the question would nt be

asked s was the c ause just ? They persuaded themselves as they had done

after the war of 1912, that no internati onal juris iction could ever pursue

them# They th u ht that rascal’s pessimistic ju ment on human justice in

internati nal rolati ns wroul . always be true Justice is lia le to ar umei

Force is easily rec nizabl with ut ar ument. S • bein unable t make

stron what is ri. ht, ne has made ri ht what is str n

They are mistaken, since Pascal, si. wly but surely, the notion of Vor

and of Justice is born, and has taken shape in the internati nal custom f

civilized nati.ns.

The Court will n doubt remember that in c nclusi .n of its enumerati

of the charges -f the Frosccuti n, the French Prosccuti n has stated precis,

ly the rosponsi ility f all the defen ants, " uilty f havin, in their ca­

pacity of principal Hitlerite leaders f the German people, c nceived, desi

ordered or only tolerated by their silence that murders r ther inhuman ac­

tions be systematically com itted, that vi lence bg systematically exerted

n prisoners-of-war . r civilians, that . evastati n with ut jusiificati n be

systematically c omtitted as a deliberate means f accomplishin their desi :

to Cominate Europe an’. the world by terr r, and to exteminate entire ojLul:

tions, s as t extend the livin space f the German poople,"

IIII1IIIH

HO191 -0008

14540

29 July-N-MB-2-] Cumaletti ........

HO191 -0009

It is only left to us to demonstrate that the debates whicn nave taker

place before you, nave only confirmed and reinf rce the accusations and the

qualifications, that at th. be innin of the proceudin s we already formula

aainst the bi. criminals, whom, in execution f the Charter and to satisfy

the exigencies of Justice the United Nations have deferred to your C urt.

I ask the Tribunal to allow M. bub st to make these statements.

M. DUBOST: I am recallin the facts set forth by the French Dele. ati

This reminder was needed to establish ur contribution to the trial. Te do

not intent, however, to disj in our work frum the wholc work of the trial, r

as results from the expositi ns of the thor three Delerati ns and the deba

it is on the basis f this work as a wh le that we shall procced with our

indictment and examine the pers nal resp nsibility f the defendants.

Reviewin the deeds cherged a: ainst them ne by one, they are f und t

be murder, indie tible theft, and other seri us ffenscs against • ors ns and

their property which are always punishable in civilized countries, M. de

Menthon has in his introcuctory acdress shown this already.

The defendants di'. n t actually commit the crimes, they were satisfic

with rderin. them* in the technical sense f ur French law, they are

therefore accomplices, iakin allowance for certain differences, mostly

differences of form only, in most countries the perpetrat rs f seri us off.

ces and their accomplices are punished by ca ital punishment r very severe

genalties, f reus labor, s litary confinement.

That is the An lo-Sax n practice. This als foil ws in France from applies4

of articles 221 ff, 379 ff, 59 ff of the French renal C de. In Germany

Article 211 punishes homicide. Article 212 murder, Articles 223 to 226 tor-

turos. Article 229 • isonin and. murt or by as. Article 234 covers slavery

subjection to serfdom, inc r oration with a view to military service in a

forei n c cuntry; Articlos 242 an 213 cover theft and ilia ej Article

130 provokin the populati n to violence. The case of accomplices an of

co-ori inators is covured by A„bicles 17 and 49.

Similar arran ements exist in Soviet le islati n.

That, as the leaders of the Reich, as the accomplices of the fuehrer, these

men are all responsible for the crimes perpetrated un er their rule,

14521

29 July-; -]B3-2-5 Cumoletti

H0191 -0010

that before the universal c nscience their responsibility is heavier than

that of the common executioners, two defendants : Frank anc. Schirach have

admitted it :

Frank said :

14542

29 July-M-GES-3-1-Saslaw0011

"I never created extermination camps for Jews. I never favored the

existence of these comps either, but if Adolf Hitler placed this

terrible respohsibility on the shoulders cof his people, this

responsibility rests also on me, for wo fought the Jews for years,

we made all kinds of statements against them.......... "

and these last words of Frank condemn, with him, all those who pursued the

campaign of instigation against the Jews in Germany of elsewhere* Let us

remember Fran’s answer to the question, put to him by his Defense Counsel re­

garding the charges stated in the indictment. It holds good against all the

defendants and still more against those who were closer to Hitler than he was:

"Regarding the charges I will only say this: I request the Tribunal

to decide as to the extent of my culpability at the end of this trial,

but I should lie to say personally that from all that I saw in the

course of these five months of trial, which has given me a general

survey of all the horrible things that have been committed, I feel

thoroughly guilty."

Von Schirach on his part stated:

"Here is my fault for which I am answerable before God and the

German people. I brought up our youth for a man whom in the course

of many long years I considered, as the chief of our country, For

him I trained our youth that considered him as I myself did. It is

my fault for having trained our youth for a man who was an assassin,

who killed millions of people . . . Any German vho after Auschwitz

still adheres to the social policy is guilty... I consider it my

duty to say so".

Such cries of conscience wcro rare in the course of this trial and more

frequently, copying Goering’s quibbing vanity, the defendants tried to justify

themselves in the name of a policy of Neo-Machiavellism which would free the

loaders of the State of all personal responsibility. Let us note only that no

such provisions are made anywhere in the laws in any of the civilized countries,

and that on the contrary the arbitrary and aggresive acts aimed at individual

liberty, at Civic rights or at the constitution are more severely punished14543

29 July-M- GES- 3—2-; Saslaw HO191 -0012

when they hnve been committed by a public functionary, a Government official

of higher ronk, and that the severest punishment is meted out to the Ministers

themselves (Article 114 and 115 of the French Penal Code).

But let us limit ourselves on this point, Our only aim is to recall that

the main facts charged against the defendants may be analysed separately as

violations of the criminal laws of any one of the positive internal laws of c1,

civilized countries, or else of that common internation law which M. de Menthon

has already interpreted and which has been submitted hero as the root of inter-

national custom, and that thus the punishment of each of those facts is not with*

out a foundation, but that on the contrary, even restricting one’s self to this

analybical preview, the gravest penalties have already been incurred.

It is, however, necessary to go beyond that, for while it does not omit

any culpable fact as such, the analysis of the defendant’s guilt in the light

of internal laws is only a first approximation which vould enable us to pro­

secute the defendants merely as accomplices and not as principal perpetrators.

And wo arc anxious to demonstrate that indeed they were the principal culprits.

Ie hope to succeed in this by developing the following three propositions:

1 .) The acts of the defendants are the elements of a criminal political

plan.

2 . ) The coordination of the various departments which were headed by

these men implies a close cooperation between them for the realization of

their criminal policy.

3 a) They must be judged as acting in behalf of this criminal policy.

THE ACTS OF THE DEFENDANTS ARE THE ELE^WTS OF A

CRIMINAL POLITICAL PLAN.

Thc defendants have practised widely different activities. As

politicians, diplomats, soldiers, sailors, economists, financeers, jurists, or

propagandists, they reprosent practically all the forms of liberal activity,

"ithout any hesitation, howovor, one is able to recognize the tic that binds

them, together. All have placed the best — or the worst of themselves — at the

service of the Hitlerite State. To a certain extent they represent the brains

Oi that state. By themselves alone they did not represent it entirely.

14544

29 July-M-GES-3-3- Snslaw1 -0013

Nevertheless, nobody can doubt that they were an important part of it. They

conceived the policy of that state. They wanted their thought to become action

and all in scarcely differing degrees have contributed toward its realization.

Tais is true whether it applies to Hess, to Goering, professional politicians

who admit never having practised any other profession than that of agitator or

statesman, or to Ribbentrop, to Nourath, to Papon, the diplomats of the regimes,

or to Keitel, to Jodi or Doonitz or Racdor the military men, to Rosenberg, to

Streicher, to Frank, to Frick, the thinkers (if that term can be applied to

them) of the ideology of the system; to Schacht, to Funk, the financiers with­

out whom the system vrould have failed and collapsed before it was able to re-

arm, to jurists like Frank, to publicists and propagandists like Fritzsche, and,

again, Streicher, devoted to the diffusion of the common idea or again to

technicians like Speer or S-.uckel, vithout whom the idea never could have been

developed into action as it has been, to policemen such as Knl+orbrunner who

subdued minds by terror, or simply Gauleiters like Seyss-Inquart, Schirach or,

again, Souckol, administrators, officials of high authority as well as

politicians, who shaped into a concrete whole the common policy conceived for

the sum—total of the State and of party machinery,

I know full well thn.t the shadow of the absent ones tovrors over this

machines, and today’s defendants are alweys reminding us: "Hitler wanted this,

Himmler wanted this, Bormann wanted this", they say. ”I only obeyed", and

their defence counsels stress the point. Hitler the prodigious tyrant, the

fanatic visionary imposing his will ti . on irresistible magnetic power. This

is too simple. This is too sketchy. No man is entirely non-roceptive to

suggestions, to insinuations, to influence, and Hitler could escape that law no

more than any other mon. ‘o have had irrefutable proof of this in all that these

proceedings have permitted us to guess concerning the struggle for influence

which was waged in the "great man’s” entourage. The treacherous, underhanded

slanders were unrolled, the intrigues • hich reminded us at certain time during

the roccedin-s of the small courts of the Italian Renaissance. Everything was

included, even up to murder. Is it not true that Goering, before he himself fell

into disgrace, got rid of Roehm and Ernst, who had not plotted against their 14545

iniiini

29 July-M-GES-3-4-Saslaw HO191-0014

master, but against him, as Giscvius told us. So much imagination such per-

severance in evil, but also such efficiency, show us that Hitler was not in­

sensible to the actions and intrigues of the men around him. VThat n pity that

those intrigues were not trained in the right direction! But of Hitler’s

receptiveness to influences we have direct evidence, and it is given us by

Schacht who thereby apart from those men involves the Gorman masses, the good

sense of which these men had contributed to warp and in which they roused the

worst of passions.

Did not Schacht say of Hitler in Courts

”I believe that in the beginning he did not hnve only evil tendencies

without a doubt he believed he wished only good, but little by little

he became the victim of the charm he exerted over the masses, for he

who begins by seducing the masses is in the end seduced. by them, so

that this relation between chief and disciple helped to lead him into

the erroneous ways of mass instincts, which any political chief

should strive to avoid."

"he.t was then the great idea of them all?

Incontestably it was that of the conquest of vital space by any and all

means, even the most criminal.

At a time when Germany is still disarmed, when prudence is still re­

quired, Schacht, who is on Hitler’s side, asks for colonies; we remember

Hirschfeld's testimony, but he dissembles, he partly disguises the great idea of

the Stcte machine to which he belongs, and this idea we would be less easy in

our mind in denouncing it without the disconcerting artlessness of"the great

man", who ten years previously had revealed the whole of his plans of battle

for all the world to see.

"Mein Kampf" (French text)

"The German people cannot consider its future othcrwiso than as that

of a world power. During nearly two thousand years the steward-

ship of our people’s interest, as we must call our more or less

successful foreign political activity was an integral part of

world history. Jo have even witnessed it; for the gigantic conflict

14546

■■■■H0191 -0015

29 Jyly-M-GES-3-5-Saslaw

"between nations from 1914 to 1918 was nothing else than the

struggle of the Germen people for its existence on the terrestrial

globe and we even call that event the World War. ”The Germen people

went into the fight as a so-called world power. I say ’so-called’

for in reality it was not. If in 1914 -there ha been a different

proportion between its superficial area and the number of its

population, Germany would have been a world power, and, apart from

the other factors might have found a successful issue”...

This is the next quotation:

would rather say this: The claim for the reestablishment of the

frontiers of 1914 is a political insanity through its proportions and

its consequences, which reveal it to be an actual crime, this without

taking into account that the frontiers of the Reich were anything but

logical. In reality they did not include all the men of German

nationality and neither were they more rational from a strategic

point of view. They were not the result of a calculated political

plan, but rather temporary frontiers; in the couse of a struggle by

no means ended, they were even partly the result of a gamble."

The frontiers of the year 1914 have absolutely no value for the future

of the German nation. They constituted neither a safeguard for the past nor a

power for the future. They will not enable the German people

"to maintain its inner unity nor to assure its subsistence. Regarded

from the military point of view, these bounderies appear neither well

chosen nor reassuring and, finally, they cannot improve the situation

in which we actually find ourselves in relation to the other world

powers or to be more correct, in relation to the real world powers."

Here is another quotation:

But we, we other National-Socialists, must hold immovably to the goal

of our foreign policy: to secure for the German people the territory

to which it is entitled in this world. And this is the only action

which before God and before Germany’s future generations justifies the

shedding of blood; before God, because we were placed upon this earth

14547

29 July-M-GES-3-6-Saslaw IllllllIIIIlllIIIIIIlHO191 -0016

"to gain our daily bread through perpetual striving, as crentures to

whom nothing has been given without an equivalent, and who owe their

position as masters of the earth to their intelligence only, and to the

courage with which they know how to conquer it and to conserve it for

our German posterity, provided that the blood of a single German

citizen will not be shed unless this should give to future Germany

thousands of new citizens* The territory upon which the robust

children of generations of German peasants will some day be able

to multiply, will justify the sacrifice of our children and will

absolve the statesmen who by their generation are being hold res­

ponsible, even persecuted because of the blood and the sacrifice

imposed upon our people,"

A further quotation:

A State which in an age of racial contamination keeps jealous watch

over the conservation of its best elements, is bound some day to

become the master of the earth..,,,"

14548

ih 111111111111HO191 -0017

29 July-4-l- ON-Karr.

The last quotation:

"A stronger race will crivo away the

weaker races, si.co the final rush to­

wards life will 1 • ak the ridiculous

restraints of a so-called individualistic

humanity to replace it by a humanity true

to the nature which annihilated the feeble

in order to give their plac. to the strong...."

("licin Karpf", pace 135).

And then the strength of the State machinery and of the Party grew.

The recognized arny was soon powerful enough to permit Germany to arm

openly. ho, at that time, would dare to interrupt the monstrous devel.

opment of tils biological materialism? Hitler specified his ideas in a

smaller circle, and those who heard his words were not all Nazis. En­

lightened as to the master’s purposes, they will yet stay by his side,

and that is what condemns them. Is it not so Pander?

"The question is n t os cenqucring pop-

ulations, but of cJhqucring territories

suitable for cultivation..."

Hiter said in conference with von Blomberg, von Fritsch, and Raeder *n

5 .November 1937

"Expansion cannot be made a reality except

by breaking existences to pieces and run­

ning the risks..........."

That comes from the same sp eech.

af ter von Fritsch and von Blunberg had fallen into disfavor, Keit1

and Jodi, picked becauso of their servility to the system, had a solid

war-tool in their hands. On the evening before the atbrcak of the con­

flict, Hitler recalled his thou hts:

"Circumstances must be adapted to goals

which arc to be attained* This is im­

possible without invasion of foreign

States, or attack against foreign pr-op-

erty.4649

HO191 -001829 July-4-2-1O I-Karr."Vital space proportionate to the great-

ness of the State is the basis of all power.

For a time one can refuse to face the prob­

lem, but in the end it must be solved, one

way or another. The choice is between pro­

gress or decline. Fifteen or twenty years

hence we will be forced to find a solution*

No German statesman could evade that question

any longer. We are, at this moment, filled

with a patriotic fervor which is shared by

two other nations, Italy and Japan.

"The period vhich is behind us was well

utilized; All measures were t aken con­

cretely and in harmony with out aims.

"After six years, the situation today is

as follows: National political unity of

the Gormans has bee accomplished except

for a few details. The ultimate success

cannot be obtained, without the shedding

of blood.

"Danzig is in no case a subject of dispute.

It is a question of expansion in the East,

of space needed for our existneco (Lebens-

raum) and of assuring our food supplies.

"The peoples of non-German territories will

not be calle.. for military service, but will

be available as a labor reserve*

"The Polish probem is inseparable from a

conflict in the West*"

lExtract from Minutes of a Conference at

the Reich Chancellory, of 23 May 1939,

in the presence of Hitler, Goering, Raedcr,

Keitel and others. - Doc. L.79, Exhibit

USA 27).14550

H0191 -0019

29 July-43-0.-Karr.

anc the war come, which in a 1... nonths tine made all Gcrmany

believe that her force was irrosistable and that she could proceed

to conquer the world. All that was .eant by this cruel, monstrous

phrase of Hitler:

"We must keep firry to the aim of our for­

eign policy: secure for the Gorman people

the territory to vhich it is entitled in

this world. And this act is the sole act

which, before God and. our Gran postcrity,

justifies bloodshed...,"

All this monstrous phase was thus developed:

"Ve claim to have been compelled to carry

out occupation, administration etc.,...

Nobody will realise it is the questicn of

a permanent settl nt. It will not prevent

usfrcm talcing the necessary measures;

executi ,ns, deport tions. .. etc."

(Speech by Hitler on the Eastern Territo­

ries, 16.7.41) (L.221).

And further on:

"Partisan warfare vill have one advantage

for us, it will nable us to exterminate

all those who oppose us..."

(Same speech L.221).

The same these was taken up and cy ically proclaimed by the spokesmen

of the State.

This Trial has brought you echos thereof. And in a speech by

Himmler, document PS-1919:

"Uhatcver the na ' ns of category A blood

can offer us we shall take, if necessary

by taking their children away from them

and bringing them up among us".14551

H0191 -0020

29 J --40: '-Karr.

From the same speech:

"whether nations thrive or starve only-

interests me in the measure that we use

them as slaves for our civilization".

From the sar speech again:

"That 10,000 Russian women should die of

exhaustion in digging an anti-tank ditch

only interests me to the extent whether

the anti-tank ditcl nas been com, Ictcd

for Germany".

And further from the same speech:

"Uhen somebody c ernes and says to me:

’I cannot have the • nti-tank ditch dug

by women and children because it is in­

human and would kill them,'I reply: You

are a murderer of your own kin, for if the

ditch is not fininshed German soldiers

will fall and they are the sons of German

mothers."

And from the same speech) and concerning the extermination of the

Jews:

ITe have exterminated microbes. Vic did not

with to be contam - nted and die. Ue have

fulfilled this duty for the sake of cur

people. Our spirit and character have not

suffered from it".

The cqquest of vital spac , i.e., of Tcrritcries emptoed of

their poplation by every method, extermination included, that was,

gentlemen, the great idea of the Party, of the system, of the State

and thus of all men who arc at the head of the main administration

both of the State and of the party.

That is the great idea in the service of which tye united, for

which they have been working. To realize this all measures were

good enough, violation of t. etties, invasions and enslavement of v14552

HO191 -002

29 July-4-4-h0 T-Karr.

From the same speech:

"whether nations thrive or starve only

interests me in the measure that we use

them as slaves for our civilization".

From the same speech again:

"That 10,000 Russian women should die of

exhaustion in digging an anti-tank ditch

only interests me to t he extent whether

the anti-tank ditch has been com, leted

for Germany".

and further from the same speech:

ITlhen somebody comes and says to me:

’I cannot have the anti-tank ditch dug

by women and children because it is in-

human and would kill them,1! reply: You

are a murderer of your own kin, for if the

ditch is not fininshed German soldiers

will fall and they are the sons of German

mothers."

And from the same speech; and • ncerning the cxtermination of the

Jews:

IVe have exterminnbed microbes. UTe did not

vith to be containated and die. e have

fulfilled this du., for the sake of cur

people. Our spirit and character have not

suffered from it".

The caquest of vital space, i.e., of Tcrritcries emptoed of

their population by every method, extermination included, that was,

gentlemen, the great idea of the Party, of the system, of the State

and thus of all men who are at the head of the main administration

both of the State and of the Party.

That is the great idea in the service of which tye united, for

which they have beun working. To realize this all measures were

good enough, violation of tieties, invasions and enslavement of .14502

HO191 -0022

29 July-4- 5 .OVKarr .

weak and peaceful neighbors in peactine, wars of aggression, total wars

with all the atrocities the wcrds i :ly. Goering and Ribbentrop cym cal l y

admitted that they particpated in it spiritually and materially, and the

generals and the admirals helped as hard as they could.

Speer exploited labot to st rvationand to death, 1 bor recruited

for him by Sauckcl, Kaltenbrunner, the regional leaders of the NSD.P

(the Gaulictors), and the Generals. Kaltenbrunner exploited the gas

charters which Frick, Schirach, Seyss-Inquart, Frank, Jodi, Keitel and

the others furnished with victins, but the creation of the gas chambers

themselves had been made possible because of a favorable political ideo-

logy had been developed and there each overlapping the other, you find

the responsibility of all, of Geprin:, Hess, Rosenberg, Streicher, Frick,

Frank, Fritsche, even of Schacht himself, the pro—Jewish Schacht included.

Did he not say to Hirschfelds

"I want to the greatness of Germany, and to

accomplish it I am wady to ally myself with

the devile himself."

He entered into this alliance with the devil and with hell. Pa pen

included, who sees his secretaries and friends killed around him and

continues to accept official mis si is in Ankara, in Vienna, because he

believes he can appease Hitler by serving him.

Not all are there, there are those who are dead, and those who are

living; f r example the industrielist vho exploited the workers of the

enslaved countries after having carried Hitler and his system to power

by providing the money without vhich nothing could have been done; wk

car ried them to power by nationalistic fanaticism as well bccua.se they

expected from Nazidom the guarantee f their privileges.

Everything was connected, everything was indissolubly united because

the totalitarism policy, the total war, preparation and a nduct of the

plan of extermination of the peoples for the conquest of space, implied

a co-ordinati on, a close liaison between all government administrations:

Police and Army, Forien affairs, and Police and Irmy, Justice and Police,

economics and justice, Universities nd Propaganda and Police.14553

H0191 -0023

29 July-4-6-AOl-Karr.

Anc now we come to the secoucn projositi n which w c have to demonstrate.

The Coordination of the various departments at the head of which these

men stood, implies close cooperation b twcon them.

The Defense strives to establish watertight partitions between the

different elements of the German state.

According to him, there is supposed to be a parallel without a hori­

zontal bond between the various State and Party depart' ents, between indi­

vidual ministerial administrations ano between individual National-Socialist

organizations. They only connecting link would be the persn of the Chief,

at the head. According to the defense, the Ceninating principle of German

structure would be personal union, not coordinate dr. and cooperati n.

This is false. This is contraty to the principles of the Nazi State

and requirments f a State in hich every force strives towards the same

goal and towards the actunl reality of German life as revealed by the

debat es.

icc rcing t Natinal Socialist concpcti n, the party tu st take the

place of Democracy. The Party is the litical oprossi n of the Nation,

which materialises in the political actin of the State carried out by the

activity of its acministrati ons. The 1 Deconbor 1933 Act proclaims, for

the purpose of ensuring the unity of the Party and State, that the Party

is the exclusive support of the State c ncoption, and indissolubly unites

the party and the State.

At the Party Congress in 1934, Hitler scys:

"It is not the State that created us. We

create the State for ourselves. T. some it

may appear as the Party. U others as an crgan-

izatin, for yet others as s nothing different

but actually vre are what we arc."

The aim persued by the Party is t. ref ore t o achieve a mor. and more

c mplete uni n between the State and the Party. This explains the lgis-

lati n which makes it c mpuls ty for the

14554

29 July 1.1 LJG 5-1 H0191 -

chief of the Porty Chcncory to bo consulted in the cppointmont

of ranking officials; which ncorpor. tos Pcrty chiofs in

municipc.l c.Cminis trotion, int grotos the SS into tho ?olico,

c.nd Cssmilctos the SS to police officers; xkos tho direction

ci tho Eltlor Youth c. Stoco opcrtmont, intogrctes the liroction

of rnrty hoadquurtors abroad into the Foreign Doportmont cnd

mlorcos together to an incroc.sing extont tho militory personnel

of the Porty and those of the Stc.to. General von Drodowslzy ’ s

vr Ciory, which wo have subm. tted to tho Tribunal, shows that

this merger was a. fact at tho timo of the landing in Franco,

hitler, hweevor, continvod to ntcin the system of parallel

State and Party administration, because they control and super­

vise each other. Jut ho compolloc both parties to cooporoto

closely to be cortsin of the offoctivonoss of the control.

All the defendants noroovor, excepting Hess, are roprosonte-

tivos of State doportnonts. Thoy cannot hido behind the miht

of the Party, since Porty and St:.to shared the power. To

Party expresses a doctrine whlch must direct the action of the

St.to, but the State in its turn altors the Party doctrine to

suit itself, 1 any items of the Party Pro-ram La tod 24 February

192°, woro never corriod out and foil completely into oblivion

after a cert. in experience of powor. income other than that

from labor was not bolishod liton II); the trusts were not

nationalised (item 13); land reform was not carried cut according

to the provisions of item 17 (J); property interest and lend

spe culctions roma inod.

Ultimately, tho whole of German life was subjected to the

conbinoc effect of State and Party forces. All the State

-oportnonts and Party departments contributed to the crontion

of its components.

Eomplos are plentiful and ere to be found in every Stcto

Cop: rtmont.

Let us take Poroic Affcirs. It is one of the State cdnin-

istretions which, in its correct conception, should remain

the farthest rorovod fra.i any politiccl Ccctrino. Hot so in14555

H0191 -0025

Nazi Cormony. For the purpose cf tho extcrninction of tho Jows,

hocdqucrtors abroad cooporato with RSIIA by the interodicry of

the Wilholnstrasso, as evidenced by Documonts RF 12 06, 1220,

1502, 1210 and USA 433. Wilholnstrosso officials are called upon

to advise the military police and Secret State Police (Document

RF 1061). it is 'Jost, Ribbentrop’s representative in Donrark,

who transmits the orlor for doportction of the Jews to tho Chief

of the Goman Police, Mildner (Docunent RI 1503). Document RF

1501 shows liil bontrop vindicating anti- Somitisr to Iussolini and

requesting Italian cooperation.

Ribbentrop and Kcltonrunor cro impliccto in all tho

terrorist measures against tho elites; the SD md the Wilholr-

strasse are also involved in the organization of the aggression

against the broadcast station of Gleixtz in order to furnish

the pretext of a Polish attack. The report of the Corman

military administration concerning the pillago of art treasures

in France incriminates at tho s m0 time the special stef of

Rosenborg and the German Embassy in Pcris ( Document T? 1505).

Tho Wilholns trasse and tho army are involved with the polico in

tho q uostion of hostages, reprisals, and deportations, Tho

oxcples could be multiplied. TTo do not pretend to exhaust the

subject, but only to illustroto on opinion.

Let us now oxamino tho activities of the organization

Rosenborg. Roscnorc, by virtue of his function, lrocdy

coordinates several bronchos of tho Goman S-ato. His service

of foreign policy has been incorporated in tho Ministry of

Foreign affairs. Ho is furthonmoro the philosopher of the

regime, minister for the Eastern Territories and chief of tlo

special Staff entrusted with the control of art treasures, The

SD and tho secret police work in liaison with him ( documents

L 188 and 946 PS).

Tho same liaison, the stno coorlnation must bo noted in

the order of the State machinery in matters concerning forced

labor. All the ministers end r'l the higher functionaries, like14556

29 Ju|y 11 LJG5-3 HO191 -0026

tho Gculcitors, c.ro involved in it, Bo it that they conceived

or propcrod the oporction, or still moro simply th t they Gevo

it C. helping henC er th.t thoz ’ onofito by it.

Wo romombor the intor-nini storicl mootings in Berlin on

this subject, end the conference otwoon Scuckol, K cltonrunnor.

Spoor, Funk end the represent .tives of the Oh’7, which is tho

subject of locunont PS 3819, tie uo0ting in Teris presided

ever by Scuckol which was c.ttonlod by represent tives of the

c.ry, the police end the Emb.cty (ocunont n 1517)

Econouty is no longer indogonont. Furing the var there

exists under Funk c. close cooporntion "ctuoon tho occnonic end

c.Cministro.tivo services of the criy end those of oconcmic PTcir

(dccunont IT 3bis). Tho Ministry of Econony cppoc.ls to the

police to develop pions for the comnizction of oconoxy, (Cocu-

nont II 803 end 814). Tho linistry of Tincnco subsidized tho

SS to carry out scientific rosocrch on the internees, involuntor

subjects of c.bomincblo oxporcnts (,002 PS) Long before the

wor c.n.l under Schccht, the somo bends, first secret, Inter on

public, .nd closer then c.ny other country in the world, unite

politics, finonco end econony ith tho cmy. Schccht, in o.

speech on 29 lovomor 1938 prcrouncod the follovrinc opinion

on his c.chiovomont:

"It is possible thet no tlor issuing bunk hes followed in poo.ee tine such cn curcicus credit policy cs the Roichshenle since tho ass ption of power by Hationc.l Socic-is1. Pith the cid . f this policy, however, Gormany hes erected cn aripuont which is the first in the world, oned this crmcmont has code possiblo the results of our policy.......... ..

Tho juiccl systor is no longer independent. To find it

C.ssocictoC with the police in the most crimn el ontorprisos.

Docucnt PS 654 civos an nccount of o. discussion between

Thiorc.cl, ITizmlor end others, at the end cf

1 57

2 9 July—-B-5-la Haynes ■ dm inn inH0191 -0027

which it was decided that the anti-social elements and the internees f the

c ncontrati on cams, the Jews, Gypsies, Russians, Ukrainians, Foles sentenced

to more than three years in rison sh uld be turned ver to Himmler by the

administrati. n, to be exterminated by w rk, and that in the future incivicual,

belon in to the same categ ries should not be judged by ordinary tribunals

hut handed over immediately to Hiler’s arministration.

Finally during the war the terr rist activities of the army and the

.lice, of the State and the Party merge together. Sometimas the x. lice is

made subordinate to the army, though actin with a certain aut nomy accordin

to the orders £ the RSHA. This is the case in Belium. In France, in spito

of bein detached from the army, the ..dice maintains el se c operati on witl

it. The army participates vth tho SIlO, (Security rolice an the SD in the

ersecution f the Jews, in the adlinis trati n f the internment cam; of

Cengisgne and in the cesi nati n c2 stares (RF 1212 and 1212 his) and in

their execution (RF 121]). As we have seen the army an the police were

qccomplices in the terr rist actions a ainst the ulati n. The navy and

the police are alse accomlices in the ma sacre f thecomnan. s, and it is

the . olice which massacres certain cate • ries f V ar iris ners, althouch all

the prisoners without exception c me unler the auth rit f the OKi (rS 1165)

One micht multiply examples f the cl.se association f Party machinery

with the State services of their c rdinati n which at times goes s far us

to result in a symbiosis. Rcalizati n f the c mm n political idea : the

c nquest of s,ace by all 1 ossile meth ds, is the ath uraned by all, ne

way or an ther.

The c eraticn of the defendants is an evident result. Apart from thu

definite facts f c -0] eraticn which we allege, what we kn w f the encral

functi nin. f this totalitarian State, bound te the destiny f the rarty,

its vigour against the heretics f 2 wh cm cam s with thsir gas chambers waited

all that leads us to affirm that the defendants, be they Ninisters or dignita-

ries or hi h functionaries with S,ate r iarty auth rity, t ether with ther

wh. are n t there -dead r hele for trial in ther C. urts, f rmed an entity.

And this, taken altogether, as the G vernment f the Reich j this was the

State-Party or Party-State;14558

29 JuLy-] --5-2 a HaynesHO191 -0028

an entity, perhaps, but a conscious an ' criminal entity which caused the

massacre of mi lli ns of human beings in order to enlarge the Reich bey n

all measure.

The acts of the Cefenc ants are n t .nly the particular ones which we

analysed just a minute a in the 11 ht of the nati nal L enal c des of their

end ur countries, respectively. -hey c mprise als in their entirety th se

of the German State f r which they acted f that German S,ate, to which they

ave life, conscience, thought, Till ano f which they must now assume the

responsibility for the consequences, even the most extreme ones, because

they could not personally disentangle themselves from these crimes.

14559

29 July- l- JF-5-lcHaynos

And this brings us to our third proposition;

The Defendants must be judged on tho basis of their functions performed

in taat criminal policy of which thoyvoro the promoters and instruments.

"as it not Dr. Seidl who, in dcfendline Fran!:, has said: (page 55)

"This is an acknowled c.'. principle and it derives from the penal

code of all civilized nations that a uniform and natural action must be

appraised in its totality, and that all circunastenccs vhich nicht possibly

enter into consideration must be oxanined in order to form a basis at the

time of the working out of the verdict."

It is tho in the political life that all the crimes of the defendants lie.

They are, as we knew the elements of e criminal State policy. To consider the

defendants as offenders of the coition law, to forgot that they have acted in

the name of the German State and for the account of that State, to g a

standard to them the same as that applied to hooligans cr to assassins, would

narrow the amplitude of the trial, would misinterpret the character of their

crimes. Crios which tho Courta of our countries ordinarily adjudicate show

the criminal in opposition to the social order. These are individual deeds;

their range is 12nitod; their consequences are circumscribed. Their crimes

never strleo more than a few victims, a id it is impossible to find in the annals

of our countries an example of murder methodically perpetrated by terror

or-anizations whose victims would run higher than a few hundred people.

That is the highest price of a criminal plot vithin the bosom of our

national Communities,

Organized, highly hicrarchichal, endowed vith an armed force and judicial

institutions, our national communities can eliminate delinquents before they

can do all the harn they are capable of.

Those defendants, on the contrary, developed their criminal activity within

the community of States, an unorganized world which is just beginning to be

conscious of its erm existence and had then neither armed power nor jud-os.

These defendants seized the Goman State and turned it into a gangster

State, putting at the service of thoiz erimnal plans all tho executive might

of the State. They acted as chiefs or leaders of political, diplomatic,

juridical, military, economic and financial staffs. The activity of these1 560

29 July-l-JF-5-2c-Haynes

NIIIW ■■

H0191 -0030

staffs is normally coordinated in any country since they serve a cormon purpose,

indisputably a comon political idea. But in National Socialist Germany, as

ire lmnov, such coordination was reinforced by the interpenetration of party and

administrativo agencies. Private crimos became conmunity crimcs when committo

by the State, Indeed, they were bred by tho political thought of each

individual: "Conquest of space at any price".

State crincs committed by any one of those who controlled a major

department trerc made possible only because all those vtho controlled every other

najor dopartnent contributed their sharc. Should some of them and their

depar tnenis default, it meant the collapse of the State, the annihilation of

its crininal powor, vrhich was tantanount to tho end of the cas chambers or to

the technical impossibility of creatin'; then. But none had either tho vill or

the vish to default, since yas chambers and cxtcrnination to nake space were

the paramount idea of the system — - indeed vrerc the system.

Is not thc evidence of this unity in crime furnished by the very statements

of the defendants, their constant efforts and those of their counsels to prove

the autcnony of their departments and cast the Ary’s responsibility upon the

Police, that of the Foreign Office upon the head of the Government, that of the

Labor Department upon the Four-Year Plan, that of the Gauleiters upon the

Gencrcls; in short, by their attempt to persuade us that everythin'■ in Germany

VaS run in tight compartments, vtheroos the interdependence of the acini ni s tmti on

and Part) ana multiplicity of ccnnecting and controlling links between the State

and Party prove the contrary by their clever overlapping. All French people

vho have lived in occupied France remember having s een on the wals of local

Kozmandanturs a poster depicting tho bricks of a wall vrith the words:

"Teneo quia Tonoor"

printed over the picture. It was the whole motto of the system. A few bricks

taken away were cncurh to make the tall crumble. None of these men have done

that. On the contrary, they all contributed a brick to the edifice.

14561

29 J uly-4 j — —6-1 Feldt HO191 - 003

hus by the facts, a; art from any leal notion of conspiracy, of ccmpli,

city which may perhaps be subject + discussion a ccordina to the different

characterisation of the jurists, we shall furnish rocf of the solidarity

in crime and of the equal culpability f all.

To have erpetrated the crime, it suffices for them bein • chiefs uf

hi h officials f the Farty or of one of the main Sate departments and actin » on the State’s account, to have with the .bject f extending by all possible

means German livin sgace conceived, to have been willin', to have ordered

or merely tolerated by their silence that treaties ensurin the inde] endence

f other countries be violated, that wars of a ression be prepared or decla4

red, that mass murders and ther atr cities be systematically carried out,

that demolitions ano lootins vithout justification be systematically commi-

tted,

-his is the crime of the Gerran Reich, and all the defendants have

consired t. commit it.

We will prove this for each f the defendants by means f exam les

drawn from the trial. For each deundint, the three principal propositions

of this Cemonstration will be the f ll. win :

1) the defendant ccuied an eminent . ositi n in the machinery of the

state and the party which /ranted him auth rity over ne entire office or

several.

2) the defendant acquiesced in, if he di/ not conceive, the i ea of th

government :"conquest of space by -ny means’*.

3) he has personally taken part in the development f this idea by his

owm activity.

As t G erin and Hess, the Court will und ubtedly excuse me from

in int. them at lon th. They were the desi nated successors f the Fuchre

They belon ed t the movement from the be innin . Hess to k the resonsibili

ty for the racial laws. both contributed to the government's political ideas

of which in the eyes f the masses they were the livin representatives.

Py their speeches, their lectures, hey made this idea penetrate int all

circles.14562

29 July-M-1B—6-2 Feldt ih IIIlllllI/IIIlIHO191 -0032

Goering actively contributed and in an essential way in the military

an ec.n.mic rejaration o f wars j. a ression.

Goerino is the creator f the Besta; o and the concentration camps where

millicns of su 1 osed enemies of the 5 vernment found their death, where

genocide was finally ant.1 completely consumnated.

A lar,e part of his criminal activity is connected with the inr lemen-

tation of the 4 Years Flan, which, proof has been offered, was intirely direc

ted twarcs the pre, aration for war. with other, he is resp nsi le for the

deportation of workers, the brutalities exerted a. ainst them, of their allo­

cation to sect rs f producti n aired a-ainst their wn countr: • Furthermore

he has taken ; art in the allocation of ris ners of war and olitical inter­

nees to works directly connected with the war eff rt • f the Reich. He has

cr. anized the destruction of the economy and the lcotin: f the occugied na-

ti. ns .

He hasals. r ganized, vith th- help f the kinstazstab Rosenbere, the

lootin f works of art on a large scale, often with the aim of enrichin. *

his ovm collecti ns.

By decree £ the Fuehrer of 21 A ril 1933, Hess had received full

powers t- decide about all questi ns concernin the mana; on ent of the party.

He participated in the „re_arati on of laws an decrees in : eneral, an.l even

in the pre arati on of the orders £ the Fuehrer. He participated. in the

ag ointment f . overnment officials and labcr ffice chiefs. He stren th-

ened the held of the party on the internal life of Germany. He had a direct

influence n the army and on forei: n L olicy. -he part which he ; layed in

the development of anti-semi tism implicates-him in the criminal consequences

f the movement.

ibbentrcp was one cf the kin - ins f the 1 arty an ■ state machine, P1

ced in the Wilhelmstrasse by Hitler wh. distruste " l-fashi ned” diplomats

he worked with all his misht to cr • te di, l ma tic c nditi ns favourable to

the wrar cf aggression, the essential means for realizin - the conquest of

s, ace.

We recall the document suomitted Ly our British c llea ues and which esta­

blishes that Ribbentrop assured Ciano in Augest 1939 that Germany wrould make

14563

■ ■■111

H0191 -00332? July—i-MB-6-3 Feldt

war even if Danzig and the corridor were ceded to her. AS it has already be

sh wn, he and his offices are involved in acts cf terrorism and exterminati

in the occupied dountrieso

Concerning Keitel, my ex lanation will be equally short. The c nditi

under which he agreed to be ch.sen by Hitler instead of von Fritsch and von

Blomberg, t > be placed at the head of the Hish Command of the Army and intr

Cuced into the councils f the government, his political activity in the;

posts, expressed by'his presence at the side of the ‘ue rer in Godesberg,

later n during the discussions with retain and H rthy, expressed a ain by

the orders he signed and of which the order for im.le mentation of the N.N.

decree is not the least famous, sh w that it is * t just a questi n of a mel

soldier, but a politician general. His part in the arrests and massacres

of patriots condemn him, without any possible doubt he has participated

in the exterminations, if only by abandonin t the police, f r special

treatment, certain classes of prisoners of war. Moreover, we recall the

connect! ns f this offices with the . olice and the armed force of the

party:

(A recess was taken):

29 July-M-MB-7-1 WilliamsHO191 - 0034

In the year 1932 Kaltenbrunner became a member f the Party and f th

SS in Austria. He became Secretary of State f the Security and the P lice

in Austria, afterwards Chief of Police in Vienna and Chief of ESHA (Reich

Regent’s Office) from 30 January up to the ca.itulati.no Jurin this last

period he was resp onsible for the Gestapo, the Police, the Security Service

and the concentration camps.

He was one of the most important heads f the criminal r anization in

realization of the policy of externinati n and in acccmlishin the annihil tich cf a race ( en cide). His res, onsibility for the mass-murders has bee.

established. He issued the orders of internment and execution.

•The measures of protective custody", he says, "were measures justify

by the war1’.

He also tries to make us believe he made a stand a ainst the application f

these measures. It is impossible to believe him, Tie have ro f that he ha

full power over the camps.

We are aware f Nosenacr 1s important . siti n in the 3rd Rcich. A

Department b re his name, reover, he was Minister f the Eastern Territ

ries and Prop a andist. In "Blood and Honor" (Blut und Ehre) he resumed and

developed the thesis of the sp ace due to the so-called German race. He

starts from the unf unded affirmati ns that "the irradiation f N rdism gi­

ves its entire meanin to the evolution f humanity" and that "there is de-

cadence wherever the Nordic culture, instead of ccndennin the Asisties and

the Jews to a permanent enslavement, rain les with these imure elements • . •

He concluded by sayin- that the continent must be subjected to the conceyt

of the German race IBlodd and Honour".

To bring Germany back by all . ossi le means t her racial purity was the

subject of his s eech at Purer n. erg in 1933. He ext lieu the externinati n

of the Jews, an. we know that it was n t an ratorical .hrase. Besides ,

he wrote in a report to the Fuehrer n 11 Au ust 1942 (042- IS):

IInstrusticna aimin at keep in down the number of the population

of the Ukraine and at the non-a plica ti n f article 218 f the German pena

Code were studied last year an l resumed on the occasion of a tri,of the Di­

rector cf the Ministry of Health c0..e11565

Williams29 July—-M 3-7-2 IIllll IIIllIIIIIlllIIHO191 -0035

”In the Ukraine measures have been taken with a view to preventin epicemics

not in the interest of other rac s, but exclusively for the protection of

the German occujation f roes and f r maintainin labour in the service of tl

German war industry ?"

Finally he was implicated in the attack on Norvay, ant thanks to his sgecia. staff he proceeded to a methodical "Jundering of the artistic riches of

Europe.

Frank is one of the very first acherents of the Party. He was its le

adviser and took part in th. elaboration f the . ro ramo He was also the

Fuehrer’s advisor. He was linister f Justice in Bavaria, then Minister of

S'ate charged with the co-orlinatin of Reich Justice, and lastly Governor

General of Poland. It is he who tried to Ive a legal shape to the State’s

and the Party's terr ristic pro ram of gersecuti n and extermination.

He defended the instituti.n of concentration cams in the German ”Lo al

Gazette” in 1936, and he proclaimed that the sec n funcamontal law f the

Hitlerite Reich was racial le islation. His ers nal activity in Poland

contributed to the exterainati n f numer us Pcloso He boasted about it al’

in his paper.

'V j ' L erhv . <• . .‘7 , n- : C . r O' - '• ’

wards Reich Director for the elections from 30 January 1933 up to 20 Aurust

1943. He was Chi.f of the service for tha annexation f Austria to Germany

for the incorporation f the Sucetenland, Memel, Danzi , the Eastern Torri-

tories, Eupen Halmedy and Mcresnot, Moreover, he was Direct r f the Cen­

tral O ffice f r the Protectorate of B hemia-Toravia, the Government-General

Luwer Styria, Upper Carinthia, Norway, Alsace, L rraine and: all the other

occupied countries. He was Frotect or f 3 hemia-Moravia for more than ine

year. He was Reich Minister f the Inter! r since the assumpt of power, a

member of the Defense Council. Being elected to the Reichsta in 1921, he

posec anti-Jcwish laws. Strictly obedient, he became several time the spo­

kesman for the political thou ht of the r anization :

He declared amons other thin s 2

12566

IlllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIH0191 -0036

29 July--MB-7-3 Williams

"In National S cialist Gernany, the cirecti on is in the hancs of an

or anized community, viz. the Nati nal Socialist Party, This latter regre-

sents the will f the naticn, Thu uclicy adc ted by the Tarty in keegpin

with the vital interests of the nation is at the same time the policy adop­

ted y the cuuntryo" (3258 PS)

It is he the a; i ointed Himmler. He is resp cnsible for the anti-Jewish lei is

lation and finally he had sterilization applied to the descendants of colou-

red soldiers. Moreover he caused the lunatics reputed to be incurable to be

killed,

Streicher entered the party practically as s n as it vas formed. He

enya ed in an unrestrained propa ano a a pains t the Jews in his speeches as

well as in his writins and he incited the German people to persecute and t.

exterminate themo He has been a Gauleiter. He does not reject anythin the

has been done. He stated :

Then one has known the fuehrer as I have known him in his deepest

personality as I have, and when I later lcarnec from his testament that he

kncwin. ly avs the order to execute the Jews, well I declare that this man h

a right to do so."

Funk entered the party in 1931, He hal the Idan baoge estowed on

him. He was the head i the Reich’s press. Secretary £ State for rropagan

Finally he succeeded Schacht in the. Ministry f the Interior in 1937. He

became rlenipotentiary General for Ec n my and Fresicent f the Reichsbank

in 19L1. In 1932 h. was actin as middleman be tween the Fuchrer an: certair

heads of the Gernan industry. He t k part in the meetin f the industria­

lists on 20 February 1933 organized by Goering in r- er t cbtain the politi

cal and financial support f industry fr the realization of the Nazi pro-

grame He stated on 4 May 1946 :

"As State Secretary for propaganda I have a f rmal res ■ nsibility• I

have oi course favoured propa anda as did all th se who foun - themselves in

position (f imgontenoo in Germany, f r rpa anda filled anJ permeated the nt

ticn‘ spiritual life."

He asked that the Jews be excluded frm important positions.12567

29 July—-]B-7-] Williams

He issued decrees for the realization f that icea. He has received the de

sits made by the SS of - Id an.-. valuables taken from the victims of mass

exterminations. Finally, he built uy the war ec nomy and signed the secret

law of L September 1938.

Voenitz was Commander-inChief of the German navy. He succeeded Hitl

with Seyss-Inquart as Forein Minister. He was a recipient of the golden

party bacge. His adherence to the criminal policy of the system is testifi

by a speech in which he said :

"The officer is a representative of the state. The ridiculous babble

about a non-political officer is 1 lain n nsenseo"

He recommended the use f labor from the externinati n camps in order,

he sai., to increase putgut by 100%, He ; r claimed submarine warfare wither

resturcti-ns and ordered his sailors "to be hard”, and. nt to effect any­

more rescues. He approved and extolled massacres f communists.

Racder was C ommancer-in-Chief of the German navy before • cenitz.

He was present at Hitler’s conferences in which tho latter revealed his

plans. The texts were noted down in assin . He . laced the navy at the

Nazi re ime’s service. He condlucted the clandestine rearnin and c ntribu-

ted in reparin the agression a ainst Folan, aainst N rway.

His c ntempt for international Law is well kn wna ’It is en u. h to qu

te the memorancum f 15 September , U.K. 65

11568

Illi IIlIlllllllll/lHO191 -0037

29 July1946-MDMR-3-1 Ahuna 1 IilHII Jin minHO191 -0038

Schirach was a party member from the age of 18 years on. He joined

it in 1925; leader cf the Hitler Youth from1931 te 1910, Gauleiter of Vienn

up tothe capitulation, he was one of the essential parts of the machine.

He admits that as Gauleiter of Vienna he united in himself the powers of

the State, of the city and of the party. It was tie ko shaped the German

youth in accordance with the party’s ideology and he has claimed the res­

ponsibility f or the consequences of this exclusive formation. He allowed

Hinmlor to recruit SS among the Hitler Youth.

' From 1943, as he himself admits, he knew f the treatment inflicted

o n the Jews, but long before that he had taken a quite clearly defined

stand as to this question and had conducted an active anti-semitic props- .

gauds.

Sauckel joined the party in 1925. l.s Gauleiter of Thuringia, and

Flenipotentiary General for labor commitment, and h nor ary Obergruppon-

fuehrer SS, he held a quite select situati n in the S+atc-farty machine.

I fiery propagandist, he delivered more than five hundred speeches

all of them devoted to tie dovol pment of Nazi ideology. He approved

the idea of extermination and said:

I Concerning the extermination of asocial clement,

Goebbels fin's that the idea t. exterminate them

by work is far the best." (632-S)

Again he stated:

"....The Fuehrer stated that we had to revise

cur echo 1 concept! n ab ut the migration of

people .... it is the Fuehrer’s wish that

hundred, years from now 250 milli n people of

germanic language be settled in Europe." (025-IS)

He took personally an active part in the preparations for the extermin:

tions and he declared the following on this subject the 23 May 1916:

IOne can only obtain results in product! n by employing

labor economically."

Not counting the millins of citizens of other countries, he forced

nearly tw million Frenchmen to collaborate in the war. by their toil. To

recruit them he used force and the intervention of the police, the SS and

11,569

UM ■! Illllll29 July 1946-M-DMR~8-2 hhuna HO191 -0039

the rmy- in document 827 he states:

"I have charged a few intelligent men with special

executive missi ns for the workers under the direct i n

cf the supreme chief of the SS and of the police. I havd

armed and trained a certain number of them, and I must

ask the Armement Ministry for the necessary muntions

for these men,.,.."

Such a declaration reduces to zero the insinuation of Speer’s counsel that

the French population accepted willingly their fenced labor in Germany.

Alfred Jodi was chief of the operations staff of the OKI. He had

the entire confidence of the Fuehrer to the same extent as Keitel (3798-1S)

He participated in the drafting of the successive plans of ag rossion.

Encouraged to serve Hitler by the presence of such conservatives as Neurath,

Fapen, Schacht, at Hitler’s side, he transmitted the 22 March 1913 orPer

cencerning the expulsion of the Jevrs from Tenmark and their internment in

Germany. He also insured the execution of Hitler’s order concerning the

annihilsti n of commandos of 18 October 1942.

He participated in the discussions which led to the measures ar-dd nst.

flyers wh: had been forced down. He signed the ntice of the High Command

of the -rmy concerning the fight against the guerillas, notice which con-

tainedregulsti ns contrary tothe rules of humanity.

Von fapen prepared Hitler’s accession to power. The constituti.n of

his Cabinet on 30 Hay 1942 was c ntrzry to the normal procedures of parlia­

mentary institutions. On 2 June he ordered the dissolution of the Reichstag

and at the same time gave free course to Hitler’s terrorism. On the occa­

sion of an interview vith Hitler in June 1932 he said:

"I have accepted the demands of Hitler —

Namely the right of the SS and Si towear uniforms."

it the same time kapen had no illusions as to the consequences for his

party of the Hitlerian disturbances which he had himself released. But he

preferred Hitler to cemonracy. hfber the clections cf 30 July ho endeavored

to induce Hindenburg to tolrate Hitler and he succeeded in doing so during

the month of November.

He permitted the invasion of civil service by Nazi civil servants. 11570

HO191 -004029 July 1946-M-DMR-8-3 Ahuna

Sir Lavid Maxwell Fyfe reminded us of Von rapon’s vindication of

National Socialism in Essen in Novembor 1933.

With regard to the racial problem. Von Tapen tonk a very favorable

a ttitude in his speech at Gleiwitz in 1932. I quotes

"Surely nothing can be said against racial research or

against the care given to the race all of which has

tended to safeguard the characteristics of a people

as much as possible

We allknow what this care consisted of.

"apen served the i arty-State tcministration with utter servility until

■the capitulation, and his activity was n’t interrurted, neither by the

assassination nr the imprisonment of his collaborators and friends which

the State and rarty were guilty.

Scyss—Inquart became a member of the National Socialist rarty cn 13

March 1938. He occupied various pc it ions within the core of the party or

in the state civil service, and finally became Assistant Governor of Foland,

then Reich Commissar for the Netherlands.

He declared, and I quote from document 2219-IS:

”I attach myself vrith indomitable tenacity to the goal in

which I believes the greatest Germany and the Fuehrer.

(Excerpt from a letter of Seyss-Inquart to Goering on

1 July 1939.")

In a speech of January 23, 1939, document 36110-1S, he said:

"....the task of a neraticn, that is to say the vital

force of a people, is considered by us as the cruntion and the

secutity of the Lebensraum of the cultural and cconomic

bio- d of that nation...."

And he also said:

"....as the task of a whole generation, the entire territory

of the Vistula and not only the gosent gain in the East

should be settled by Germans .... the present Slovakia,

the present Hundlary, the present Roumania, must be reorganized

The situation appears t me to be ripe....I believe that

vie should obtain in a short time a single German administra­

tion for this entire territory."1571

29 Jnly 1946-MDMR-8] Ahuna H0191 041

This is a passage from a letter of SeyssJnquert to Bormann of 20 July 1940 -

3615-FS.

Seyss Inquert endeavored to realize the great political idea of

the party: conquest of space at any price. He used all his resources

for the annexation of Austria, of which he was a native. He admits that

he worked for 20 years to realize the idea of the Inschluss. And we have the

proof of his collusion with Korrad Henlein for the reunion of the Sudeten

territory with Germany. Finally, in Holland he bound that country political J

and economically to the Reich. Furthermore, he is personally responsible t

for the systematic pillage suffered by Holland, for the deportation of

part of the population and for measures which provoked f ami no.

Speer became a member of the Party in 1933. He was appointed by

Hitler’s pers nal architect, and in this capacity he came into very close

contact with the Fuehrer. As chief of the Todt Oranization from February

1942 on. Munitions Chief in the Four Ycars ilan since liarch 1942, Minister

of Munitions since September 1913, he was one of the high ranking offi on als

both in the State and in the Farty. Speer exploited more than a mi 11 i on

men in the Todt Organization, and in 1943 more than 50,000 deported French-

men in the territory of the Ruhr alone. He is rosponsiblo for the mal-

treatment cf foreign workers in German factories, particularly in the Krupp

plants. He employed more than 100,000 war prisoners in t he armament incus-

try. His delegates were authorized by the OKW to go to the camps and to

select skilled workmen. He exploited the labor of the concentration camps,

more than 32,000 men, as he has hi:.self admitted. He visited Mauthausen

and shared the responsibility for the deportation of Jews "into special

working comps, as wrell as the 100,000 Hungarian Jews vhovro assigned to

aircraft factories.

Von Neurath, who had been Minister for Foreign Affairs since 1932,

remained in this office when the Nazis seized power in 1233. He continued

o ccupying this post until 1939 an- was, together with his services, gradually

absorbed in the growing state "erty Machine. Es a member of the governnwant

from t he very outset, he was familiar vith the political ideoL gy of te

movement. If he claims to have been radically upset in 1937 when he learned

that Hitler was planning aggression, he nonetheless remained in his office11,572

29 July 1916-8-5 i.huna HO191 -0042

and lid nothing to dissuade Hitler. On the c ntrory, it was his favourable

opinion that encouraged Hitler to militarize theleft bank of the Rhine,

which constituted the first stage in the war of aggression for the conquest

of space. He remained Minister of the Reich up to the end .... His presence

encouraged conservative Germany to cooperate with Hitler. King pin of

the karty State machine, von Neurath was closely connected with this machine

in the crimes of extermination of which he had full knowledge.

....On 31 August 1910 von Neurath transmitted to jr. Lammers two

Notes Verbales, the one drawn up by him, and the other by his secretary of

State Frank, both of which advised the total germanization of Bohemia-

Moravia and the elimination of the Czech intelligentsia. One of the two

re ports contains the following lines, and Von Neurath accepts the full res­

ponsibility for it since he transmitted it:

"-S regards the future orgnizati on of Bohemia—Moravia, all

considerations shoul d be based on the goal set for this

territory, from the political and nati nalpolitical angle.

From the political angle there can be but one goal: the

total incorporation into the Greater German Reich; from

the national political angle, the settling these territories

completely with Germans, A brief survey of the actual posi­

tion as it presents itself from observations and expcrience

gaindd since the annexation in regard to the political and

national-political angle, indicates the path to be follcwed

in order to reach the clear and unequivocal goal; .... Things

present themselves in such fashion that a decision must be

taken on the fate ofthe Czech people so that the objective,

which is incorporation of the country and populating it with

Germans, might be achievod quickly and as completely as

possible." (Document 3859-1s)

Fritzsche served the Tarty before it came to power, but he did not

join until 1933 and quickly turned into a remarkable propaganist. In the

course of the war he became the head of the Radio Service, of the Reich.

Expressing the grcat idea of the system, he inci ted to the massacre of the

Jews.14573

29 July 1946-1-Pn-8-6 Ahum HO191 -0043

M-reover, his rep.atod speeches endeavored to implant into the

German people ‘s minds the idea that the Jews and Democracy endangered its

very life, and that it was to yield itself without reserve to the men vhom

rrovidence had sent to govern them.

12572

29 July-M-MB-9-1 iriceH0191 -0044

Schacht’s position is somethin special. On his case I shall -o into

greater details. He presents himself here as the victim f the System and

pretends to be surprised to find himself here at the side . f Kaltenb runner, w

was his gaoler. Schacht told us that the program of the party did nt appeal

to hime Still, during the Session of 21 May, 1946, f rmer Minister Severing

declared that he had learned from a communication of the Berlin Police that

Schacht had been holding conversations with the Nazi Chiefs. He added that

Schacht’s relations with plutocracy and with militarism im ressed him as most

compromisin , and that he himself would not have wished to join the same

Cabinet as Schacht.

He know that as early as 1939 Schacht had established contact with

Hitler bringing to him his credit both in Germany and abroad. Nati nal Socia,

lism benefited fr m this in a c.nsi. erable measure.

At the rally of the Nati nal Front as Harzburg, in October of 1931,

SCh cht to.k his seat y the side f Hitler, Hu enberg and. Seldtec He had

already attemted to brin Hitler into the Bruenin • Government. Schacht

organized the financing of the decisive elect! ns f March 1933 in the course

of a reunion of the leacin in ustrialists in Gocrino's home, on which occa­

sion Hitler delivered a speech. USA 874. From the moment f the seizure

of 1 ower, Schacht 1layed an outstan. in role in the machinery of the Party

and. of the State. He became President . f the Reichsbank and Minister of

Economy. On 19 January 1939 he left the Reichsbank, but he became Minister

of State an-. held that post until 21 January 1913. lever subtle and kn wir

how to hice h s thou hts behin ircny or ins lence, he never c mnittec him­

self completely, tut it is also established that he persistently demanded

extension of vital space for Germany, when he trie to , ut people n the

wron scent by speakin f colonial claims an the remark was made by his

interlocutors that consi erin- world. c n litions no ossession of colonies

could assist Germany in solvin her d mestic problems, he neglected t answer

He knew h W to use threats t. wards emocracies and. even resorted to black­

mail when remarkin on a Party success durin a visit to America. He stated.*

”I warned in the clearest ; ossi ble lanuae by sayin. : if you in

forei: n countries do nt change yourpolicy towards Germany, there will very

soon be many more members an'. adherents to Hitler's Party.” 12575

29 July—M-MB-9-2 rice

He also said : H0191 -0045

"This is all quite clear : we ask for more space in rder to feed our

peoplel.

What part did he play in the development f this criminal policy ?U4S soon as he came to the deichsbank, a hue program for financing public

works was launched; new railroads, mot r highways, all f them works of

strategic interest, Moreover, an important portion f the credits was secre­

tly used for purely military purposes.

From 1935, on, rearmament was speeded up under the vigorous im ulse

of new financial measures devised by him. The academic and upright econcmist

turned into an adventurer in order t: carry int bein • the rend idea f the

party • Pv means of accommodation drafts : the 21 E F 0 drafts, rearma ent

was financed. Issued on a dravree wh hac r video n cover, a S ciety create

to serve the pUrpse, the drafts ha. blank end rsement by a sec nd similar

Society ....

When issuin the first draft the drawer annexed extensi n drafts calculated i:

such a way that the last becamJ due in January r MWarch 1912. Then lot kinr-

ack, the selection f that date attains full si nificance. The year 1922

was the time a ointed by Schacht f r the term f his svincle. He h ed that

by then the war would help him t s. Ive the roblem. The ri-inal draft was

disc, untec. by the deichsbank. The bills were n t subject t fiscal law in

-r-er to revent the evaluation f the volum in circulati n By neans f the

moCificati ns in the yield of the taxes. The ojerati ns were veiled in the

utmost secrecy. All the available credits in marks were en a. ed bythe

deichsbank in these armament drafts as far back as 1935. At the end f

1938 there were 6 million 11 E F 0 drafts in the assets of the deichsbank and

6 million t. discount, f which 3 milli n were sh rt term. At the due date,

Schacht could n t but be aware that there were nly three . ssible s luti ns:

1) C nsolidati n f the debt by f rei n l ans, but these would be

refused f course to a nazified an verarme Germany;

2) an inflati n c m arable to that f 1923 but this woul: have meant

the end of the regime;

3) War.12576

29 July-M-MB-9-3 in inn iiniiiii

HO191 -0046

The imortance of the re-armament financed by Schacht u to 31 December

1938 is sh wn by the calculation made by us and by Mr. Gerthcfer of our dele-

nation in particular (we annex his report hereto.) Let us n t foret that

Eibler, in his letter f 19 January 1930 to Schacht , wrote t the latter ,

"Your name will above all and for ever be connected with the first ; eriod of

nati nal re-armament”.

From 1 • ril 1935 to 31 December 1936 theexgenditures for Germany’s re-arma­

ment which we can now discover alth ugh . art of them are missin, amounted to

three hundred f rtyfive million four hundred an.. fifteen million francs.

Durin the same i orio France spent nly thirty five milliard nine hundred and

sixty four million francs. This was Schacht’s work and only his work. Such

a discrepancy shows quite clearly what Schacht’s aim was. In 19L0 the same

proportion was found again on the battlefields f France : ten German armou­

red divisi ns a ainst one French.

The retirement of Schacht from the Heichsbank or from the ' inistry f

Economics can in n way militate in his favour. Difficulties arose between

G-erine and him in regard t the carryin ut f the Four Year Plan. Schacht

did ntwish t, be sub rdinate to Gering. He resi ned from the Ministry f

Economy on 26 N vember 1937, but remsixca ^resident of the heichsbank and

Minister without rcrtf. lio. On 7 January 1939 he handed Hitlor a memorandum

in which h. established that the volumen f the EFO drafts in rirculati. n

through his evm fault was becomin a menace t the currency. Technically

his -ositien at the Heichsbank had ec me im ossi 1. The causes theref .re

underlyin his departure were questi ns f ec n mic r anizati n, not oliti-

cal reasons. He, however, remained Minister vithout rcrtf lio. He resi. ned

this post only in January 191,3 at the time f the Stalin rad defeat, when

the rarty-State machinery as well as the Reich were be innin. to break down.

Evidently he was of no more use them. but it is equally evident that he mioht

have be come useful aain later on as n.tiat r f peace.

Is the balance of his political descent due to the intriues we can now

guess at of Hitler’s advisers. Was it machiavclism n his part r was it bad

luck ? It is f little importance. This nefarious man who succeeded in

rounding up and in handing ver to

12577

IIIHIIIIIII29 July-M-10-1-O1I-Cumoletti. HO191 -0047

Hitler all the financial and incustrial pangcrmenist powers, who helped

Hiltur to size power, vho by his presence ins ired c nfidencc in Nazi

Germany, wh succeeded thr ugh his financial wizardry in providing Ger-

mony with the m. st powerful war mechino of the time, and who Cid all this

t. enable the Party-State machine t3 rush to the conquest of space, this

man was no of those mainly responsible for the criminal activities of

the party—St tu ncchincd. His financial elver cness was that of the Nazi,

State, his porticipati n in the crime of that State is bey .nd doubt. It

is capital. His guilt, his responsibility are complete, ith regard to

the last of Hitler’s confidants, Bormann, we know that he assumed the res­

ponsibility of the liquidati n of the Jews. There is no need to say any­

thing further.

I am now through with the demonstration of each d fendant's guilty,

nct that the subject is exhausted, but the time allotted by the Court for

each Prosecution expound his address to the Court only allows us to prepare

the draft of a working plan, deserving of systematic execution. The

example illustrating our thesis c uld be multiplied. Al the facts sub

nit ted during the last nine months by the four dolcgations fit wit hut

any eff rt within our plan, and this single fact proves that our logic is

unimpeachable and c nf rms strictly to roclity: .

Thus we consicer that the pruof has been furnished that all these men

have been a party to tho crime of the German State. That all these men

were, in fact, united in the pursuit of the seme political purp sc cn.l

that all of them hove in ne way or a th or porticipatod in the greatest

crime of .11: genscide, the cxtcrminati on of the races or pc..plc frum

which they intended t c nqucr the space they doomed necessary for the

s o-collec Germanic race.

ve have all heard the objections raised by the defense c unscls.

Dr. Seidl stated than m st f rcibly ( n page 25 of his speech on behalf

of Frank).

"The law in furce starts from the

fundanental principle that the sub­

ject of international Law is solely

the sovereign state and not the single

individual...." 12578

g00,29 July-h-10-2-.0-Cumoletti. HO191 - 0048

In conclusicn he denies you the right of sentencing these men.

First let us say that net one of the defendants was the "single

incividual" that Dr. Seidl speaks about. Hc think that we have

demonstrated their co-oporati on and their solidarity, strengthened

by the Party system veyond the usual intercourse between the llinis-

ters and the principle administrators of any democratic c untry.

Let us yet observe that it seems intolerable for any sensitive

c nscience to assure inmunity to the men who have lent their intelli­

gence, their cod will to the "State" entity, t slaughter as is the

case, millions of human beings in the execution of a cririnal p licy

long since decided on. The principle of State sovereignty wii ch might

cover these men seems tu be only a mask. Remove this mask, and the

man’s responsibility rcappears! Maitre Scicl knows it vas we do.

But he states "Such is the International Law in force"* What a res­

pect on his part for the law in force, and how surprising in his mouth

the words which follow. A few moments later, examining the Hague C n-

ventions of 1907, which, let us remember, have not been denounced by

any of the signatories, not even by Germany, he satisfies, under stress,

that, inspired by the experiences of the wors of the XIXthe century,

they are no longer valid in the Xth. Modern wars would have broken

through the limitations foreseen by the Hague Conventions, and he

states further:

"One cannot make use f the modalities

of the Hague Convention regarding land

warfare - even in the wicos sense and

with an adequate adaptation to f ound

there an a personal penal responsibility".

Thus for Dr. Seidl, Internati cnal Law is static when he bcHvcs he can

draw favorable conclusi ns therefrom, but this law is also in the pro­

cess of evolution vhen it conderns his client.

Such dialiectics arc very weak, which make use of paralogism and

are fallacious. Maitre Seidl is well versed in the art f sophism;

but he convinces no one.12,579

29 July-M-10-3-iOw-Cumoletti. HO191 -0049

The irmunity of the Chiefs of State and of their associates was

hardly cenceivalle when they accepted the principle of the submissien

of wars to the restrictions and rules of ccnmon lew, conventions and

the rights of people.

This irmunity becomes intolerable, as soon as they free themselves

of every rule, and under pressure of the universal conscience an eve-

lutiin of intcrnati nal custom takes shape qgninst it. I have already

shown in cuncluding my statement in February last, I will not revert

to that point. It should be n ugh to add that the Charter of 7 august

1945, considcring thwe work of the different commissions of war crimes

of 1940 at the capital tin, maintained the exclusions f a Fronchnen

ml. de Lapradelle at the 1919 Ter Guilt C imission. It is because of their

acts comnitted on behalf of the Gcrann State that the cefandonts are

arrazned before yx - and if it is necessary that law sh uld reinf rce

the authority of custom, the Statute of London, Cram up in a.cc rdence with

the significance of the cv lutian of c nnon law in course of f-rmation,

justifies Stillmore our study of the defendants’ responsibility in regard

to the crimes cannittou for such a State, irticlo 6 of the Charter c. n-

cerns ■. nly with crimes committed for such a state.

The impression from the final pleadings is given that most of the

Defense Counsels put all their hopes on a narrow juricical or pseudo-

juridical reasoning.

Numerous questions were deb tod. are there just and unjust wars,

defensive wars and wars of aggressi n, is there, yes or no, a worlc-

wide juridical conscience, are there unequivocal critoric ns of aggression?

This is what makes the defense anxi us, not knoving to what extent it is

expedient to punish those who have collaborate;.. in the machincry of ex-

t ermin ati n.

Vheh the Defense C unsls speak of "law in force" it is to deny to

this Tribunal the right to cndenn, and Dr. Jchrrciss Cenied all authority

to the law"such as it should be c nccived" in the light of nlralijy and

progress (page 3). All forget that the lav; in force is n t nly the

law of the past, the only one which they invoke, bu that the law in

force is also the one that the judges invoke in a concrete manner from 12580

IllllIIIllIIIIIlIlI29 July-I-1c-I-.ot-Cun letti. 191 0050

the Bench,: All forget th it jurisprudence evolves vith the times. There

where there is no written law, one can only speak of the preceding ten­

dencies and find cut if they are stil valid and can be invoked. In any

case, the charter must be applied.

But let is n w follow this any further. We would ourselves confuse

the issuc, •

The sole fact f this trial, the fact that dominates all others, is

the ne of the nethocical, systematic extermination of all the men vho

occupied the space ccvetc. by Germany.

Other crimes have not certainly been committed, but only as means

t.. the end. One is tempted to Say secondarily and accossarily, so much

is one -verwhelncd to such an extent by the atrocity of the final crime.

One snould be impressed by this atrocity, onc sh. uld understand well

the danger that such a preqodne is created for humanity and therefore

demand adequate punishment.

These men’s crimesis not a si. pie one, we have already shown that..

The c mmon criminal knows his victi, he sees it». He strikes him him­

self and knows the effect of his blow. Even if he is only an accomplice

he is never, m rally and psychologically, sufficiently far removed from

the chief perpetrator not to share to a certain extent his apprehension

and reactions when the blow is delivered and the victim falls.

Comitted by the State machine, murder, or any other crime, becomes

anonymous. Nobody bears the chief responsibility. Everybody shares it, N

those who, by their present maintain and support the acministrati on,

th.se who conceived it, those who willed it, as wrell as he who issues

the order. As for Che executioner, he repeats t. himself: "Befchl ist

Befehl", IAn order is an Order" and he carries out his killers task.

Those who decide do it without shuddering. They have perhaps, not

an accurate, concrete idea of the consequences of their orders. Thus

the amazement of some of the accused in the few minutes after the show-

in of the film about the camps must be understood. As for those who

promote the execution of the crime by their general cooperation in the

work of Party and State, these have the feeling of being passive wit­

nesses of a scene in which they are no concerned. Indeed, there is no 22,581

IllllllIIlll/IlIlIIIII 29 July-M-lo-4-AOl-Cumoletti. HD191 -0051there is no punishment to be feared. In the Gcrnan schene the State and

the Party are str ng, and determined to remain so for a thousand years*

They have destroyed Justice.

In the Internati nal scheme, too, the prevailing code ensures im­

munity or at luast is believed t. ensure it. Mcrcocver, there exists

no permanent international jurisdiction that can stand up against gang-

st or St tes. As for the possibility of a military failure, nobody stops

to consider it in vicw of the seemingly thorough precuati ns taken. It

is in fact remarkable that the culmination of the massacres cincided

wirth due consideration for the delay necessary for the operatien of the

gas chambers, with the period in which the State and regime believe in

the certitude of victory, or have not yet taken the omens of defeat

Suri usly. It is really the perfect anonymous crime as imagined by the

French mralist when he propounded the case of the mandarin as a test of

moral conscience. And conditions were all in favor of absence of reacti n.

The facts have demonstrated th t ncne of these men felt a decisive recoil in

those c nditi ns.

Lst of therm, indeed, feel that they had played a part in the tragedy.

They have, I think, been m re intent on relieving their conscience than.',

on attempting to deceive their judges by casting their guilt on their

neighbors. Few of them have had the c. urage to acknowledge, as did

Schirach and Frank, that they wero c onponents and part of the -whole system,

and as such c uld not evade their rosp onsibility. At the rist of letting

the guilt fall upon the German people which proved incapable of rejecting

their evil master, the others excusec themselves. They attumpt, in the

exp. siti n of their case, to miniize tesponsibilities in the h pc f c .n-

jurinc them away, but since it is true, as was stated by Severing and prc-

vi usly by the lnyr of Oranienburg, and the liny or of Buchenwald and was

confirmed by Frank, that it was whispered all over Germany that, people di cd

in camps as everybody now knows, Co they hoc t. nke us bclicve that they

alone were in ignorance thereof?

12582

Illll ■■HillHO191 -0052

29 July-I~JT-11-1-Saslavr

The less puilty among then, if one can establish a hierarchy among "major

criminals", did not dare to object, but their criminal covardico had such

appallin'- consequences that there cannot possibly be any extenuation of penalty.

As vre see now, State -committed crime in a ropime where State and Party are

one, and where there is no popular control through lack of froodom of thought,

freedom of expression and lack of free elections, State-committed crime is of

all crimes the easiest to commit subjectively spoalting. Moreover, the technica

progress made the world over has put almosb cvery natural force at man’s service

His capacit for evil has been considerably increased thereby.

Moral restraint has mcanrhilo been slackened by the pursuit of materialist!

gratification which is also the corrupt fruit of material progress unbridled by

intellect.

In ye nor al, crir.dna.lity seems to increase in every state despite the

highly improved methods of repression. In the international scheme tho process

is similar. It is only on a larger scale, because so far thero have been no

means of repression on an international scale. Industrial revolution and the

devolo nont of natural sciences have multiplied tho virtual povror of States.

If the State concentrates in its hands natural wealth in its czoploitation, if it

accentuates its 'rip upon credit by monetary manipulations, increase of taxation

multiplication of free or forced loans3 and still further bind the populations

to its fate by the development of. public charity: control thought by radio

propaganda; use to this end eloquent propagandists capable of stirring blind

mob passions within the most scattered and the most peaceful of nuen; if this

State a t the same time annihilates in its opponents every mode o? cppression,

prevents all popular control, all, including private, criticism it becomes a

despotic ruler holding in his hands tremendous means of action for better or

worse. Evory criminal technicality is within its reach and at can make use of

them without restraint, unless, Gentloncn, you insert the clnent f sanctions

in International Law. It must henceforth be possible to pt an end to the

criminal activity of a gansster State through the power of a super - State

organization directed by a lotal institution of the sama .kind, otherwise the

freedom of nations is doomed. The weapons of revolt cl1 from their hands the

day vhen States and States alone could possess methods of destruction against

11,583

■IIHIHHO191 -005329 July--JF-1-2-Saslavr

vhich thc courage of citizens rcmains helpless. Operated by a small number of

men devoted to the criminal rogimo, those arms vhich are the proporty of the

States can drovm in blood the slightest attempts at rosistanco, and i.f revolt

against tyranny remains the most sacred of duties, such revolt is now hopeless,

This is the dancer, and Gomany succumbed to it. It is true that favourable

conditions were present there all at tho same time. Under the impulse of the

industrial revolution which ever since 1850 vras more violent in this country

than in any other, a svrecpine change in scial standards has taken place, the

population noanwhilo changins from rural and agricultural to urban and

industrial. From this, there resulted in a lovoring of the spiritual level

vrith disastrous consequences, since the bourgcoisic had received no political

education under the Empire. Doliboratcly kept avray from public affairs by the:

past rulers, tho Goran masses, vrhoro the industrialist upper class and

proletariat are concerned, were interested only in the economic dovclojment of

the Reich, and where the middle class is concerned, only in the Army and in the

future of the Reich. whon, after tho first var, tho Gcrnans were forced to

suffer the disillusionncnts of defeat; vrhen, in a common and embittered

environment all the rancour and resentment as described by defendant Goering

at the beginning of his testimony w.'.s added thereto as well as the bitter

foolin'' of material and social downfall; vixen in particular youth. strove to

materialize its hopes into a concrete roalit, Pangormanisn then awoke, was

spread, popularised and came vrithin the reach of all the dissatisfied. At

the same time, the old antithesis between vitalism and intellectualism, between

culture and civilization, healthy cagcrnoss and decadent lassitude, the cult of

life and the cult of intoll ct has been awoken and crystallized for the use of

simple and puerile brains in the form of the dynemic antithesis between the

Nordic Aryan and the Semitic Jew. Appropriate education has ccsily imposed

this biologic materialism. The cound had lone been ready. The German is

particularly attracted to inculcated doctrine because it alone can make up for

the lack of personal, independent discipline tthich is characteristic of him on

the intellectual and moral plane. He loves anyrthinc that can be IC cited as a

creed simulbancously admitted by everybody, and as a stereotypes phrase easy to

nake use of on all occasions. Young Gormans thercforo learned for their Abitur11,582

linn imiiH0191 -0054

29 July-I-JF-1]-3-Saslavr

edination the six races allowed by Guenther in the s . way as thcy learned

Greuar, and did not drcan of doubtin" the former any noro than they doubted the

latter. And when the Goran mind reproached nctions as lively, as attached to

their soil, to their tradition, to .their supple and varied hunan culture, such

as En Land and France, contontinc thoms elves vrith a miscreble and artificial

intellectualism, vhile it reproached thch with the crino against life (and

Dr. Sochnor was the echo thereof) - the Goran mind created for itself, as a

result of the coarse and facile instructions it clained to inflict upen all,

an intellectualism different to ours in its dangor and artificiality. The aim

of those so-called ethics of Life was a practice and a doctrine of pure collect

social pseudo-scientific, biological - materialistic opportunism. This aim

the sterilizations, the physiolorical experiences in the camps, and 15,000,000

porsons dond. Tho reflection of tho old Tronch thinker flashes irrosistibly

through our minds at this result; "Science without conscience is but ruin of

tho soul" - lToo-ic.chiavollisn, ofvhich Gocrine gave an example in his ■ statement took root ........

I road lately in a final pleading somewhere that rirht in itself does not

exist, and that the search for the boundaries between richt and vrron- is deter­

mined by historical and national standards (Dr. Nolte). Hitler had clrcady

scid: "That vhich is risht is that thich is profitable to tho nation" end Frank

paraphrased thus the testimony of his Defense Counsel, tWhat is profitable for

the people is rirht. The common interest has priority over the i ndivicunl

interest", hilc roadin this, I think of the answer which vould have been

Given b3 bho absolutist Bossuct, vno 1mncu hour to determine the hunan measure.

(The Defense Counsel compared French absolutism vith Nazism; Hore is the answci

12585

HO191 -0055

29 July-' - GIS -11-la-Saslaw.

” Politics sacrifice the individual to the common weal, and this is

right to a certain dogrec. It is good that one man die for the people.

By that Caiphas understood that an innoceni person could be sentenced

to the supreme poanlty under the pretext of the common weal, which is

never allowed, for, on the contrary, the innocent blood cries for

revenge against those who shed it.”

Wo are aware of vrhat could be the result of the Nazi precepts. The wit­

ness Poser related the words of this young German soldier, who, after having

described the mass murders in a ghetto, concluded: "Ah, my dear Friend, it

was horrible, but .... an order is an order". The Tribunal will find at the

end of document F-655 which is in one of the Document Books submitted bv the

French Delegation, Kramer’s terrible reflection. Before being Commandant of

the Borgon-Bclsen concentration comp, Kramer commanded the Natzwillor cam in

Alsace, where he himself asphyxiated eighty persons by gas, the proof of which

has been given. To the question: What would you have done ifall of them had no+

been dead?", he answered: "I should have tried again to asphyxiate them by

injecting a second dose of gas into the room. I felt no emotion at all while

accomplishing these acts, for I had received the order to execute the eichty

internees in the my I explained you. After all I have been trained in that war

What a terrible charge against the system: Before being assasin by order, this

man had been a book-keeper at Augsburg. How many peaceful accountents trained

in that way are left in the Formany of to-day? an'1 now "the innocent blood

cries for vengeance."

You know the crime/ You know why and by what means it was perpet rated.

The heinous crime without precedent is that of the Nation-.1 Socialist "State-

Party", but the defendants in their capacity of chiefs of the National Sociolist

Party ond the great State officials, h ve all accepted major responsibilities

in the conception and perpetration of this crime. Their participation in the

crime of the "State—Party" is their personal error which is covered by no

immu ity whatsoever! and the proof of it has been give for all time.

They must be puni.shod; you are also aware of the dangers to which the

world is exposed by their crime, the miseries, the misfortunes it spread among

mankind.12,586

29 July-’ -GJS-]1-2a-Saslaw HO191 -

You must hit hard, without pity: Let your verdict be just, that is

sufficient! To be sure, there are shades in their guilt. Does it follow that

the penalties themselves must be caried, if even the least guilty as we think

deserves the death-penalty? To-morrow, whence this international trial will be

closed and those principal wrar criminals sentenced, we shall go back to our own

countries whorc, before our own Tribunals we shall perhaps have to prosecute

those who merely executed the orders of the National Socialist State, those vho

were only executioners.

But how could we then demand the death-penalty for another Kramer, for

another Hocss, for the camp commandants who have on their conscience millions

of human creatures by order, if today we hesitate to claim the supreme

penalty against those who were the instruments of the criminal State, the State

which issued the orders.

Moreover the fate of these men lies entirely with your conscience!

This is beyond our competence, our task is finished. Now, it is for you in

the. silence of your deliberations to listen to the innocent blood crying for

justice.

THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal will adjourn.

(A recess was taken until 1400 hours.)

1)586

29 July-A-MB12-1 Illlll/IIIII ■■HO191 -0057

AFTERNOON SESSION

( The hearin reconvened at 1400 hours, July 29 1946)

THE x RESI DENT: I call on the chief prosecutor for the Union . f S viet

Socialist Republics*

GENERAL RUDENKO: My L rd, y ur Honors :

We are summing up the results of the legal proceedin s against the maj :

Germnan war criminals.

During nine m nths, all the aspects f the case and all the evidence, ’resen­

ted to the T ibunal by the Pr secuti n an by the Defense , have been subjec­

ted to the most meticulous and detailed examinati n.

N t a sin le point f the dueds with which the defendants have been

accused, has been left without verificati n, not a single significant circums-

tances has been overlo ked during the investigation f the . resent case.

For the first time in the history f mankin . criminals against humanit.

are bein held responsible f. r their crimes before an International Criminal

Tribunal; for the first time, nati ns are tryin th se wh had inundated

vast oXganses of the eart with blood, wh had annihilated millions f inn -

cent people, destroyed cultural tr; isures, wh had made a system f massacres

tortures, extermination f aged pesple, women ano. children,who had made a

wild claim to the mastery f the world an hurled it into an abyss f unheard-

of calamities .

Indeed, this trial is the first of its kind in the history of justice.

A Tribunal sits in judgment, a Tribunal created by the p eace-1. ovin and free-

dom-lovina countries, wh. represent the will of and wh . defend the interests

of the vh ole progress-lovin ■ mankind, for mankind does n t wish the recurrenc

of calamities, which will not permit a ganc f criminals t carry ut with

imp unity their preparations f r the enslavement f nations and the extermina­

tion of peoples, prior to . utting their heinous lans, into effect.

Mankind calls the criminals t account; anc on the behalf of mankind

wh, the prosecutors, accuse at this trial.

And how pitiful are the efforts to dispute the ri ht f mankin to

judge the enemies of mankind, huw " in the attempts t deprive nati ns f th.

right to punish those who made the enslavement anc the extermination of peo­

ples -their aim, and who for many years strove to realize this criminal aim 11,588

HO191 -0052 9 July--T-12-2 Karr

by criminal methods..

he present trial is bein conducted in such a manner that the defendant

Who are accused of the most heinous crimes, are . iven all the possibilities

for a defense, all the necessary legal guarantees.

In their own country, the defendants vho stood at the head f the Government,

destroyed all legal forms of justice, and discarded all the principles of le

proceedin s accepted by civilized mankind.

~ut they themselves are being tried by the International Court in accor.

dance with all le al guarantees and they are assured f all their defense

rights.

We are now summin up the results f the lecal . r ceedin s, we are

drawing c nclusions from the evidence examined bef re the Court; vre are

c onsiderin all the data u, on which the accusati n is based.

We ask : were the charges put a ainst the defendants proved bef re the

Court; has their guilt been established ?

To this questi n, there is only ne answer : the le al proceedin s ful

confirmed the charges.

We incirimnate the cef endants nly cf th se facts which have been fully

established and 1 roved to the Court boy nd all doubt, whilst all the mens-

trous crimes have indeed been 1 roved, crimes which were prepared over a peri

of many years by a band of wild criminals, wh seized power in G,rmany, and

who perpetrated these crimes during many years, havin no regard for the

principles of law or the most elementary standards f human morality.

-hese crimes have bee proved; the defendants’ testimonies and the

argunents of the cefense have been powerless to contend the charges; they

cann t be cuntended ecause it is im ossicle to contend the truth, and truth

is the lastin' result of this trial, the unfailin issue f our lon and

stubborn eff rts.

A’ tne elements of the charges huve been r . ved, it has been roved

that there existed a common plan r consirancy for the x reparati on of ageres

sive wars, in violation of internaticnal law, the 1 lanned enslavement and

the extermination of eoples, in 1 rhich the defendants t ok part.12,589

HO191 -005929 Jtly-A-MB—12-3 Karr

•'•here can be no doubt as to the existence of such a plan or conspiracy

just as there is no doubt about the leadin part played in it by the defen­

dants a

Tnis point of the accusation is confirmed by all the data broucht in

during the le al proceeding, by irrefutable documents, by the testin’ nies f

witnesses and of the defendants themselves.

All the activity cf the cef encants was directed towards the 1 reparation

and the initiation of a. ressive wars. All their so-called "ideological work

consisted in the cultivation of beastly instincts, in the intillation -f the

absurd idea of racial superiority in the c nscience uf the German people and

in the practical realization of the plans f r extermination and enslavement

the peoples of Tinferiortraces, wh. were supposed to serve as a fertiliser

for the gr wth f the Inaster racci. Their” ide clogic al work" consisted in

calling t murder, to lunderm to the destruction f culture, and the ex-

termination of human beings.

The defendants prepared these crimes ion - in advance and then committed

them, attacking other countries, seizin- forei n territories, exterminatinr

people.

When was this i lan r conspiracy c nceived ?

Of course, it is hardly possible t ive an exact date, day and hour, n whit

the defendants conspired to commit their crimes.

We cannot and shall not establish ur c nclusi ns and. assertions n

guesses ant suppositions, but it st be c nsicered as established beyond

d ubt that from the aoment when the fascists seized power in Germany they

started the realization cf their aims and. utilized this 1 ower for the re-

paration f a. । ressive war. Indeed, immediately, after their seizure f paw

the fascists be an to carry ut a .u e tr ram f rearmament and rec nversi 1

of economy f r war ur.oses.

All the activity of the cefendants was directed towards the ; reparation

of Germany f r war.

This rearmament and reconversion f economy f r war 1 urp oses is an irrefutab

fact j it has been proved by documents ano admitted by the defendants themsel

ves*14590

29 July-A-MB-12-L Karr HO191 -0060

We may ask, what was this war for which the cefendants began to prepare

immediately after the seizure of power ? C uld this be a defensive war ?

But nobody intended attacking Germany; nobody had such an idea, and in my

opinion such an idea could not have even existed.

As Geramny was nt preparing for a defensive war and in as much as the very

fact that she did prepare for war is established it is evident that she was

1 re arin for a war of a. gression, “hat is the 1. ic of the facts and such

are the facts themselves. Germany initiated and wared the war which she had

been 1 regarine, anc the events of 1937-1939 were that for what she had been

reparina in 1933.

Hence we may c nclude : the plan or the c ns iracy existed at least

since 1933, ceo, from the moment when the bascists seized the power and used,

it for their own criminal urposes.

These are the facts which are c nfirmed by the words . f the defendants

themselves uttered at a time when they did not sugpose that they ever w uld b

defendants in this d ck.

it is enou h to mention the addresses cf Schacht, Kru 1 and others in

which they describe h w the Fascist Government was ; reparin. f r war and how

all the fields of political and economic life were subordinated to this one

iur ose.

I c. nsider fully proved tne char es aainst the defendants to the effect

that in 1933 when the titlerites seized the rower in Germany they created a

plan or censiracy inclucin ■ the eretrati n f crimes a. ainst peace, war

crimes and crimes a-ainst humanity.

The leal proceedin's have fully proved the crim s a ainst j eace , er etr

ted by the cbf endants which consists in lannin , ; re, arin , initiatin’ and wa

gins as ressive wars, in violation of internati nal treaties, agreements and

assurances.

The facts here speak for themselves; wars which invclved innumerable

victims and destructions; wars, the a gressive nature of which has been

undoubtedly established.

•‘■he guilt of the defendant s in havin c mmitted crimes a ainst eace

has been fully proved.

29 July-A--12-5 KarrHO191 -006

Tje charge f gcr_etratin war crimes, in wa in war by meth ds contrary to

the lavs and customs of war, have been fully 1 roved,

Neither the defendants themselves, nor their counsel, could dontest the very

facts of their having committec these crimes.

All that they could say to this, was that the efend ants themselves had

nct committed these atrocities the' extermination f pe ple, ’’murder vans” and

concentration camps; they had not destroyed the Jews with their own hands, and

had not even known about such particular facts. But that such facts existed

the defen ants themselves do n t deny.

The defendants admit these facts,

This is indeed fruitless method of defense I

Certainly, the defendants occupyin hi h leading posts in Hitler’s Germany we r

in no need of shootin , han in- , smotherin , freezin ; live people themselves,

by way of experiment.

Their subordinates did that accordin t, their insturcti ns; henchmen did,

so to say, the cirty work whilst the defendants only had to ive orders which

were unwaveringly obeyed,

Therefore, the attempts of the efen ’ants to deny their connection with the

henchmen, to separate themselves from them, were hopeless.

This connection is evident and indis, utable. If the Commandant of Auschwitz

Rudolph Hoess, pulled out the golden teeth, of the dead, we may say that the

Reichsminister, Walter Funk, opened special safes in the cellars of the

Reichsbank t< kee, these ..olden teeth in.

If the subordinates of Kaltenbrunnar exterminated people in "murder vans", the

vans themselves were built at the works f Sauer, Daimler and Wenz, which

were subordinated to the defendant S eer.

If the prisoners of war were destroyed by L rofessional henchmen f the unit

"Toten Kopf” (Death Head Unit) and by the guards of the camp, the orders to

exterminate were si ned by Fieldmarshal f the German Army, Kitelo That is

to say, the defendants appointed the terms of extermination, the date and ♦

issued +he riders to create a special technique of murder, explained the rea­

sons for the right f the master races to exterminate "inferior races,” 11592

29 July-aMD-12-6 Karr HO191 -0062

For every murder, for every drop of inn.cent blocd shed by Hitler’s henchmen

the defendants are responsi le, for between them and the direct perpetraters

of the crimes, murdern torture, there is a difference nly in rank and scope

of action; these were direct henchmen, and these are the principal henchmen

the chiefs of the henchmen, henchun of a higher grade. They are far more

dan. er us than those trained in the spirit of hatred towards humanity and

wild fanaticism, whom they now rej_udiate in order to save themselves.

The c riminality of the defendants in the per etrati n of war crimes, has been

fully proved; that they initiated a system . f exterminatin war 1 ris ners

Luaceful inhabitants, women, old men ani children; it is their fault, that

wherever the German soldier stepped, there lay heaps of murdered an. tortured

people, ruins an places left barren by fire, land desecrated and soaked with

blood.

29 July A LJG 13-1 HO191 -0063

Th c crinos committo cgoj.nst hunnity hr. vo boen completely provod,

"O ccnnot onit tho crinus conitto By ho dofondenis in Gornany

during thoir domination; tho oxtormina t ion of all those vho

expressed thoir discontont in any wcy with the Kazi rogimo;

si-, .vo lebor ana oatorninction of people in concentration ccps,

mass extermination of Jows, and, the sco slcvo labor and oxtop-

ninction of people in the occupiod territories. 111 this has

boon proved .nd the chorgos are irrogutcblo. te.t mot ns of

defense have the counsels used? Thot kind of proofs and crgunontr

could they ivo to refute the charges?

—o erguonts of the Cooncents may bo Civilod into two

rcn croups. lirst, a nubor of vitnossos sunlono- the

defense counsel. Toso vitnossos had to oxsenucto the guilt

of tho defendants with their evidence, to diminish tho -pt

tckon 3 thorn in ccrmit uinc tho crimes, rohobliteting thorn by

all zocns.

--O8O witnesses thousoIvos wore in most casos dofonCents

in othor trials.

how cen wo spoc.k about tho objectivity and authenticity of

tho ovConco civon by the witnesses of the defense, if tho Imo_

conco of the defendant Funk should be confirmed by his doputy

and ccconplico, a noror cf 33 since 1931, Holler, bocring tho

rank of Czupponfuohror SS; ir tho criminal n-inor, member of

tho Fascist Party since 1930, n1 Gauleiter of Salsbury, and

tl on of Kc.ornton was sunono to civo oviconco on behalf of

Scys s- Inquart ?

Those so called witnesses, sucl as for instance Buohlor -

the right hand of tl:o defendant Frank and accomplice to all his

crinos, or Johlo, one of tho principal loaders of the spying

activities of the Hitlerites abroad and chiof of tho foreign

section of the fescist party, cano here in or'.or to coit a

perjury to try to protect their former " bosses" and to save thoir

own lives.

Nevertheless most of the "witnesses" for the defense during

the cross-oxamination, became \ itnossos for tho Prosecution.1) 1591

29 July A LJG 13-2

They wore thomselve s convictedHO191 - 0064

y the "mute witnossesi - dlocument smostJ Gorman; they thonselvos voro forcod to expose those whom

they hal intended to protect.

Another n0ans used by the defense - are the logal argvment s

and considerations.

The accusation in the present trial is based on an onomou s

quantity of irrefutable facts nd strongly established on the

principles of law and justice. loroforo, already in the opanin,

speeches for the Prosecution, so much attention had boon paid

to the logal aspect of tho responsibility of the defendants.

In the speeches of ho Co onse a nubor of logal questions

woro again raisod:

a) Of the inportenco of the principle "lulla crirnon sine

le co "

D) Of the inportenco of the order

c) Of the responsibility of the State and individuals

d) Of the concept of conspiracy.

In this connection I consider it necessary to return again

to sone loyal questions in order to answer to the attempts of

tho Cofonse to confuso tho sinplo and clocr stetononts and to

tronsform loyal ergunont into n hind of suolto- screen in an

of fort to conceal fro tho Tribunal tho qruosono reality of tho

fascist crimos.

Tho Cofonso attonptoc to Cony tho accusation By proving

that at the tine when the defendants were porpotrating the

ofTonsos incrininating thou, tho latter had not boon foreseen

by the oxisting laws to be crinos, and'.therefore the defendants

boar no criminal responsibility for then.

I could simply refer to tie principle "bulla. Crinon Sine

Logo", as tho Charter of International Military Tribunal, which

is an 2rmutablo law, and which provides that this Tribunal

"shall have tho power to try and punish persons, who, acting

in the interest of European Axis countries, whether as individuals

or as nombors of organization" cornittod ahy of the cri: os onunor-

atod in article 6 of the Charter.11595

29 July A LJG 13-3 HO191 -0065

Thoreforo froil tho logal point of view, sontencc can be

pronounced and carried out vithout requiring the deeds incriminat-

ng to the defendants to hevo boon foreseen y the criminal

law at tho tiro of their perpetration, nevertheless, it is

without doubt that the deeds of tl e defendants at tho timo when

they wore boing cormittoC. woro criminal acts from tho point of

view of tho oxisting criminal law.

The principles of criminal law contained in the Charter of

International Military Tribunal are the expression of the

principles contained in a nuor of international agreomonts

onumorato in my oponing stotomont of 8 Tobruory 1946 and in the

criminal law of all civilized countries.

Ehc law of all civilized countries imposos criminal responsi­

bility for murder, torture, violence, plunder, and so on. Tho

fact that those crimes have boon initiated by the defendants

on a scale surpassing human imagination and bearing the marks

of unhocrd of sadistic cruelty, does not of course exclude,

but on the contrary, increases many times the responsibility of

th e d e f o nd cnts.

If the defendants had committed the crimes on the territory

and in respect of the citizens of any country, accorinc to

tho Doclorction of tho Hoads of tho Govornmonts of USSR, Great

Britain and United States of -morica, published on 2 lovombor

1943, and - in full aarconont with tho waiversally accepted

principles of criminal law, tl cy would have been tried in that

country an. according to its laws.

Hais Declaration set forth that "the Gormon officer’s,

soldiers and members of the azi Party who were responsible for

the cDovo-iontionod cruelties, murders and executions, or who

voluntarily took part in those, would be deported to tho countries

where those cruosome crimes k d been committod, in order to be

tried and punished accordin': to the law of those liberated

countries and free govornmonts which would be established

tl ore. ”22,596

HO191 -006629 July A LG 13-1

Novortholoss, the Cofondants aro wo.r criminals "whose

offenses have no particular coographical locction" (Article 1

of the agroorent of the Tour Powers of the 8 -ugust 19-15), an,

therefore, the Intornctional Military Tribunal, acting in

accordance with the Charter, is compotont to try their crmos.

The Connsol for the dofonant Hoss took the liberty to assort

that there con be no Covbt that tho crimros against poaco, as

they aro stated in article 6, Paragraph 2, of tho Charter, do

not exist.

It is not necessary to me.lto any reference here to the inter­

national agroomonts .

Thoy are chargod with deeds which civilized humanity long

ago ro cognized as criminal.

B. Execution of an Order

Somo of the defendants in thoir stat orients boforo the

Tribunal c.ttompto to present thonsolvos as poor dwarfs, blind

and obedient executors of another’s will - tho will of Hitlor.

In the search for a loyal basis for this attitude, tho

Defense Counsel Jahrroiss spoke at longth about Hitler’s order.

An tho opinion of Counsel Jahrroiss Hitlor's order vras quite

different from tho order of any other leader; Hitler’s order

was an act "legally irmutcblo". Thuroforo, Counsel Jahrroiss

asserts that: "hatovor the Charter understands by the orders

which it rejects, as a factor excluding criminal rosponibility,

is it possible to take tho scmo attitude towards an order of

Hitler? Could this order be considered as an order in the

mcaning of the Chartor?™

Aho right to intorproto lavr is an irrefutable right of all

lowyors, including the Defense Counsels. Novortholoss, it is

unconprohonsiblo what logical or other methods woro guiding his

assertion that tho provisions of the Charter specially olaboratoc

for the trial of ncjor war criminals of the fascist Gormany, lid

not indeed ain at the very conditions of the activity of those

criminals.12,597

mill ini n Illl 29 July A LJG 13-5 HO191 -0067

“hat ordors thon, issued by whon an. in what countrJ, are

contorplatod by the Charter of the Tribunal?It is, on the contrary, nisputeblo that the authors 02

the Charter were fully aware of the specific conditions oxisting

in Hitlerite Gormony, were thoroughly foniliar, by nicans of

tho material of the Kharkov and other trials, vrith the ottompts

of the defendants to hide thensolvos bohine hitler’s orders,

and it is for this very reason that they nc.do a special provision

to the effect that the execution of an obviously crimincl order

does not free from criminal responsibility,

C responsibility of countries and individuals.

TTo third: that the very authors of this attempt to hide a

largo croup of ministers, Gauleiters and war corncndlors behind

Hitler’s back, become to a certain extent, doubtful of the con­

vincing power of such a defensive manoeuvre, and a now line of

defense was sot up to a ssist this manoeuvre.

"If the Goman Koich began an attack in spite of the still-

existent non-aggression oact” - said the counsel Jchrrcs, 51 then

Germany committed an international offense and must answer for

it according to the principles of international law ... the

Reich alone, but not an individual person.“

VIo cannot, in the first place, omit to notice that tho

above point of view is not oxcctly new: oven before the begin­

ning of the official defense c.t this trial, certain unofficial

defenders of war criminals willingly propagated the version to

the effect that it was the German covornmont and the Gorman

nation, who were bo bear responsibility for the criminal

aggression and war crimes and not individual persons.

14598

Illlll■lllllllHO191 -006829 July-A-GES-14-1-Foldt.

Vhen the subject of international lawr, i.0. n state, viol atos the princi

of international law, this entails certain consequences of an international

character, but in no case does it entail the criminal rosponsi ility f

state.Any action on the part of the state in the spherc of international rela­

tions is committed by physical persons, by officials and by the agents f

that state.

In carrying out such acts, those individuals may be cuilty f the most varied

offenses in violation of either the common or the criminal law.

In the latter case, i.e. when their individual criminal responsibility is

involved, they bear this rosonsibilit in appropriate cases, in onformity

with the laws and before the courts of their own country, as well as - if such

is the case - in conformity vrith tho l ws an 1 before the courts of a foreign

state.

In the present case, not only di-1 the Hitlerite State violate rrincizles

of intornati nal law, resulting in measures taken arainst the states, but also

some individuals, in committing those acts, have pars nally committee crimin l

offenses, for which they bear the criminal responsibility in accor once with

the Charter before the International Nilitary Tribunal.

Concerning the concept of cns- iracy

The defense cnunscls are unanimous in tryin, by different ways ond

versions, to dispute the charges of criminal conspiracy made against tho

defendants. Txtrncting from various sources one-silol an1 selected definitions

of the conspiracy, the counsels have tried to prove that Gocring, Hoss, Pib-

bentrop and others cannot be considered as accomplicos f too conspiracy

I should like to quote here several arguments proving the runlessness

of the statemens of the defense.

The conspiracy implies the existence of a criminal society created nnd

actin’ to achieve common criminal purosos. Such a society doubtlessly ex­

isted. I stands to reason that in this case the threads and levers uniting

the members of this c nspirat ory criminal society are very complicated, as 1),599

29 July-A-GES-14-2-Feldt1111 ■Illi ill

HO191 -0069

the conspirators had seized the government of a country.

In any criminal society, and particularly in n numerous society with

many ramifications, single accomplices commit criminal nets comprised by the

gonoral plan of the conspiracy, but they can practically remain unlnown to a

number of the members of this society. Nevertheless, as these crimes result

from a single criminal plan, common to the whole society, the accomplices who

have not personally committed these separate criminal actions and were not

practcally informed of them, bear the responsibility for them,

in this special case the existence of the c nspiracy is not precluded by

the circumstance that, for instance, Schirach could be unawero of some of the

measures taken by the slave trader Sauckel or the "pogrom maker1’ Streicher.

Neither is the existence of the conspiracy precluded by the differences f

opinion among individual accomplcos of the conspiracy concorning particular

questions such as the intrigues of Goering against Bormann etc.

Such dissensions may take place in any bond of robbers or thieves, but the gang

does not cease to exist on account 2 this.

In nearly every society there exists a certain hierarchy among its members.

Very often the head of a criminal band usurps the unlimited power over the

other members of the band, even the very right of life and death.

However it seems that it never occurred to any lavyer in the worl to deny the

existence of a criminal society only because- its accomplices were not alike

and one of them had power over the others.

It is at any rate strange to deny the existence of the c nspiracy in the

present case on account of the indisputable fact that groat personal power was

concentrated in the hands of the ring leader - Hitler. In the samo way the

existence of the conspiracy does not preclude, but on the contrary it implies,

a definite distribution of the parts played by the acc mplices of the criminal

sroup. when achieving the common aim (one coordinates the entire criminal

activity, the other is in charge of the questions of ideological training, the

third one prepares the army, the fourth organises the work of the wror industry,

the fifth carries on the diplomatic preparations, etc.) Therefore, the

Fascist conspiracy does not cease being a conspiracy, but is a conspiracy11,600

2 9 July-A-GES-14-3-Feldt HO191 -0070

which presents special danger, because the whole machinery of the state and

cnormous resources of men and material are in the hands of the conspirators.

In the hands of the international criminals, in the hands of Goering, Keitel

and other defendants, the enormous fources of people become an instrument of

very great crimes.

This is the reason why these special traits that distinguish the con­

spirators of Fascist Germany from any other cong lend it a special dangerous

character without changing the legal character of the conspirary.

Thus I complete the analysis of the legal arguments of the defense, which

were examined in detail by my honorable c lleacues. As you have seen, your

Honors, the arguments of the defense were found to be inconsistent and

incapable of refuting the charges.

Now I shall consider the question concerning the guilt of inivilunl

defendant s.

INDIVIDUAL RBSPONSIBILITY

GOBRING

In Hitlerite Germany the defendant Goering was neat in importance to Hitler

himself. He was his first successor. He took upon himself extensive powers,

and seized the most responsible posts.

He was the President of the Cabinet of Ministers for the Defense of the

Reich, he was the Fuehrer for the dir octi n of German economy — the Pleni­

potentiary General for the Four Year Plan and the Commandor-in-Chicf of the

Lirfo roe. The main point is th t this extensive field was utilized by him and

all his forces were dedicated to the organization an! the rcalizcti n of the

crimes which are set out in the indictment.

As we already know, the essential element of this conspiracy consisted

in the submission of Europe prior to world supremacy of the itlcrite Germany,

regardless of any methods, however inhuman an1 criminal.

3- T ) achieve this aim, a way had to be cleared, as Hitler declared already39

USA in February 1933 at a conference with the prominent German industrialists, 18

and the Parliament system, must be destroyed.

Goering took upon himself this task. He oxterminated ruthlessly the

’ 14601

2 9 July-A-GES-14-4-Fcldt.

political opponents of fascism, and for this purpose carried put mass

arrests of the members of politicol parties unfavourable to the nazism.

He organized concentration camps, where he interned without trial

all people who disagreed with fascism* He created the Gestapo, which

from the day of its birth established a bloody regime of terror. He de-

manded of all the officials in the cams and the Gestapo to hesitate be­

fore nothine - and savagc punishments of the people, mutiliati ns and

massacres, became - under his direction - the elementary working methods.

PS It is he, Gocrinr, who declared: "Each bullet fired from the pistol2324USA of a policement, is my bullet, and if anyone calls it murder, this means 233

that I have committed murder” (from Goering’s book ’Rebirth of a Nation' —

published by him in 1934).

He thus cleared the way for fascism, and paved the way for the un-

hampered progress and the realization of the fascist conspiracy.

PS- Goering was tireless in his efforts to abbihilate everybody and everything 3442USA- which hampered the consolidation of t is conspiracy. Ind Hitler praised 576

him for this. For example, on 13.VII.1934 he declared to the Reichstag

that Gocrinr: ”... with his iron fist smashed the attack against the

nati enal-socialist state before it could take force".

All this terroristic activity of Goering’s was calculated to clear the way

for the realization of the fundamental idea of the fascist conspiracy, i.e.

the c nquost f Europe, ond to achieve worle supremacy of the Hitlerite

Germany.

The legal pr'Goodings hovo proved Goering’s guilt in the plannina and the

proparati n of arsrossivo wars by the Hitlerite Gcrmeny.

Nvmerous ocuments hev_becn presented t the Tribunal, tostifyine to the

.S- active part played by Goering in the initiati n of a grossivo wars. I 5441ISA shall remind you of Gocring’s declaration in 1935 at a conference of the :37

Luftwaffe officers. At t at conferonce he declared tho.t it is his

intention "to create the Luftwaffe which shall strike the enemy as an

avenging blow. Even beforo the attack-, the enemy must feel that his cause

is lost”, and this intention, as we know, he put into effect, preparing

for war from lay to day.111602

HO191 -007229 July--GES-14-5-Feltt

At the conference of the leaders of German air industry, on 8 July

P-140 1938, Goering hints that war is near, and that, if Germany come victoriousUSA- 160 out of it, she will be the most powerful state in the world, dominating

the werld market and she will become rich. To attain this objective

"ie must be prepared to take risks". Such was the slogan which “ocring

throw on that occasion.

On 14.X.1938, not long before he presented demands to Czechs Slovakia PS-1301USA- Gocring declares that he has began carrying out a vast program in com- 123Trans. parison with which previ us undertakings were insignificant.Evn.Sess.23.XI. "In the shortest possiblo time, the Luftwaffe must be increased fivefold;

45,page the Navy must be rearmed at a much gre ter speed, and the Army must be 18.

rearmed much more extensively ... especially as regards the heavy

artillery an'’ the heavy tanks. it the same time, the production of war

materials and explosives must be intensified.

PS-447 The active participation of Goering in thopreparation for aprros-USA-1351185- sion against the USSR has been established beyond, all doubt.PS

USA-141 The Tribunal will find proof of Goerinp’s active participation as

early as November 1940 in the development of a plan for the attack against

the USSR, in the rec rof the conference of 29 April 1941 on the organi-

zation of economic stuff "Oldonbourg", in the record of the conference

which took place on 23 February 1941 at the house of General Thomas, as

well as in the testimony of Gearing himself during the session of 21

March 1946.

It was Goering who, together with Rosenberg, Keitel and Bormann, at

the conference with Hitler on 16.7.1941, gave concrete form to the plans

for the dismemberment of the Soviet Union, the enslavement of its peoples

and the plundering of its riches. The plan to "level Leningrad to the L-221USA- ground and hand it over to the Finns" w-s conceived with his participation, 317

It was he who recommended that hangman of Koch for the post of Rciohs-

kommissar for the Ukraine, as a "personality with orcct initiative and

g ood training" .

14603

-GTS-14-6-Foldt HO191 -0073

USSR- 341 PS-884 USA-351 PS-1191 Trans In.soss . 13,2.46 p SO-

32

Thcrofore, it con be consi dorcd that the cuilt of Gooring in the planning

an1 the preparation of ggrossive wars by the "itlcrito Germany has been

fully establishod, and for this he must bear responsibility.

Hy colleagues have already drawn the attention of the Tribunal to the

criminal treatment of the prisoners of war.

I shall nly remind the Tribunal the testimony riven by the witness Moris luLamp during the evening session of 25.1.1946, concerning the executions

of Soviet, British, French and other officers in the Mauthausen comp,

the extermination camps of uschwitz and Majdanek, the Notes of People’s

Commissar for Foreign Affairs of USSR, Molotov, of 24.XI.1941 and »27,71.1942, presented to the Court, concernin'1- the monstrous treatment in­

flicted by the German vjlitory authorities on the Soviot war-prisoners,

for which Goering is porsonal.lv proatly responsible. I shall also remind

about the lcpositions of the witness Halder on 31.X.1945 which described

the conference at Hitler’s office on the non-apnlication of the Hague

convention with respect to the treatment of Russian war-prisoners and the

orler issued from Hitler’s headquarters on 12.5.1941 concorning the treat­

ment of capture 1 Russian sommanding officers and political workers.

14601,

29 July1946--DMR-15-1 WilliamsHO191 -0074

All these facts of crimes, ests lished beyond doubt before the Court,

have no ne-d for fuzther clarification, as the Defense was un . Lc t. advarice

in their statements any arguments refuting them.

SA-89 In the "12 Coma nments for the behaviour of the Germans in the East"

of l June 1941, the sixth comandmont roads as follows:

"You must clearly understand that for a whole century you

are the representatives of great Germany and the standard-

bearers of national socialism in new Europe. You must,

therefore, vith full conscience of your worth, carry out

the nr st ruthless and most cruel masures which shall be

requested of you by the State."

The initiation of the systematic porsecuti n and exterminnti n of the

Jewish populati n, is a nnected with the name of Goering.

It was he who signed the misanthropic Nurnberg decrees, the decrees

for the apropriatition of Jewish property for the imposing on the Jews

of the penalty of 1 billion and other decrees; such activity was in full

keeping with the whole world f Goering’s conni' nlistic c nc gbi n 'f the

wor id.

S_3158 Lt the trial Goering denied that he was an acherent of ho racial the r. JS/-588Drans. whilst in 1935, he made a speech before the Reichstag inohe Celense of ven.s..1.46 the Nurnberg racial pri vocatorse On that occasion, he louiy declared:

page 21"...God has created races. He did net will equality and

f r this reason we re ject onorgetically every attempt to

pervert tho iba of tne gurity f race eno’

Numerous documents pr osentod to the Court by the Irosocution, expose

the criminal acti s f Gosring inrespect go other n:ti ns.

EC-410 Goering’s order issncd on 19 October 1939 demonstrates clearly the IS/-298 attitude f the defendant tovar.s he lolish people, the olish State.

In an rder relating t the oconomic policy in tho East, issued on

23 May 1941, just before the attack on the USSR, Goering writes as follows

on th attitude towards the Russians:

EC -126 "Germany is nd interested in maintaining the productivityUS.-316USSR-93 in this territory. She is supplying food only to the tro psUSSR-36USSR-60 stationed there .... The population in those regions, and

14605

29 Uuly 1946-A-DR-15-2 TillliamsHO191 - 0075

especially the urban population, is do aimed to starvation*

It will be necessary to deport this population to Siberia.”

USSR-93 In his capacity as Plenipotentiary for the Four Year rlan, GoeringUSSR-36USSR-60 is responsible for the plunder and the spoliation of state property and

personal property of the citizens, carried out by the nazis on occupied

territories of the USSR’ in Czechoslovkai, Poland, Jugoslavia, and other

countries. It was indeed Goering who headed tie activity of the nazi c n-

spirators directed towards the economic plunder of the occupied territories

of the USSR.

1157-1S conference in connection with the elaboration of economic measuresUS.-141

according to case Barbarossa to k place on 29 April 1941, prior to the

treacherous attack against the USSR. As a result of this conference, there

was created the economic staff of. special purpose TOlcerbourgi which was

subordinated to Goering. The creation of special economci inspectorates

and. units in thekrgest centers f the USSR was plannec; theywero to

handle important tasks for the utilization and the plunder of Soviet

i ndu s t ry and a griculture.

USSR-89 The file of the district agricultural fuehrer contained instruct! ns

to agricultural fuehrers, who -were given full freedom in the choice of

meth Cs for the fulfillment of their criminal aims. The demand for ruth­

less treatments f the Soviet peoples, and, .in the first place, of the

Russians, the Ukrainains and the Byelorussians, were put forward.

USSR-2 The report of the USSR Extraordinary State Commission on the crimes USSR-9

comitted by the Hitlerites in Kiev, in the r.gi n of Stalin and other

„lacos, states that these criminal plans of the defendant Goering and his

ncco Hoes vorc for the greater part realized.

To secure the necessary manpower for the German war industry and

agriculture, and at the same time for the purpose of physical e: termination

and the economic weakening of the enslaved peoles, the defendant Geering

and his nec. mplices in the nazi conspiracy, utilized the labour of foreign

w orkers .

L-79 The utilization of forced labour had been planned by the Nazis evenUS..-27

, boforo the var. It is sufficient to remind you of the conference at Hitler’s

office, which took place on 23 May 1939, and in which the defendant Goering

also to k 2 art.14606

IllllIlIIIIIIIIllIIIII29 July 1946-.-DMR-15-3 Williams H0191 -0076

USSI-10 At the inferences cf 7 November 1941 and in his order issued on USSRUSS- 10 January 1912, Goering demanded of all the departmehts subordinated to

379him j the securing of necessary manpower for theGerman industry, at the

expense of the population of th occupied Soviet territories.

On 6,8.42 Goering held a conference with the Reichskomrissars for the

USSR- occupied territories and the representatives of military comand• 170 .

Addressing hinself to the participants in this conference, Goering

said:

tYou .are being sent there n d to work for the welfare of the

peoples entrusted to you, but for the purpose of squeezing

out all that is available ...

You must be like hounds, where there is still something left.

I intend to plunder and to do it efficiently."

Those intentions were carried ut. Goering plunderec; the Rcichs-

ministers plundered, and Reichskomissars for the occupied territcries

plundered; the representatives of military command plundered, beginning

with genorals and ending with ordinary soldiers.

Suchvns the activity of the defendant Goering.

There is not a single measure executed by the fascist party, not a

single step taken by the Hitlerite Government, in which Goering did net

grti cipate.

He participated actively in all thecrmics of the fascist gang and

for all his deeds he must be duly punished.

HASS

The defendant Hess occupied a leading position among the Nazi ccn-

s' irators from the very beginning of the Nazi empire.

Trans. It was Hess wh had beenthe leader of the Fascist organization, f the even. s.7-2-]6 University f liunich, it was he who had participated in the Munich kutsc p, 37-38312-lS It was he, who, together with Hitler had worked at the Bible of Fascism - US.-952

ttluein Kampf", carrying out the duties of Hitler’s private secretary. It

he who had been president f the Central rolitical Commissio n of the

Fascist Farty, and it w s he who had carried into effect the bestial

policy of the Fascist cutthroats as ’’Deputy-Fuehrer” after the seizure

of power.11,607

29 July 1946-a-1R-15.4 Williams HO191 -0077

3196, Itwras indeed Hess to whom, according t o Hitler’s decree of 21 trans.even. s. April 1933,"the full right was given to take decisions on behalf of 7-2 -6j. 38-32 hitler n all questions concerning the leadership of the party.”

Transc: ifter this, Hess centinued to take over one new post after the othereven. s.7-2-]6 in Hitler’s government. ifber 1 December 1933 he was Reichsminister wibb- . 42

37-38 out ortfolio "to secure close codlaborati n of the party aid shock 1395-SG3-252 tr ps with the civil authorities; on 4 February 1938 he was appointed1389-sGB-21 ? mambor of t c secret council; on 30 August 1939, member of the Cabinet 2013—iSGB-250 for thedofense f the Reich, and on 1 September 1939 Hitler declared

Hess as success r o£ Gocring. Hoss was also appointed Obergrupponfuchrer

SS and S.l•

-138 By the Decree f 27 July 1934 Hitler obliged all leaders of all theUs.-L03T-139 departments and ministries of Germany to present projects of laws to Hess US.-Lol

for „reliminary sane tian.

1S-3180 Hoss had t select and nominate lcndershi_ corps of the Fascisttrans.even, s, cadres. This is testified to by Hitler’s decree of 2U September 1935 7-2.16. 49-50 and by other documents sulmitted t the Tribunal by the prosecution.

We must take special notice of the active part played by Hoss in

planning and carrying cut aggressive wars. hl1 the ag_r.ssive actions

of Hitler’s Germany had been planned and repared with the direct assis­

tance of Hess and th eparty machinery of the Nazi was subjected to him.

11-102 Alrony n 12th October 1936 in his speeches made in Bavaria, HessGB-260

appealed t the German "to use a little loss fat, a little less P rk,

fewer cggs...,"."e knew”, said Hess, "that the foreign currency that is

saved in this way, goes f' r armament. An the slogan of the day is

• Cannons instca of butter.”’

1-105 Hess spoke ab ut this on the eve of his flight to England on 1stGB-261transc. ay 1941, speaking t the lesserschmit t factory when he made an appcal cyan s.7/11/16 for the continuati n of an aggressive war.page 56Trans, Together with Hitler, Goering and other leaders of the Nazi con-evon. s.7/11/16 spiracy, Hess signed the decrees concerning the annexation of other page 65

territories seized by the Germans.11,608

29 uly 1916-1-15-5 Williams HO191 -0078

1S-3179USi-200Trans c*

The misenthropic Nurnberg laws, for the publishing of which the

defendant is also responsible, contain a special provision authorizing

7/11/16 Frick and Hess to issue the necessary decrees te carry these laws into

effect, Hess signed the a on the "protecti n of race and honour"

the decree of 11, September 1935 deriving the Jews cf their right to

be employed at public offices, and also the decree of 20 May 1938

extending the Nurnberg levs to austria. The question of the part played

by Hess in organizing t network for sics and terroristic T ups abr ad,

in creating SO (Security Service) .and recruitment f SS units has been

sufficiently elucidated at this trial!

Trensc. The very position occupied by Hess in the Fascist Party and Hitier s

7/11/16 Government shows the active leading participation f the defendant

in the proparati n and realization of the common criminal plan of the

Fascist conspirators, consequnntly an enormous share of the guilt and

responsibility for the crimnos against peace and for the war crimes and

the crimes against humanity

Your H n. urs, in order to evaluate more correctly the importance

of the criminal activity of the defendant Hess as one of the notorious

loaders f the Nazi x arty and Hitler’s Government, I shall remind y u

of the article in the newspaper "Nati nal Zeitung" cf 21 April 1911,

d c die at e d t Hess:

MLiany years ago, it was before the beginning of the war -

Rudolf Hess was called “the conscience of the Party”. If

we inquire why this honorable name was iven to Fuehrer s

de uty, it is n.t difficult to answer this question: There

is n t an event in cur public life that is not connected with

the name f the deputy Fuehrer. He is so versatile and

singular in his verk and in his field cf activity, that they

cannot be described in a few words Many measures carried

out by the Government, especially in the field, cf war econ my

and in the party were realized entirely by the deputy Fuehrer.

Trensc. Hoss refused to give explanations to the Tribunal. His Counsel

22 *8 Seidl declared with false pathos that Hess c nsider.d the present Tribun’

incompetent to jul e the German war criminals .... and immediately after,

wards vith ut a pause he presented proofs in defense of Hess,11609

29 July 1946—..-R-15-6 NilLliams ■ iiihiHO191 -0079

Transc. Hess even tried to declare himself insane to avoid the meritedf 11-301945 punishment. But when Hess convinced himself that such a maneuvreP, 57-58

would nt hel, he was obliged to tell the Tribunal that he ha! simulated

1 SS f memory, that it had been a trick of his and he had to admit that

he bore full responsibility for all that he had done and signed together

with the others.

Thus this clumsy attempt of Hess to avoid the responsibility was

fully exposed at the trial and Hess must suffer punishment to the full

extent, for his participation in the common plan r conspiracy for

committing crimes against peace, war crimes and the most heavy crimes

a ainst the vr rid and against humanity, committed by him together with

the other defendants.

BORMANN

The name of Martin Bormann is closely connected with the setting up

of Hitler’s regime.. He vasone of ths whe committo the most outrageous

crimes, aiming at the annihilation of hundreds cf thousands of people.

Together with the defendant Rosenberg, Bormann carried on a propa-

panda of racial theories and persecuti ns f Jews with cruel perseverance

Numerous instructions were issued by him aiming at the discrimina­

tion of Jews in Hitlerite Germany, which afterward had such a fatal

effect and resulted in the annihilation of Jews.. By this activity of

his, he won the confidence of Hitler, he was ’’authorized to represent

the party in the field f government activity” (regulations and orders

of the party chancellory V. II p. 223) and he did represent it.

Thus, as chief of the party chancellory, he directly participated

in the annihilation of Jews, Gypsies, Russians, Ukrainians, ioles and

Czech: si vaks.

NSTLI under his leadership became a police organization, in close

contact with the Corman secret police and SS.

Bormann n t only knew of all the aggressive plans of Hitler’s

Government, but also took an active part in realizing them.

He made full use of the entire party machinery of NSDI to realize

the aggressive plans of Hitler’s Government, and appointed the party11,610

29 July 1916-.- -15-7 WilliamsHO191 -0080

Gaulciters as rlenipotentiaries for the Reich defense in the regions

of their activity.

The NSDL.I party machinery and Bormann personally, took an active

part in all measures of the German military and civil authorities for

the inhuman exploitation of wer prisoners.

This is proved by the murderous instructions and directions issued

oy Bormann.

11611

HO191 -008

29 July— -GES-16-1—Ah ma

The materials of the -rosecution and the legal proceedings hevo now

established the scope of the mass annihilation caused by the bestial

ill-treatment of the prisoners-of-war.

The party machinery and the defendant Bormann, porsonally bo l: a direc;

part in the measures of Hitler’s government connected with the de­

portation of thepopulation of theoccupiod territores for slave labor.

The secret deportation of Ukrainian girls to Germany for forced

Germanization, was carried out with Bormann’s approval.

By Hitler’s order of 18th October 1944, Bormann and Himmler were en­

trusted with the leadership of tho "Volkssturm" consisting of all men

PS-3018 from 16-60 years of ago, capable of wearing weapons.

On the eve of the sollapse of Hitler's Germany, Bormann headed the

undor-gr un 1 rgonization "Tchrwrolf" for divertionist and subversive

activity behind allied lines.

USA-690 Bormann took a direct part in plunderine historical tronsur s and 169Q-PS

treasures of culture and art in the occupied territories.

In 1943 he made a suggestion to intensify the economic plunder in the

USA-692 occupied territories, oei-rs

Such arc the crimes of the defendant Bormann, Hitler’s closest colla­

borator, who shares the full responsibility for the nvmor us crimes f

Hitler’s government and of the Nazi partv. •t • ‘

RIBBENTROP

Joachim von "ibbentrop wns not only one of the principal instigators

and leaders of the foreign policy of Hitlerite Germany, but he was also

one of the most active participants in the criminal conspiracy.

Having officially entered the Nazi Party in 1032, the defendant

however, contributed to the seizure of power by tho Nazis, before

2829-PS t1 is actually occurred, and he became shortly the official a"visor USA-5

of the Party, inasmuch as he was the "collaborator of the Fuehrer

on matters of foreign policy.

14612

-0082

89 July-A-GES-16-2-Ahunn

Ribbentrop’s promotion is indissolubly connected with the development

f the Nazi c aspirators’ activity which was directed against the

interests of peace.

In his testimony, Ribbentrop declared: "He (Hitler) knew that I was

3essien of his loy1 collaborator". That is why on 4 February 1938, Hitler made

transcript the convinced and fnithful nazi-Ribbentrop, +heOfPic;01 10. c. -f page 19evening) foreign policy, a post which was one of the most imyorten+ 1cvcrs

for the ronlization of the entire Nazi conspiracy.

Howevor, Ribbentrop did not limit his activities to the field f

foreign policy. As member of the Hitlerite Government, the Reich

Defense Council and of the Secret Council, he participated in the

solution of all the innumerable problems connected vrith the -ropor-

tion of aggressive wors. That is why he, Ribbentrop, olthou-h he wig

Minister for Foreign Affairs, took part in thes lution and realization

_ of prlblems, but faintly relevant to foreign policy, such as theJ. ranscriUe7:session utilization o? manpower in wratine, the organiz-ti n of the concentr.-

2.6-8,. tion camps, and so forth, In this connection, it should bo noted that

Ribbentrop signed a special, large-scale agreement with Himmler bn the

organization of a common intelligence service.

Ribbentrop became Reich Foreign Minister precisely at the outset

of the realization of the plans of aggression, which vc--o1:sc, the

submission of Europe to Germany. This coincidence is no accident,

Ribbentrop was considered, not without reason, as the most adequate

person for the realization of this criminal conspiracy, he was pre­

ferred even to such an expert in matters of foreign provncation as

Rosenborg, upon which the latter made an official complaint, nt with-

ut some reason, and Hitler was not mist-ken in his choice, f r

Ribbentrop fully justified his confidence.

As early as 12 February 1938, a week after his nomination, Ribben­

trop - toget r with Hitler and the defendant Paper., who for a long ti

prior to this date had been directing the diversionist activity of the 14613

-0083

29 July-A-GES-16-3-Ahuna

of the Nazi agencies in Austria, participated in a conferenoe at the

Obersalzberg.

At this meeting he addressed an ultimatum punctuated by threats,

to the Austrian Chancellor Schussnigg and the latter’s Foreign Hinistor

Schmidt, demanding their agreement to sacrificing the independence of

Austria, and this object was attcinod.

As Minister, Ribbentrop vras present at the coferenco of 23 May

1938, during which a decision was made for the execution of plan "Gruen

— the -'Ian for aggression against Czechoslovakia.

In. conformity to the Nazi tactics of weakening their future victir

by striking at the home front, Ribbentrop constantly kept a close

o ntact with and gave material assistance first to the German Sudeten

party, and then to the Slovak nationalists, with the object of attain­

ing an internal split and; fratricidal war in Czochoslovakia.

Huving seized Czechoslovakia, the Nazi conspirators, and Ribhentr

amongst them, began to make preparations f r and t roclizo the next

aggressive act, which ha'. alrondy been outlined by them in their

crimin'.I plan against peace, — the attack on Polar.',

Being compelled — because of the recently realized annexation of

Lustrin and Czechoslovakia, to conceal temporarily the further inten-

ti ms of Germany, Ribbentrop personally, an1 through the agaency of his

diplomats, endeavour ed to allay the vigilance of the European states,

by making hypocritical declarations to the effect that Germany had

no further territorial demands.

Doc. On 26 Jucry 1939, in Torsow, the Foreign inistor of fascist2530-PSG2-36. Germany, Ribbentrop declared: "that the consolidation of friendly re- transcriptTorn.sess- lations between Germany and Poland on the basis of existing agreements, ton.6.12.45 ngos 6-7 constituted the mostimportant factor of German’s foreign policy”.

A very short time elapsed, and Poland exporioncec the value of

these assurances of Ribbentrop.

I will not dwell here on the perfidious part played by the defend­

ant Ribbentrop in the German aggression against Denmarl, Norway,

14614

29 July-A-GES-16-4-AhunaH0191 -0084

Bolgium, Holland an. Luxemburg, for "y collonguos hnro ehron V on-t

with this matter convincingly enough...

The dof enEnn RiBbentr \ gorsonsl" participatoc in the comissi "

of oggression against Jgosl ria ant Cracce•

Reverting to his Sevourt 3 method of -iving false cuorantoes in

order to conconl the future e zrossion, defendant Ribbentrop assured

Jugoslavia in April, 1938, that after the Anschluss Germeny’s frontier:

with Jugoslo. ia vrere considered as final and unalterable.

:719-PS At that time manifol 1 presorati ns for agerossi nwers boingIB-53Transcrips) carried out with he assistance of the defendant Ribbentrop. on 12 an .12.45fbcrnoon 13 August 1939 at the conference f Hitler and Ribbentrop with Siam ess ion,), 6, at Snlzburp an agreement was roache 1 concerning the liquidoti n of the

neutrals one after the other.

"Tith the direct and immociato assistance of the defendant Ribbon-

trop the Nazi conspirators plornc, prepared and carriod out the

treacherous attack on the USSR on the 22nd of June 1941,

ISA-135,FS-447 The defendant Ribbentrop himsol;’ admitted here, in the Court room ~ • n -C A / cAl- -s- 3 -' -e E°

ISSR.263 that at the end fc August and the boginning of September 19—0, i.e. atISSR-143 , ,, JSSR-156 the tine when the elaborate plans of t 10 plan "Borboresse w.s beinE

carried out as it is ovilont from the doositions of G neral V rlimont.

General Mueller an Fioldmarshal Paulus the defendant Keitel was dis-

cussin~ wit? him the question of attacking USSR. »

The activity o? the defendant and the ministry directed by him,

played a primary part in the organization of war against the USSR with

the participation of Finlond.

2896- PS Already after the beginning of the aggression of Gormy npainstUSA-155

the Soviet Union the defendant Ribbentrop c ntinuoc to oply his off’ r

to attract new accomplices to Germany’s side. Thus in a telegram to th

German mbassedor in Tokio of 10th July 1941 he waid: I bog you t try

all m ons at your disposal to influence Matzuoka in order to make

Japan start war against Russia as soon as possible. The sooner —

the better. The final aim should be that Japan and we shake hands14615

29 July-A-GES-16-5-Ahuna

■ innHO191 -0085

on the Siberian railway before winter comes on.”

As it has been established at this trial Ribbentrop together with

the other defendants was preparing the policy of cxtorminction and

plunder, planned by the Hitlerites and then applied it in the

temporarily occupied territories of Soviet Union. The defendant,

Rosenberg who was elaborating the plans of exploitation of the

occupied territories in Eastern Europe, held a conference on this

question with OK, the linistry of Economics, Ministry of the

Interior.

14616

H0191 -008629 J uly~A-16-14-AO- Ahuna.

1039-PS In his ”4^ ort about preparatory work on the Eastern-

US-146 Eur pen. question" he wrote: "Is a result of the nego-

Transcript tiati ns with the Ministry of Foreign iffairs, the

10.12.45 latter appointed General Consul lr. Brotigham as their

morn.sess. representative to Rosenberg. Defendant Rosenberg’s

P.38 Office.

Thus it is indisputable that Ribbentrop not only knew about

the preparation for the military attack on USSR, but that

he, together with the other conspirators, had planned before

hand the c ol nization of the territory of the S let Union,

the enslavement enc extermination of the Soviet citizens.

Transcript The defendant was compelled to admit that he had kn wn

2.4.46. the notes of the Public Commissar of Foreign iffaris .4.

afternoon li lotiv concerning the atrocities of the Hitbrites in the

sess. tenporarily occupied territories of the Soviet Union. He,

P.13 as well as the other conspirators, had also known the

other declarations of the Chief’s of the Allied G vernents

c ncerning the responsibility imposed uj on the Nazi Govern-

ment for committing the monstrous atrocities in the . ccupied

countries.

Tr.27.3.46 v an Ribbentrop, as the witness for the defense the former

morn.sess. Secretary of State at the lnistry of F rein .ffcirs c n-

PP. 53-54. firmec, had been ne of the initiators and was intended to

be nominnted honorary meber of the International IntiJev-

ish C cngress which the Germans supposed to convene in July

1944 in Cracow.

Tr. 2.4.46 Ribbentrop himself acnitte. at the Trial that he had nego-

m rn.sess tiated with the Governments of European countries about the

p.6 banishment of the Jews.

(36883 iccorcin; the rec rd of Ribbentrop’s c rivers at ion with Horty

RF-502) "Thu Linnster of Forcign affairs declared to H rty that the

Jews sh uld be either exterminated or sent to concentration

cops. There coulc be n other decision".

This sufficiently confirms the fact that Ribbentrop was aware 1461?

0087

29 July---16-2- .On-Ahuna.

of the xistence cf the concentrationcams thr uch he

tried hard to prove the contrary.

Ribbentrop lent his support to othr Nazi leaders and

above all, to the defendant Suackcl, in dep rting the

inhabitants of the occupied territories for f rces

labor in Germany.

Besides, defendant Ribbentrop, by carrying ut the

cunmon plan of c nspiracy including the destructi n

of the national culture of the pcop.es of the ccu iod

territories, took a most active part in plundering

treasures of culture, which are the cormon pr perty

of all nati ns.

In order to carry ut this task, and on Ribbentrop’s instruct! ns,

a "Battali n of Special Service" had been created at the linistry of

F reicn Affairs, vhich, during the whole war, followed the advance

units, requisitioned and deported to Gcrmany all kinds of treasures of

culture from the occupied territories in the East, accorlin; to the

directives of Ribbentrop.

Thus the Ceifendant Ribbentrop took part in the seizure of power

by the Nazis, played a leacling role in plonning, preparing and waging

ageressive plundering wars; together with tho other cons. ir ctors, he

participated, according to the Fascist plans in the leadership, when

committing most heavy crimes against the n.tions, whose territories

had been temporarily occupied by the Hitlerite invaders.

TRE ULIThRY GROUP

Several of the defendants in the dock at this mat j or Wor Crimino. s

Trial may be said to form a military group. If we do not include Goc-

ring who represents a peculiar figure, uniting in one person - politi­

cian, administrator, and soldier, there remains Keitel, Jodi, Doenitz

and Tacclar. In the course of these proceedings not only have all the

c .unts of the indictment against them been sustained, but as a result,

even more incriminating evidence has been brought to lijht.

The documentary evidence, the testimony civen by the witnesses, 14618

0088

29 July--26 -3--O.-Aluna.

inclucing those applied for by the Defense, could not but tip the sonlos

in favor of the Prosecution,

The Counsel for the defense tried to convince the Tribunal that their

clients had become involved in this sinister tragody by a whim of fate in

spite of thonselves.

The defendants themselv.S - Kcitel, Jodi, Doenitz and Raeder here in

ccurt, try to appear in the role of noble simpletons. We must do the

defense justice: it did its best to aid them in this attempt, TTe have

heard a groct deal about the soldier’s honot, military discipline, fid­

elity to duty and oath of allegiance - all making oblintory, therefore,

the fulfillment of Hitler’s orcers, including those which aroused their

Cubts and direct protest. Such a view of their position comletely dis­

torts the actual state of affairs. Before passing to the question of the

guilt of Kcitel, Juul, Ducnitz and Raeder, I Clcom it necessary to put the

following 4 questions, nd to answer them:

1) Did these defendants know that Hitlerite

Gcrmany, in violation of its intcrnati. nal

oblig tions had prepared a series of aggres­

sive and predatory wars?

2) Did they take an active part in planning,

preparing, unlenshing and waging cf these

wars?

3) Aro they guilty of cynically traupling down

the laws and customs of warfare?

4) ire they responsible for the atrocities and

extcrninnti on of the peaceful population, for

the sinking of passengcr and hospital ships,

for the touns and villages destroyed by the

Hitlerite Reich military machine?

It seems to me that after this invest! pat ion which has so carefully

gone into all the details of this case, unless one remains blind to the

facts, it is impossible to give other than an affirmative answer to these

questions.14619

HO191 -0089

29 July-, -16-4-AOT- huna.

The Cocumentary evidence submitted to the Tribunal has fully proved

that the mi itary croup of criminals is guilty of the he viest crimes

, enc that they have actively participated in the planning and execution

of the common crininal consgiracy.

The fact that, these crimes wer 3 committed by men in uniform not only

does not serve to mitigate their ru sensibility, but, on the contrary,

only heightens it.

How can they try to acquit themselves by referring to "aosodier’s

duty", "an officer's honor", and the lobligation of fulfilling orders", f

Since when has "soldier's duty" and "officer’s honor" become compatille

with shooting without trial and branding as prisoners, extermination of

women, children and aged peo,le.

The only true and correct exp. nation of the amazing fact that these

generals and admirals were committing what in substance were capital

crimes, lies in the fact that they were generals and admirals of Hitler's

making. These are men of special metal. They are fascists in unifort ,

bound Locy and soul to the Nazi regime.

This is the only reason why Hitler gathered those men •bout him

and collaborated with them for so long a period of tine. This is the

unly way to explain why they collal rate.. with Hitler in committing

such crimes unprecedented in history. They fitted and understood one

another to perfection.

14620

29 Jully-A-1B-17-]IIIIIIUHI

HO191 -0090

KE a. TEL

Speech Dr. Nelte p. 58

It is only natural that i: S eakin : of the military group I wuuld

naturally be, in with defondant Keitel. Keitel helc the lcadin st

in Hitler’s military machine from the very first years of its concep-

tion, Keitel’s counsel admits that : -the decree (of February Uth

1938) gave Keitel the w rider title for his . ositi n - Chief f the

OKI" • Further he es on t say :

the factual si. nificance f Keitel’s activities was immense.

It was a m nstru"us, extremely un rateful job and its miserly remu-

noration was a brilliant . ositi. n in the immediate : roximity to the

head f the state.”

In the liht .f subsequent events it may be taken for .-ranted thatS. a ech

Dr. Nelte the rimarystae f all the- future wars f arrossion included p. 100

everythin c nnoctec with the secret rearmament of Germany after the

Versailles treaty.

It is difficult bo minimise th si nificance f all that was n

at the time y Colonel Keitel in the C mmittec of Ex erts wh: h

painstalcin ly and c nsecutively s usht an. found means of circum-

ventin. or vi lating the treaty.

It was neno ther than Colonel Keitel in , articular wh. gave instrnc-

ti ns to the effect that in G neva it was possible to say what one

pleased but care must be taken n t t leave anythin b chine n , er.

This cynical statement fully tallies with the role layed by Keitel

in the subsequent pregarati n an. executi n f as resi.ve wars.

Durin the ne. tiati ns betwecn Hitler an Schuschni ; the livine

C—102 reminder f Gormany's 1 reparadeness t resort t. arms was theUSA-74

urson f Keitel.

Keitel issued r.ers for tr: . 1 s t: cr ss ver int Czechclovakia

at the tine when ; resident lacha was s treacherously called to

Jerlin "fur continuing ne. . tiati ons.”

It was the Kli an n ther rganizati on which was fully . re' ared the

388-FS throu h /hDWEHR'S department t. r voke an incident with Czech .sl - USh 26 * •Jell’s vakia in order to justify th. invasi n by the German hordes, ready notes .

to "Fall t fall u; n Czech Slovakia,Green" 12,621

29 July-A-MB- 17-2 Price

443-FS C-118

In his strictly confidential memorandum Keitel demanded that Hess and

Hirmler advise the OKW in • ivance of all measures taken by party

organizations or .dice which were not included in the case Green

“Fall Green”.

The declarations alleging that after the seizure of Czechoslovakia

Germany had no more territorial asjirati ns in Europe were downright

lies. This was but a link in the chain of aggressive wars.

I wish to emphasize the leading role of the OKW in the preparation

and carrying out of agcression. The directive re, arding the wagin ;

if war an invasion if Pola is kn onN to us as Keitel’s and Hitler's

directive of 10 May 1939. It was forwarded to the c mmand f the

Air Forces, Navy and Land F rces. How is it possible after this to

maintain that the OKW was nt the drivin power behind the armed

forces of the fascist Reich ?

If we once more peruse the documents ertainini to German ager sion

against Norway, Deninark, Belcium, H llan. , Luxembovr , Yuzoslavia

an. Greece we a ain come across the name of Kcitel, He a 1 ears as

a participant of the most im rtant events as auth r bf secret orders

addressed to Raeder, Goorin. an the General Staff

tie find the initials of Keitel and J 11 entered in thei. wn hand n

the secret directive si ned by Hitler re ardin the "Oerati n

Marizall •

Much has been said here of the "Ilan Barbar ssa” and its auth rs.

At resent it is im crtant to stress that this document took shape

in the ce, ths of the 0107 at its own initiative an that the 1 laaned

meth s fa treacherous attack on the USSR were also the work of

the OK.

The significance of a military specialists visa on a document is

clear to cverybody. ,

Some of the defendants attem ted to portray the attack n the USSR as .

preventive war. This cent ti n is to such a degree unconvincing

and contradict ry to the irrefutable evidence resented in court

(German documents) that I see no need f r occupying the Tribunal’s

time. .4622

HO191 -009

29 July-4—/B-17-3 rriceHO191 -0092

Keitel's defense counsel stated that the defense of this defendant

is based on the 1 int of viow that Keitel -"is fighting not f r his

head but to save nis face."

F,23 I wish t aid the Tribunal in seeing the true face f Keitel. For FinalS eech this I shall Love to remind you of a number of Keitel's directives - unselDr. Nolte which may well lay claim to being among the f remost of all the

infamous documents pointing to the barbarity of the German military

clique, its baseness and extreme scorn f r all conce ti ns of rules

and customs of warfare.

Let us consider the documents dealin with the sho ting f 1c litical

Officers. Keitel, the s ldier, as he likes to call himself, iencrin;

his oath, shanelessly lied to the representatives f the American •

Fr secuti on at his preliminary invest! ati n by avowin that to

be. in with this order was in the nature f a counter re, rishi and

that the political off icero were se arated fr m the ther , ri ners

of war at the request f ti e ris hers themselves. At the tri .1

he was unmasked. Exhibit . RF (v) 351, 884 _roved that this

irective had been issued before the war ha’ broken out. We also

submitted a document under Exhibit N . USSR-62 (the text of a letter

of German iris ners f bar.) This docunent makes it clear that even

before the attack n the USSR the army in the field had been instnc-

ted to abs lutely exterminate S viet w. men in military service as

well as 2o litical cfficers.

And what can be said f the fc ll -win statement dreadful in its

unlimited cynicism :

HF-271 " Human life in th se countries c oncernec us absolutely f n account,R-98 rS-369 ... a terrifyin influence can be achieved nly throush unheard of

brutality."

50 and what can be said f the '.irective of 13 May 1915 introducing c urUSA-5514

martial in the Barar sS a re i n ? And f the rder of 16 Se, tember

1942 callin. f r the exact i n f 80-100 c mmunists f r each German

killed ?

L- 90 “hat could Keitel say ab ut the d- cument kn wn as INacht and Nebel"?

29 JulyMB-17-] nil ni H0191 -0093

These are sanuinary documents. N one can c mute h w many th u-

USSR-52sands of riscners f war -slciers and officers of the Red Army had

been killed and tortured in the cam s f fascist Germany. You re­

member how on 21 January 1916 at the evenin sessi n witness Lamp

testified that f r the amusement f Himmler the shootin of 50 Soviet

officers was organized in the Mauthausen camp. You remember witness

Elacha testifyin that in the s rin cf 1912, 9U Soviet senior mili­

tary fficers were tortured an. then killed for refusin: to rive

military information.

transcript14 January 1916 afternocPp. 22-23

I wish to mention the testi ny of SS man raul Taldman recarding the

n slaughter of 840 Russian x ris ners of war. Yu remember the testimo­

ny f witness Kivelsh roparin the endless chain of torture and

sufferin to which Russians, taken ris mor by the German, were

subjected to :transcript2 February 1946, mornin p. 22-23

It is im cssible to pass by Keitol’s directive callin f r the

branding d S viet prisoners f war.

afternoon p. 2USSR-16 transcript 14-2- 1946

13USSii-343

One cann t for et the "eitel directive f the 15 ocember 19L2. It

is entitled "measure to be taken a ainst banug". Under the word

"bands" efencant Keitel uncerst d any resistance movement and de­

manded that his tr. ops revert t harsh methods, stoppin. at nothin-

even in re. ards to woemn and children.

transcript15 Feb* 1946 mornin-'P• 1-2

The Sovict ir sucuti n submitte the testimony Lecurt under

Exhibit No. USSR-162. Lecurt states that he shot and burnt Soviet

citizens, razin their hove s, He alone had shot over 1,200 ners ns

an. for this achievement he was promoted t. the rank of Ober.-efrei ter

and awarded the medal f r service in the East. He acted in accor­

dance with the directives f Keitel .

"eitel’s directive institutin court martials in the Barbar ssanC-50USA-554 region freed such persc ns of all responsihility. Keitel’s hands

are stained with the blood of the victims of Lsccurt and his likc.

It was in carryin ut Keitel’s directive statin that life in the

Eastern regions was f no value, that the s leiers and fficers of

Hitlerite Germany committed their atr cities14624

29 July--B-17-5 rrice-0094

USSR-261USSR-3 91USSR-392

1585-IS RF-278

Exhibit numbcr USSR-51 SV mitted by the prosecution sh ws h w,

on the 28 hugust 1941, attackin. German tr O s drove a group of

women, children and old r before their formations, in the vil-

laze of Kolpino the fascists sh t the peasants who had been forced

into diagin trenches an bridges for them.

In Yu. slavia mass shootin s f hosts es became a laily feature

with the military command and military acministrati. n.

In a secret re. crt dated 15.11.1940 submitted to Georin- the OK

justifies the ractice f takin h-sta es.

I vish t c ncluco vith cument USSR-336 (EC-338), which y ur

honors, of course, remember.

In this document Admiral Canaris inf. rins Keitel f the uh ri ’led

cruelty in the 2 risc ner- f-var cam. s, f the huner, and mass

shootin s of Sovict prisoners f war. Even the ut and cut fascist

spy Canaris, fearin eventual res, onsi ility could n t i nr. such

unbri led curelty an . f la rant vi lati n f acce ted laws and

cust ms ■f warfare.

Y u will remember Keitel’s n tati n on this report :

"I a prove of an back those measures’'.

On Aj ril 7, 1946, durin the cross examinati n, I ut the f llowin

quest! n to Keitel :

tYou, “efen ant Keitel, known as fieldmarshal, repeatedly

referred to yourself as a s l ier bef re this Tri'unal, and you,

by y ur san. uinary notati n, a proved f an sanctioned the murder

in c 1 blood of th ousancs f s lciers wh had fallen 1 ris ner.

you confirm this ?"

Kei tel was f rce 1 to a mit this fact.

This ne resoluti n al ne unveils the true an real face . f Field-

karshal Keitel. The hi hl,7 involved ar uments of the defense can-

nt al s Ive Keitel f his resp nsi ility f r t nc bloodshed and

innumorable human lives torn short by the hand f the fascist mili­

tary machine in carryin t orders and directives si ned by his han

12,625

.... ■■■HO191 -0095

29 July-A-M-181

The defendant Alfred J dl bbears ec ual responsibility together with defendant

Keitel as his assistant and as closest military adviser of Hitler's

All that is connected with reparaticn and execution of the a. ressive plans

of hitlerite Germany is insejaraboly linked with the name f J dl as well

as with that of Keitel.

-here is no need to repeat anew all those ag ressive acts cf Hitler’s Germany

which are already facts f common knowledge, each f which hac been planned

and executed with the direct zarticiati n f defencant Jocl.

hs the re, reshntative of the Union f S viet S cialist Republics, 1 sh uld

like to emphasize nee more that the criminal . Ian of the erfidious attack

on the Soviet Union, cded by the Hitler’s gang under the name of the ill-

fated conqueror Frcdireck Barbaross, is si ned nt nly by Hitler and Keitel

but by Joel as well. Put this is more than a mere si nature.

As early as the summer f 19L0 in Reichenhall, J dl held the first

conference of his staff—officers, at which the questi n of the ossib i-y

of an attack by Hitler Germany on 5 viet "ussia was ciscussed.

It was no one else- but defendant Jodi whe even before the attack a ainst

the USSR actually was carried cut issue . his well-knrwn "Instruct! ns n the

use „ropaganca in the re ion f tJarbar ssa". In these instructions it is

unequivocally stated that lasyet propa anda aimed at the jartition of the

Soviet Union should not be carried on.”

-hus, defen.ant Jodi knew beforehan f the actual aims of Germany’s attack

on the USSR, knew of the piratical and gredat ry nature of the war which

called f r the dismem erin of the S viet Uni n.

It was JoCl who took 1 art in the .reparation and r anization of the

provocative incident on the Czech slovak border with the aim of justifying

this as ressive act of Hitler Germany a ainst this peace l ving nation*

It was Jodi wh signed the order f the 28 Seo tember 1938 re- ardine the use

of the so-called iemlein Corps in case the "Case Green” was realized.

How full of mockery sound the defendant Jcl’s words f "s ldiers honor" af­

ter roadin his rder n the destruct! n of Lenin rad {oscow and other cities

of the Soviet Union.

It was this very same Jocl who with ini. italic cynicism declar.d. at a confe- 14626

29 July-A- ; 3—18-2 SaslawHO191 -0096

rence with Hitler on the 1 December 19hl that German tr o] s could with impu-

nity "han;, han by the feet and quarter" S viet patri ts.

AS the closest iilitary a visor of hitler’s, havin'- personally participated

in the 1 TO arati on and oxccuti on o all the sanguinary aggressive 1 Ians of

Hitlerites Germany -defendant Jodi as been justly included in the ranks

of the major German War Criminals,

Ey ritish colleague has roved the uilt of defendants Carl enitz and

Erich iaoder so c onvincin ly and th or u hly that I see no need t dwell es-

1 ecially . n these Grossadmirals of Hitlerite Germany, who have- dis raced thei

admirals’ unif rms with such infamous crimes.

In the course f his cross- aminati n D onitz told the Soviet rrose-

cuter that he as unaware of the reasons for which Hitler n minated him as his

successor. I don’t think that Dcenitz was quite sincere in makin: this sta-

tenent. One has but t; refer to the transcripts f the sessions beginning

with the 8th Hay, in r der to understand with ut his ackn wlecging it why

he became Hitler’s successor, vhen the hitlerite Reich went to the b bom.

The im ortant . int is’ n. t the fact that an Admiral was needed at a m ment

like this, --ut the fact that only the nazi Gr ssacmiral ccnitz, in the opi-

ni.n f Hitler wh. was about t fa < fr m the , icture, could ct anythin;

t save the sinkin ship.

Under Hitler, Doenitz c mnanded the su marine wea. on f the German Reic

We know the role which the German U-boats . layed in this war. In this connec­

tion it is worthy f emphasis what Dcenitz was prcu f dein. the auth r of

th... s< -called "wolf-pack tactics". S viet eople have not forgotten h w

-oenitz’s submarines sunk in the altic and Black Seas hosjital ships and

steamers evacuatin , eaceful citizens -women and children.

The last head of the Hitlerite governm.nt shculd be one f the first to ay

for all th se crimes vhich led te the trial f the maj r war criminals before

the Interna ti nal Military Tribunal.

-he name of Racder is linked with the sacrilczi us directive f. r the

destruction of Leningrad.

14627

-00972 9 July—A-ZS-18-3 Sas law

4 the trial Raeder tried t lay die part of an "honest soldierl. But the

mere fact that it was he, to uther with Hitler and Keitel, who c ns; ired

to "wipe Leningrad off the fa e of the earth” and to exterminate more than

three million pojulaticn of that i teat city, wh se very name is indissolubly

c nnected with the development of e culture and history f mankind, makes

Racder ne of the maj r war criminals.

1-adder took part in workine out all the most important plans of aggression

of German fascism. This participant in the criminal fasc st conspiracy must

therefore hear punishment together - ith his ass dates.

The defendant Ernst Kaltenbrunner was ‘c nsidered by Himmler tc be the most

deservin- successor to that bench , Heidrich, executed by Czech atriots.

On 30 January 1943, he was azoint. Head of the Reich Main Security Office

and Chief of the SD.

Numerous cocunnts, and es; ecially orders signed by Kaltenbrunner, f r the

mass deportati n of c0le into concentration camps, the testimonies f his

subordinates, inclucin the de ositicns f baiter Schellenberg, the f rmer

Chief of the Interior, Security Service, fully convict Kaltenbrunner f

heinous crimes.

4t the session of 12 Aril 1946 ir. the course of Kaltenbrunner ’ s examinati n

tie testimonies of Johann Kandutor, ex-ri saner of Mauthausen, were re., into

the rec.ro. In his depositions, Kandutor describes as follows Kaltonbrunri

pass-time durin one of his visits t the camp :

"Lauhin , Kaltenbrunner entered the az chambers; then the prisoners

were led from the barracks to the execution and all the three methods of exe­

cution were demonstrated -han in-, shoctin- int the nape and ashyxinti n by gas.”

I shall n t dwell upon the numerous r ofs which are available, as they have

been sufficiently clarified before the Tribunal. There is nly one .mint, f

the accusation aainst Kal ten runner, on which I deem it necessary t. dwell.

Together with other RSEa organizations, Kaltenbrunner took ver from Heidrich

Einsata ru .pen”. The citizens of the S viet Union remembber well these

criminal or anizati ns of the German fascism, headed by Kaltenbrunner.

14 28

29 July-A-MB-18-4 Saslaw H0191 -0098

The "Einsatzgruppe A" reac ed the aproaches to Leningrad, it created the

"Fort of Death #91 near Kaunas, the secret points for mass extermination

of human beings in Panarai; it carried out the executions by sho. tin : in the

woods of Salasinsk and Bikerneksk near Riga; it erected allows in the parcs

of one of Leningrad’s suburbs -the rushkino.

The "einsatzgruppe B settled down in the vicinity of Smolensk.

It burnt alive the peasants of Byel russia; it shot down the victims of the

awful Pinsk "action11 j it drowned thousands f Byelorussian

1/,629

29 July-A-JF-19-1-Cumolctti

■■Ml

HO191 -0099

Tronon and children in the lIosyr marshes; it operated vith murder vans

in liinsk; it liquidated the chctto in the Upper Gardens district of

Smolensk.

USSR—11* The TEinsatzrruppe CI - was quartered in Kiev. This rroun carried o,USSR-9 "

the mass "action" in Baby -or near Kiev, an execution unmatched for 1:

cruolty, when 100,000 Sovici citizens perished on a singlc day.

USSP-12 The IZinsatzgruppe DI operated in the southern regions of the USSR—1USSR-12 terrporarily occupied territories of the Soviet Union. This group was

the first to experinont with tic nurder vans on tho Soviet citizens

in the district of Stavropol and in Krasnodar.

And when Kaltonbrunner’s fate t1ll be decided, all those hunen boinrs,

asphyxiated in the "uurder ’-ns" near Stavropol, buried clive in the

graves near Kiev and Riga, .rnt alive in the Byelorussian vi 11 acres ,

can not be forgotten.

All those innocent victims are on his dirty conscience.

. The successor of a han-nan, Kaltenbrunnor vas a hanrnan himself, and

ho had the char e of the nost horrible aspect in the cormon crininal

plan of the Hitlerite gang.

I shall now sunncrizo the e vidoncc portaining to the cuilt and the

responsibility of the dofc ’ nt Rosonborg.

In spite of Roscnborg’ s efforts to nininize his role and importance, ix

spite of his efforts to juc le with historical facts and events - he

cannot deny that he vras the ideologist of the Nazi party, that

alrondy a quarter of a centug aco, he laid the "theoretical11

foundations of tho fscist Hitlerite State, and that during this

whole period he corrupted r rally millions of Germans, proparin- then

"ideclorically" for the none rous crinos cormitted by the Hitlerites -

crines unprecedented in history, and vhich are the subject of this trial.

Trans. evn.soss. 17-1-16 PP 31-311

USA-600 PS-3559

when at the trial, Rosenbe:g was asked: "wore you not one cf Hitler's

closest collaborators"?, he did not even speak - he shouted in reply:

that is not true, I never was". But however hard Rosenborg tried

to renounce his "Fuehrer", he has not succeeded in washing away the1/ 530

HO191 -010029 July-A-JF-19- 2-Cunolotti

stigna of "one of the oldes and tho most faithful of Hitler's

corrades-in-arns". For twnty-fivo ycars, Rosenbor, acting first

as Hitler’s collaborator an aftervrards under his direction, worked

out and assisted in the realization of the fantastic plans for world

supremacy, having chosen for the justification of these crininal

plans, the misanthropic theory of racism#

The fact that Rosenberg util, sod for his purposes the refuse of

science and borrowed song: of his theories from Karl Luger and Paul

Lagarde, Count Gobino aid T. pcuch, Osnld Spen-ler and Apthur holler,

cannot influence the sclutic of the question on Rosenberg’s

responsibility and ~u:it.

The important fact is that Rosonberg, having assembled all those

czcocronents of scicco, ril.1 the racial theories to a degree of

racial fanaticism, and educated in this spirit the members of the nazi

part;- and tho German youth. And tthen the representatives of the

naster race" elaborated and committed acts of ageression, vhen the

Geran oppressors enslaved c 1 c:storninated nations and peoples, when

the factories of death were created at llajdanek and Auschwritz,

Rosonbere’s shame in all the-e crimes was rrgat.

All this was the outcome of no fascist racial idooloy, the essence

of which consists in the ide that the "aryan", "north-ormanic" race

is a "master race", and that all other races and nations bolone to

" lovror strata".

osonberz’s counsel said: " >c Tribunal must jud-o crimes and not

thoorics" . In Rosenberg’s case such an argument is clearly

unconvincing. For Rosenberg, not only confessed tho fascist racial

theory, but he knowingly pre nratod it and instilled it into the

conscience of the German people, this theory which became a direct

menace to the czdistence of the democratic European states. The person

vho carries microbes must be isolated, but the person who tillincly

disseminates microbes, must be tried.

Rosenborg's criminal activity was not limited to the ideological

preparation for agerossion and to the propagation of misanthropic1,‘S

29 July-A-JF-19-3-CunolcttiH0191-0101

theories. Hisactivityha. any facets.

The criminal activity of th. forcien-policy departnont of the HSDAP

has already been sufficiently clarified at this process, this dcpartnci

vhich for many years vs subordinated. to tho defendant Roscnbcrg, was ij

chare of the half-legal nazi agencies abroad. The participation of

this organization in the forign policy measures undertaken by the

Hitlerite Germany and in the initiation of anrressive wars, is vory

great.

Doc. One of the documents submit to , by Nurath’s Counscl and accepted by the CounselNeurath Tribunal, reads as follows: v.I,P 67

"........at onc time therc oxcistod in Berlin three sorts of

ministries for foreign affairs; Rosenborg’s ministry, Ribbentrop1

ministry, and the official ministry on the TTilhelnstrassc.n

USSR-117 And finally, Rosenborg’s letter to Hitler of 6,2.38 stressed his real

influence on the for .in pen ay of Hitloritc Germany and his "merits”

in this field, vthen he applied for a membership in the Secret Cabinet

Council.

I see no necessity to givo an analysis of the entire criminal activity

of Rosenborg, and I only intond to chrell very shortly on his activity

as "Fuehrer’s plenipotentiary” and, later, as the Reich minister for

the Occupied Eastorn Territories. In these capacities, Rosenberg

exercised his talents most actively, as a participant in criminal

conspiracy.

Rosenborg declares that he was against war vrith the USSR and that he

learned from Hitler about the preparations for an attack against the

USSR, only vhen all the orders to military channels had already been

given, and that he never really had any influence on the forcirn polic;

of the Hitlerite Gornany. I affirm, Y ur Honors, that all these

declarations of Fosenberg are false. It is a comnonly knorm fact that

the plan for a German crusaco against Soviet Russia is indeed the

starting point of the national-socialists foreign policy, as set out ir

the 1921 Mew-Year publication of the nevspaper IVoelkischer Boobachter"

ana that the author of this policy is Alfred Rosenberg. It vras24632

29 July-A-JF—19-4-Cumoletti

H0191-0102

Rosenberg, who inspired by Ludendorf and Rechberc, propagated -

together vith Hitler - a foreign policy directed towards the creation

of an antisemitic, antibolshevil and antibritish continental Europe.

Rosenberg’s speeclics, setting out plans for the "exchange of the

Polish corridor against the -craine, his ‘'diplomatic11 journeys into

certain countries after the seizure of power by the fascists, his

clumsy efforts to realize the foreign policy programme of the nazis -

wrere disclosed in detail in the press.

The submitted documonts give c. clear picture of Rosenborg’s feverish

activity in April 1941 - durin- thc period immediately proceeding the

attack of Germany on the USSR - when he was nominated "Fuehrer’s

PS -865 plenipotentiary for the supreme control of the questions connectedUSA-1l3

with the Eastern-Europoan territories".

Transcr. On 7 April 1941, two weeks prior to his nomination, Rosenberg sent to morn.soss. Hitler his proposals for the division of the Soviet Union into 17.1.161019-PS Rcichskommissariats and for the nomination of fascist governors for PS-1039USA-1116 the occupied territories. F_clorussia and the Ukraine, liinsk end

Kiev, Rostov and Tbilisi, Leningrad and loscovr, were all onunerat d

in Rosenberg’s prop sals. -‘er the post of the Reichskonmissar of

Moscow, Rosenberg recommended the notorious Erich Koch.

Tie have heard about Rosonbc: ‛s meetings with Bruchitsch and Racdor

and of his conferences with Funic, General Thomas, state secretary Back

and others, on the questions of economical crploitabion of the eastern

territories, and about his : . gotiations with Ribbontroo, the SS Chief

of Staff, the Chief of the German intelligence service, Admiral Canari

Already six wcoks prior to the attack on the USSR, he worked out

directives for all the Roichskornissars cf the occupied eastern

USA-1t territorics, in vhich he provided for a "Rcichskonnissariat Russia"

and the "Reichskomnissariat Caucasus", whilst the Byclorussian rcpubli

vre.s to form a prt of the "R ichskormissariat Ostland".

PS-1030 Rosenbore ‛s attempts to aff-. that he did not share in the aggressive,

predatory aims of the war against the USSR, and that, in his capacity

of Minister for the occupied Eastern territories, he all but loaded

l.o33

29 July-A-JF-19-5-CumolettiH0191-0103

with benefits the population of these t crritories. And this he

darcs to affirm, when the directive to the Reichskormissar of the

Bol tic countries and Byelorussia, described his aims as follovrs:

"*.... the creation of a German protectorate for the purpose a

subsequent inclusion of these regions in the Greater German Reich,

by means of the gornoni cation of dements - suitable from the

racial point of view, .? the colonization by the representatives 1of the German race and of the extermination of the undesired

elements."

And this is said in additiou to the following recommendations made in

another of Rosenberg’s directives on the subject of the civil

administration in tho occupied Eastern territories:

"Our main task.........is the furthering of the Reich’s interests.

The r emulations of the Haguc Convention regarding land—warfare

EC-347 are not valid, as we can consider that the USSR has beenUSA-320

destroyed...........For this reason, all measures vhich the Gernan

administration deem necessary and convenient are admissible."

Rosenberc was too hasty in h's assertion that the USSR vras destroyed,

let the cat out of the bag, and cave avay his secret plans. But

this document is also an izrofutable proof, invalidating all the

attempts of the defendant to throw off his shoulders the burden of

responsibility for the monstrous crime perpetrated by the German-

fascist ageressors throughout the occupied territories of the USSR,

to the shoulders of indivicnal officials and policemen, of Koch and

Himmler•

It was Rosenberg, ttho permitted the repudiation of the Hacuc Conventio

and the utilization of all measures vhich might seem "convenient",

then Koch, for his "convenience” exterminated the population of the

entire Zunan district, he was acting in the spirit of this directive

of Rosenberg*

Roscnbere described here his dissentions with Koch; he alleged that

he has followed humanitarian policy and even imported agricultural

machinery.14634

H0191-0104

2 9 July-A-JF -19-6-Cumolet ti

Even if Rosenbere did indeed, from time to time, object to Koch’e

actions, it was only because ne was afraid of premature publicity,

because he was afraid that Koch’s unparalleled ill-treatment of the

Ukrainian people would only strengthen the resistance mevanent.

Rosenberg was influenced by fear and not by any humanitarian

considerations. Rosenber: ‘s true policy is set out in numerous

documents which have now become known to the world's public opinion

and which are in the files of the Tribunal.

PS-0l5 In an "official note for the Fuehrer" dated 16.3.1942, Rosenberg set

out the aims of the Gornan policy in the occupied territories of the

USSR and, first of all, in the ........... "the utilization of

minerals, the creation of a German colony in certain regions, no

artificial intellectual development of the population, but its

preservation as a source of nanpovrer."

In his report on the reorganization of the Caucasus, Rosenberg vrote

that:

USSR-58 The problem of the East consists in the transplanting of the Baltic

nations to the soil of Goman culture and in the preparation for the

larco- scale expansion of the German frontiers.

The task of the Ukraine is l secure the nocessary food supplies for

Germany and Europe, and the rair materials for the continent. The

problem of the Caucasus is primarily a political problem and it will

USSR-58 lead to the oxpansion of continental Europe, headed by Germany, from

the Caucasus isthmus to the near East."

and finally I vrculd like to point out that it was Rosenberg vho made

the followin statement, at a conference of the Gorman Labor Front,

on the policy of the occupied USSR territories:

USSR-170 "It is obvious, that if we r 3 to subjugate those peoples, arbitrary

justice and tyranny will be the most suitable form of government."

The defense affirs that Rosenborg and his "Einsatzstab" were not

concerned with the plunder of cultural treasures, but with their

preservation. This statement is also quite false. Numerous

documents read into the record at this trial, have proved that as

29 July-A- JF-19-7-CumolettiH0 191-0105

early as April 1941, i.e. more than two months prior to the attack on

the USSR, Rosenberg vras or' • -ning special units and staffs and vras

elaborating plans for the removal of the cultural treasures of the

Soviet Union.

USSA-375 On 16 October 1941 Rosenbere vrote to Hitler as follovs: US-O 76

"I have now given an order to a similar operative staff of my

organization to carry out in the occupied Eastern terriborios the work

alreacy accomplished in the Wos.

• •••• Having before cur eyes the whole picture, vre can satisfy all

the just wishes and demands of the Greater German Reich. On this

basis I vrould also be willing to talte upon myself to cucrant ce that

all the treasures of art from the Lintz and ether museums which can

be utilized for your personal plans, arc really used for this purpose.

327-PS On 1? October 192, Rosenborg wrote to Lammers that for the transport USI-338

of noods "listed" by his organization, it was necossary to use

1,418,000 railroad cars, vhilsb L27,000 further tons were transported

by water. In this sane letter, Rosonbcrc mentioned that anon st the

confiscated goods removed to Germany there was 9,000 cars vrith

agricultural and other machinery. And after this, he dares to speak

about some machines which he has allogodly imported into the Ukraine I

And finally, I shall speak about the ridiculous theory of the so-

called Rosenberg’s "noble antisemitism". It is absurd to argue vith

Rosenberg’s counsel, who affirms that thore exists such a thing as

as "noble antisemitism’’, and all the more absurd it is to are 31c with

Rosenberg. In ny statement to the Tribunal, I throw light upon the

fascist propaganda contained in the defense speeches. Hew, I wculd

like to recall to the Tribunal the text of two of Rosenbor ’s

documents:

In his directive of 29 April 19111, he wrote:

USA-278 "The general solution of the Jevish problem must at the present moment PS-1021

be carried out by methods of a temporary character. Slave Labor for

Jews, the creation of Ghettos, etc., must be the solution of this

problem."12636

29 JuLy-A-JI- 19-8-CumolettiH0191-0106

ven Here cynical and franl is the statement made by Rosenborg in

November 1912, nhen he, in his capacity of Minister for the Cecupicd

eastern Territories, addressed a conference of the German labor frontUSSR-170

USA-289P-135

USA-600PS-3559

"Te must not be satisfied - said Rosenberg - tith the

deportation of Jevs to another country and vith the creation

here or there of a large Jcirish chetto; no, our objoct aust

alvrays remain the same. The Jcnish problem in Europe an: in

Cezmany wrill be solved only tanen there are no more Jcvs left

on the European continent•"

Anu the operations "Kotbus", the oxctcrnination of Jetrs in the Baltic

toms, in the Ukraine and Byelorussia - all these'ver. carried cut

in confommity with Rosenborg’s theories and vith his azecnnont.

In 1937 Rosenberg received -cho German national prizo. Corzontin ; on tins event, the fascist press vroto as fclloms:

"Alfred Rosenberg has brilliantly succeeded with he books in

building up the scientific and the spiritual Couneticns of, and in consolidating and strengthening the phdloroplv of the

national-socialism.

Only future fenerations 'Till be able to approcito cully tho

profound infuonco of this nan on tho phalooopicci Ecunntkons

of the national-socialist state."

But the future - bocamo the present. And I an sire that the Tribunal

will be able to appreciate duly not only the influence ozorciscd by

Rosenborg on the "philosophical foundaticne f no national-socialist

state"- but also his active participation in all the crimes against

peace and humanity perpetrated by the Aitlcrite.

14( . (

29 July A LJG 20-1 H0191-0107

U c: C

A 1owyor Dy trcining tho Cof enian t J .ns Trenle vo.s

ono of those who liltod to spock cbovt roviowing the

"cnciont Gornan" lc.w for Garmc.ns cbout "Principlos of

Justice", for the “solocti cbout the "right of tho chosen

pooplo" to cnnhlcto notions and countries.

In 1939, he was the very mon, vho had ' oon corrupting

tho Goman logc.l conception for a long timo, to whom

Litlor entrusted tho fa to 2 subjuge.toc olond. Tpenlz

arrived in Polcnd to realize prccticclly the progrramto of

onslcvonont anl oxtorninction of the people on tho territory

of a country possessing a history which had lasted for

ages and original high culture.

I should like to romn. the Tri" mel of some of

Ercnke’s views expressed Curing tho first months of his

stay in Pol.n, taken Pro his so c 1101 liarit . It is

her13 worth while to discuss with tho defense counsel

the pro.tivo value of this document.

drank himself Coclorod to tho cistreto that n this

document was of historical inportrnco" ent- the question

'’whether all his statements contained in the diary wore

true'1, he replied: " they fully correspond to what I 1mov."

On 19th January 1940, Frank de ch.rod with cynical

frankness at the conforonco of the dcporsont-locdors.

SR-223 "On 15th Sopterbor 1939, I was entrusted with the task go (33- PS of governing the conquered eastern territories and received

the special order to ruin this torritory ruthlessly as a

war territory cund a war trophy and to turn it into a heap

of rulo from a point of view of the social, oconoric,

culturc.l and political structure.”

On 31 October 1939, in the proscnco of Goobbols ct

e conference uniting the locding officials of the Govern—

ment-Gonoral, he declared:

"A perfectly accurate Cifferenciction must be rale

between the Goman people - the master-race,- and the doles.”

29 July A LJG 20-2

Ho then zomozzdczod to Polish culture which -zon-1g defense counsel Dr. Soldi s-^ .0S-- ~ook so croct coro ofHo s to. tod:

"Tho con DC s.l lowed only tPC-go 3 or oduectinc thensolvos which voulc prove tho Mopolosenose

of tho destiny of thoir netion s orCloronst tno of tho ccn

US SR-335° brkon into consicorction for tho purpose

One of nstruc cions w c.s tho order toshoot host ter on sjm1r

inuho hundred end tho thousand until they fine,

the edition of rogulation • tod 2 Oct0Ho, 19cull 12natod

SR-335 n 10 Novombor 1939 Tpeni

USSR-223We.S —nforo. thc.t th

223

of o-ish incoponlonco wes cporocchin. cn

WO r o hoi ng l un g houses to ronind the Poof their notion:.! Tho followr entry chon.

o

y

ovornor-Gonorc.l locroos tl nt ono in.’.nt of

?olo

lo is to b

kind

fool tht we

to fo: in."•110

tclon fro:

10116 up onouso on whicl

uC )0 4] o-° not in ton'1, bulling c lawful

1-° Ct tho conforonco of ■ 0 lo

Covor nont-Gonorc.1 cher-ctorizoa

fcr better then lengthy o-copte

"° cro quoting from the speech

lont-chiof

itierito

spcochos which we were

orininn1

of tho

L ’.wyor

-- iron his PlTie

o listen to hero...

hunk in nethc.t there is no possibility, in ,

to reconstruct to thepooch

-1 the innuorcblo proofs ofuilt which hovo Boen sunittoc in this court-roon

J

--cl ero evidently still Fro‘ " ---S m tho 10110Ty of Your Honors.

but fro: -renl’s cri ine- activities in holmd we must

14639

H0191-0108

29 July A LJG 20-3

segrogoto tho prodomincnt trait which is Frenk’s

C.s the murloror of millions of people.

H0191-O109

activity

Of course he looted; he wc.s Goering’s Plenipotontcry

for the 4-yecr plon and ho looted, so to scy, Dc it norely

in this capacity.

He sont over 2 million Poles to Germany for Corcoc

labour. Th c cttempt of the dofonso to represent frank

as the "onony of coercive methods of rocruitrent" can To X based only on the assumption that nobody oxcopting counsol

USSR-223 had studied Fronle's diaries. For Trcnlt novor con oseope

page 6documents such as tlo minutes of the meeting of the loport-

mont dealers dated 12 hpi . 1940, or tie notes of Gculoitor

Scuckol of the 18 --u ust 1942, or tlc transcript of the

mooting vith -uohlor, Iruogor .nd others of the 21 Ipril

1941. ~ut ho sent people to forced I .'.our in order to

wring thon dry in the interests of tlo Roicl boforo sending

them to thoir doom. Tho regime, set up by Hans frank

throughout Poland Juring all tl o stegos of the temporary

Gorman domination in this country, j-.s c. regime for the

inhuncn destruction of millions of people 1y no. ns of

varied, but equally crininal, methods.

It is not merely incidental that the German-fasc1st

.assassins who cnnihlc.to 11 thouscxC. Polish prisoners of

war in Katyn forest should refer to the regime which Trenk

instituted. in Poland as an oxcmplo of his own activities

(as the Tribunal has eon lo to ascertain not sc vory

long CGO in this court-room from the evidence presented

by the former deputy to the mayor of Smolensk - professor

fasilovski.)

- consilor it to be p rticulorly import.nt,at this

point to emphasize the conception Tranl had of the relations

with the Polish population after tho w.r:

insistently draw your attention, said Trenk, ”to tho

fact that, shoul. poa.ee bo concluded, nothing would chengo

14640

29 July A UG 20-4H0191-0110

in our troc.tmiont. This poc.co will sgnfy the.t vro, cs r.

world power, will con.uct moro firnly then hitherto our

USSR-223 gonorcl lino of policy. This peace would signify that wo will hc.vo to corry out colcnizction on en qrandioso scclo,

but the principle will not have chengo."

This was stated in 1940, when Trenk was contonploting

the first ness nuror of tho Polish intolligontsic, the

so-called ta3" action.

In 1944, ct the mooting of the ccrcultural leaders

at Zakopane Trenl: said:

"-f wo win the wor, thon in nry opinion we could 1c.1ro

ninconoct of the Poles and Ukrainians and of all those who

are idling around the Govornmont-Gonorch, If only we keen JSSR-223 ‘ ‘

then in subordination during war-time -- cone whet mA--n page 21 ' ' "

It was not Frank’s fult, that as early as in 1.044,

lrocninc to make "nincoC moat” of the Poles and Ukrainians

he was compolloc to add: "If we win the w.r” . at this

time he could not bo as emphatic in his uttorings as on 2nd

-ugust 1943 , when at the reception of the Porty speakers

in the Royal Pa Jaco in Cracow ho spoko ■.'■■cut the oxtorninctod

Polish Jews:

USSR-223 "Horo we started out with 3,500,000 Jews; now but a

page 21 fov workers roncn from this number, dll tho others, wo

shall somo icy say, omigratod.”

14541

29 July--IB-20-Za KarrH0191-0111

/

Frank himself as vrell as his c unsel tried tc affirm that the defen­

dant had knovn nothin abuvt what was in on at the Cc ncentrati n

camps of the General Governnent. However, in this very Secret report

addressed to Hitler by Frank, which the defense counsel tried to

utilize on behalf of Frank we may find a c nfirmation f the fact

that Frank was well informed ah ut what was happenin'. in the camps

It is said there : •

"Most of the Polish intellectuals are n t susceptible to the

influence of the news from Katyn and in ansvrer quote similar atr citi

in Auschwitz."

Then Frank, cites a hi. hly characteristic passage describin the

reaction of the Polish workers t the pr v. kin c mmunicati ns f the

Germans ab ut Katyn :

"There are c.ncentrati n camps in Auschwitz and Maianck, where mass

murder f the 1 les was carried out ale n chain-production linso"

An further :

"T day, unf rtunately, the Tolish public ojini n and not only the

intellectuals, compare Katyn t the mass cath rate in the German

c ncentrati n cam,s, as well as t the sh tin of men, woemn, anc

even f chil ren, an. Id people ..hen carryin but collactive punish-

mont in the districts,"

ufter the "seer t report" addressed to Hitler there was no other

"new course" n Frank’s pert. On the c ntrary Frank ul lishe. his

re. ulation of 2nd October 1913, which the defendant himself termed

as "dreadful", when questioned by his c unsel. lifter his re ulati n

had been carried int effect many th usancs f innocent people became

his victims. he number of executi ns increased steadily till it

am unted to 200 1 ersons ex c.ted at a time in Warsaw.

The same thin ha 1 ened in the streets f all the Polish t wns, where

the so-called "v lice ccurtst carried out executi ns, as it is sail. USSR-335

in the text f the r ulation itself, in mediately f ll.vin the vercic

The people doomed t die were br u ht to the place of execution

1 oarin ajer cl thin , with their li s lued to-ether with stickin

aster, their m. uth stuffed with laster, led white in risen. Kt

g - 14642

29 July-A-MB-20-2a Karr•0112

the state conference held in Crac w n 16th December 1943, where

Frank stated with reat satisfacti n that the executi nshad nfav.u-

rable c nsequences", an.ther qu..sti n was simultane usly discussed.

In the rec rds f this confer .nee it is sai :

USSR-223 "We must discuss the question whether, it is possible t arange rag. 20

special laces I executi n, as it has been estelished that the

rolish I opulati n gathers at accessible places of executi n t

collect the earth saturated with bleed intu vessels which they

place in Churches."

The defense counsel tried t s, eak here at out interminale disen-

sions of Frank with the police; he ha.! alle edly lisarrood vh

their acti n. Let us see what kind f . issensi ons these vrer •

The first "s nder-actionlt carried cut in lolan, nemcly j te A

operati n -a physical exterminati n f several thousands 1 lish

intellectuals- hjad n.t been initiated by the , olico, 1 ut • been

initiated tv Frank himself. Acc rdin t the ecrce f itl r f

2nd May 1912, the Cirector of the _ dice was sub r linatl t the

Governor General. Vhen some, dissensi ns between Frankan the

chief f the police did arise, it was Krue or wh haco leave his

post of police chief, whereas Frank remained G vernc General of

Poland. As for the Oberrupenfuehrer Koppe, wh tk the place

of Kruecer, who else was it but Frank who exressehis thanks t him

on 16th ecember 1943, for sho tin the h sta es,is ratitude f r

his fruitful work’ an. notuu with satisfacti n groat specialist

is at the head f the police at the Government cn.raln. It is

inc om rehensible about what dissensions c ncqrn the olicy was

counsel Seidl talkin about.

His c unsel even tried to rejrosent Frank as "a n ularly cacefu!

anti-semite", wh. entertainin a neative attitude t wards the

Jewish 1 eople never initiated massacres of the Jevg r even insti a-

ted same. It is inc m_rhensible in this case h w the f 11 .win we rds

of Frank would be interpreted by the counsel :

14643

29 July-AM3-20-3a Karr H0191-0113

"The Jews are a race that should be exterminated, thereover we

USSR-223 catch even ne he shall he d ne away with, pag. 22 7

Or his declaration at the government sittin of 12 th Aucust 1942,

when he said :

"That 1,2 million Jews have been ci ndemned y us to starvati n is

quite com rehensible. It stands t reason that if these Jews d

n. t die of starvation, this will lead t precipitated active

measures directed a ainst the Jews."

Thecriminal activity f the henchman if the I lish nation led to

the extermination of millionsef yeclc.

14644

29 July-A- 21-1- .O-Hayne s. H0191-0114

USSR-223 IYou see how the state rgans are working; yM see that they

poge 16 don’t hesitate before anytning and stend up people by the

dozen against the wall". - This is the ma.nner in which Frank

himself at a conference of the Standartenfuhrers held the 18

March 1942, characterized the bloody recime of terror set up

throughout Poland.

USSR-223 "I did not hesitate to declare that for one German killed up

pnge 21. to a huncred Poles would be shot" - those words were pronoun-■»

c ced by Frank on the 15 January 1944 at a mectinc; of the poli­

tical leaders of the NSDAP.

USSR-223 "Had I cone to the Fuhrer and told him:‘My Fuhrer, I an ropo-

page 22 rting to you that I have cxtorminatcd another 150,000 Poles’,

he would have said: ’Perfect, if it was indispensable”' -

stated on the 18 larch 1944 whilst mnking a speech at the

Reichshof, that very sane Frark who now tries to convince

the Tri unal that he had some "difrences of opinion on

nattors of principle" with Hitler and Himmler.

The declarations that Frank made Curing the first months of

his stay in Poland were a veritable program of murders which

were perpetrated by the defendant methodically, ruthlessly

and according to plan.

Frank, of course, wa fully aware of the fact that should

war not bring victory with it, he would have to carry the

full responsibility for the crincs camitted in Poland as

well as for his participation in the fascist conspiracy.

i.s early as 1943 Frank spoke abc ut this at a meeting with

his accomplices. We must jive credit where it is due: as

a lawyer hv was inuch more correct in his depiction and for-

nulatiun of the concepts of a criminal conspiracy that cer­

tain lawyers at this trial, who, basing themselves cn out­

moded understandings, endeavour to dispute the foundation

for a conspiracy put forward by the Prosecution.

29 July-A- 21-2-40 Haynes, H0191-0115

USSR-223

page 18.

It was at this overnn nt meeting hold in the presence of

the police on the 25 January 1943 that the Governor-Ge neral

of that tine declared to Himlerts hyenas:

"...I would like to emphasize one point; we must not squirm

when we hear of 17,000 pcoplo bcing shot. These shot people

are also victims of war. Let us now reiember that all of us,

assebled here, figure on the list of crininals. of lr. Roose­

velt. I have the honor of being number one. Ve have become

so to say, accomplices on a worl -hist cry scale. It is ex­

actly for this reason that we have to keep. together and must

share the same general ideas, and it would be simply funny if

we started to wash our dirty linen in public by bickering

about methods”.

This appeal to murder is very far fra the "interminable

quarrels with the police” which defendant Frank spoke about

here.

The defendant made a mistake about one thing; he was incorrect

in defining his place in the dock. But he was net mistaken

about the fund-mentals: he took his „lace in the dock as a

"crininal on a worlc. history scale."

The history of the development of the Nazi movemcnt in Ger-

many and the numerous crines of the Hitlerites are incissol-

ubly c nnectel with the name of the defendant lilhelm Frick;

As minister of the Interior of the Hitlerite goverrent, Frick

participate in the issuin_ of nvmcrous laws, decrees and.

other acts directed towards the destruction of democracy in

Germany, the persecuti n of the church, the discrimination

against the Jews, etc.

In this capacity, the defendant Frick contributed most act­

ively to the creation in Germany of the Hitlerite totalita­

rian state.

During a period of many years, the German secret police, the

Gestapo, which was to acquire a gruesome fae, was subordin­

ated to the defendant Frick.

14646

29 July-A-21-3-;1.0i7-H'’.ync s, -0116

Official

Transcript

murning

26. L. 46

The order concerning the axtornination o£ aged people

and of the inscne was issued in 1940 by no other than

the defendant Frick.

In his capacity of Minister of the Interior of Hitler­

P.37-38. ite Germany, the witness Gesavius testified to in this

Court, Frick Was fully cngnisant of the vast system of

concentration camps spread throughout the Rd. ch, as wdl

as of the existence if these camps of an inhuman regime.

The' part played by the defendant Erick in the preparatio n

and the realization of the Hitlerite government’s aggres-

sive plans, was consider die, He was a member of the

State Defense Council as well as Plenipotentiary for

General ACmini stration.

All the documents, by which the Hitlerite con irators

legalized the incorgorati n by Germany of the seized

territories, w ere signed, among others, by the defen-

dant Frick.

In his capacity of Protector of Bohemia and . oravia, the

defencant Frick bears personal responsibility for all the

crimes committed on that territory by the Hitlerites.

After the feloncus att ck of Hitlerite Germany upon the

Soviet Union, the defendat Frick’s ministry of the

Interior participated most actively in the sotting up

of the administration in the seized territories of the

USSR. The machinery of the German occupational author­

ities in the East was manned mainly by officials of the

linistery of the Interior,

There is no need t. dwell again upon the part played by

this machinery, which was created, with the ncst active

cocpcration of the defendant Frick, in the externinati on,

the driving into slavery and the other inhuman actions

carried cut agains. the civilian p pul:tion of the

occuied territories.

Id 647

H0191-

29 July-A-21-4AO. -Heynes.

Frick bears full and lirect reponsibility fcr all these

crimes inasmuch as he was an active participant of the

Nazi conspiracy.

Notwithstanling the fact that during the wor years, the defendant

Julius Streicher did not formally hold functions directly connected with

the perpetration of urCers and xaSS executions, it is hard t overosti-

mate the crimes committed by this man.

Together with Himmler, Kaltenbrunner, ?ohl and those who conceived,

constructed and switched into action the gas chamlers and gas wagons;

together with those who personally committed mass actions, Streicher Imust bear respohsibility for the most cruel crimes of Gcrian fascism.

The inflaming of national and reacicl dissention, the cultivation

of depraved cruelty and the calling to murder - all this vras not only

the Party function of this man, but also the source of his incomc.

And it is not by accident, that in his greeting to Streicher dated

April 1937, which is alr.ady known to the Tribunal Hinnler expressed

his hih esteem for the merits of TDer Sturmer" and, of its publisher.

One can consider Strocec as the actual spiritual father of those

who quartered the children of brrenblinkn.. Had ic not been for the

"Sutmer" and its publicher, Corman fusciam wold not have been able

to educate at such snoro potic th s) n 6s cadres of wrdcrers vrho

personally put into cf the crlm’ncl plans f Ficcr and his pang,

by murdering over 6 milLion hr p .on .cws ..

Over a porio of mmny ytars r*chir 91 irit.c11y corrupted the

children and youth of Gernc r I be 3. -c Led '’children's editions” of

the "Stuemor" have boen subnthjed t the Tibunal. «

hnd therefore, together with Bal dur ven Schirach, Streicher must

bear responsibility for the selection of Jewish children from the Lvov

ghetto, for target practice by the morally depraved "Hitler Jugend”.

It is not by accident, that von Schirach held in so high an esteem

Streicher’s "historical merits".

The fanatical "Nunrberg Laws" were only the "beginning of the

strugglct for this "Nunber One Judeophobell as ho called hnsclf.

29 July-4 -21-5- -Hayne s •

who was also the orgarizer of the first Jewish pogroms. As t he Tribunal

can recall, after these laws wore issued, Streicher called for the phy­

sical cxtcrninttion of the Jews in Europe and he wrote: "This problem,

will only be solved when world Jewry is etcrminated".

I wi not dwell against, either, on the shameless and mendacious

“ritual nuabersh of the Stuermer, which were to incite the 33 men to-

wards the ld 11i ng of millions of guiltless persons and to justify any

atrocity directed ngrinst the Jews. These proofs of Streicher's guilt

which, among others, were submitted to the Tribunal, are of common

knowledge and not subject to any Ccubt.

GE-332 In 1939 he anticipated lnicanok and Treblinka and wrote that

PS*-8O1. "perhaps craves alone" will testify to the previous existence

of Jews in Euroep, /

In 1943, when the gas chambers of Treblinka and Auschwitz were

already englufing millions of victims, the "Stuermer" published

articles inciting to the liquidation of the ghetto, articles

wh ch were full of lies and maliciousness and finally the "

"Stuermer" could stite withhsacistical satisfaction that;

"The Jews of Europe have disappeared".

Stricher lied all his life. He attempted to lie, here in

Court, I do not know whether he believed he would be able

t. deceive anybody by these lies, or whether he lied from

habit or out of fear.

But it seums to me that it must be cpparent, even to the

defendant himscl, that his last lie will not deceive any­

body and wid 3 not bring about his salvation.

14649

29 July-/-GS-21 -la-Haynos H0191-0119

In carrying out a vost and complicated task the defendant, Hjalmar

Schacht played an emminent part in the preparati n ene the realization

of the criminal plans of the Nazi conspirators.

Shncht’s defense position is extremely simple:

If he is to he believed, purely pari tic motives drew him to Hitlerism,

He was arinst arrrossivo wars, but for the rearmament f Germany in

or’or to maintain peace. He was for the return of Germany’s colonics

in view of establishinr economic sto‘ ility in Europc.

Envin como to the conviction that the policy ~f the Nazi covernment was

irecte towrar's an oxcissivo armament and thereby here the menace of

another worl war, Schacht wont over to the opposition. He sabotaged

the measures taken by the Hitlerite government an? as a result he vs

persecute’ as a participant in the plot against Hitler. This is the

lefonso position of Schacht.

Defendant Schacht strives now to depict the enthusiastic letters, full

of expressions of loyalty which he addressed +e Hi-l, r, as a - th nr of

cnmoufloning his real oppositional foelinrs towards the Hitlerite reimo.

Actually, Schacht’s connoction with the Nazi movement bocins as early as

1930. Schacht was drawn to National Socialism and both Hitler and Goering

su ht Schacht's support. Indod the latter, with his vast connections

in Germany’s industrial and financial spheres, coulc, like nobody else,

renter invnlunhlc services to the Nazi movement. And this he did.

FS-157 As early as -upust 29, 1932, in a letter to Hitler, Schacht assured the

latter of his layolty. These were not more words, for more than anybody,

Dof cn nnt School. • loyod a "ocisivo pnrt in Hitler’s a'vent to power. It

was he, Schacht, who orgonized the demana formulated by the German S-

770 industrialists for Hitler to bo named Reich Chancellor.

As early o.s 1932, he, Schacht, declared to von Panen, who was then Rcich

Chancellor of Germany: "Hand over your rest to Hitler." JS-161-203 It was ain Schnoht who, in 1933, on the eve of the Rcichsto- elections 3-6553-767 called, the conference of industrialists which created an election fund of

several million marks for the Nazi party.

14650

H0191-0120

2 9 July-A-GES -21 -2 Q-Hayne s

Hitler’s closest follower, Goebbels, characterizes thus the part playod

by Schacht and his importance in the creation of Nozi Germany. On the

21st of November 1932, he wrote down in his diary:

In a talk with Dr. Schacht, I come to the conviction that he fully

5S-262 shares our point of view. He is one of the few who fully agrees with

the position of the Fuehrer".

S- in his speech at the spring fair in Lcipzig on the 4th of March, 1935, the1409

defencant Schacht depicted himself his part in the Nazi states

"I can assure you th t all that I do an1 all that I say is in full

agrecment with the uchrer, and that I will do and say nothing that

would not be approved by the Fuehrer. That is why it is the Fuehrer

and not I who is the bearer of economic reason."

As Schacht expected, Hitler appreciated his merits at their full value.

After his advent to power in 1933 Hitler immediately nominated Schacht

to the post of President of the Reichsbank an1 then to the Ministry of

Economy, and finally to the post of plenipotentiary General on matters

of War Econony.

The Prosecution an tho proceedings have proved, the extraordinary nart

played by Schacht in thoprcparation of Germany’s armaments and conso-

quontly in the launching of agerossivo wars.

US-838 The former war minister, von Blombcrg, testified that in 1937 the

PS- o vol opmen t plans of tho armed forces were close to comlotion and that3901

Schacht was informed of* these plans and of their financin .

Schacht was one of the most consistent partisans of the Nczi's criminal

plons• In a talk with the United States Ambassador Fuller on the 23rd of

September, 1936, Schacht stated that:

"Germany absolutely needs colonies. If it is possible, we wrill>e

5S-639 acquire them by means of negotiations. If not, we will seize them."

ES-450 Spoaking in Vienna in March, 1938, Schacht declared:JS-632S-297 "Thank God, this could not prevent the rreat German people from

continuing on its course, because Adolf Hitler unified German will and

29 Ju. --ES-213a-HaynesH0191-0121

Gorman bhought. He strongtheno 1 it with reinforced armed forces

nn in the end he rave nn outer shape to the inner unity of

Germany and Austria.“

Defendant Schacht ws entrustod with extraordinary powers in the

sphere of war economy.

14652

29 July-A.-JH.-22-1-Feldt

H0191-0122

Over a period of many years Schacht cuulated the functions of

Roichsbank President, llinister of Jconory, and Plenipotentiary General

of Tor Econony.

3c it only as a result of -those positions, the defendant Schacht

played an enormous and decisive part in the c reation and r osurroction

of Nazi Germany’s war economy and armed forces.

PS-6l This activity of the " " ' .. t Schacht is clearly described in the -1OL

PS-650 numerous laudatory letters vrhi.ch he received from Hitler. PS-397

The defendant Schacht and no other was the creator of the adventurous

method of issuing so-called "lefo bills", by vhich tvrelve nilli ns of

Reichsmarks were assigned, aside from budget assignations, to Goman

economy for rearmament purposes.

Ae was already stated above, the defendant Schacht attempted, at

various periods of his activity, to stress his allegod evor-incroasing

dissension with the Nazi regino. In reality, Schacht was carrying

out a double cane. On one hand, he shielded himself from the

rospc nsibility for the criminal policy of the Nazi government by

flirtin with persons who actually did strive to overthrovr the Nazi

rocinc, and on the other, he remained loyal to this rogimo.

It was only in 1943, vhen the donmfall of Nazi Germany become apparent,

even to such a hard-boilod - ” tician as Schacht, that he established

commcction with oppositional circles. However, true to hi nsnl he

took precautions for any event, and he did not actually do anything

porsonally to overthrow the Nazi reginc, and that is vhy he was spared

by Hitler.

That is the portrait of the defendant Schacht, and that is the part

played by him in Hitler's conspiracy and war crimes.

Iu is the part of the creator of Nazi Germany’s war economy and of an

instigator of, the Second Torld TTar launched by the criminal Nazi

Government.

-altor Funk became a Nazi long before his official admission in 1931,

into the membership of the IISDAP, and he remained a Nazi up to the end.

His economic knowledge, his experience as a journalist, his extensive

2? Jul --JT-22-2-Feldt

H0191-

USSR-1150 Irons.7.V,l6, morn.sos pagc 51

Trans• 6.V.16 ev.SOS.PP 57-62

Trans.7.V,16 nor: 1. sos pp 1-22

Trans• 301.l6 morn.sds.p.17 USA-36PS-2191;USSRL51

USA-662PS—24c9

connections vith the leaders of 'die Goman industry, trade and

finance were put by him at tho service cf the Hitlerite conspirators.

An article published in the - spaper "Das Reich” on 13 August 1910,

under the heading "Walter Funk - pioneer of the national-socialist

thought", read as follotrs:

"Walter Funk was true to his principles because he was, is and always

will be a true national socialist, a champion, devoting all hip

labor to the victory of tho Fuehrer’s ideals."

iThat was meant by "Fuehrer's ideals", we already know only too well.

Funle devoted to these '’ideals" 15 years of his 15 fe.

Funic declared that he had nothin in common with the SS, but it was

he. Funk, 1 th transfornoc the vaults of the Reichsbank into

depositories for the treasures, plundered by the SS-non in the

ESastern and other occupied territories.

Tunk personally ave orders, after his negotiations vith Iirmler, to

take into the Reichsbank the golden tooth plates, the glass rims and

other voluables bolonging to the victims of nu : xous concentrati, n

camps, tortured todcath.

Tho Gruppcnfuchrer S3 Hoilor vs Funic’s deputy. Under Funk’s

direction operated Olendorf, this murderer, who has the death of

90,000 persons on his conscience.

Funle, supplcnonting Schacht’s measures, put the whole of Germany's

economy at the s crvice of the aggressive Hitlerite plans, and later

on - the economy of the territories Germans occupied as well.

already in ay 1939, Funk, together vith his Deputy, Lendfriod,

olasorated plans for the financing of the war and the utilization of

the economic resources of Germany and annexed Czechoslovakia, for

war purposes.

14654

29 July 1946-(-R-22-la Feldt

USA-732 On 2 3 June 1939, Funk takes part in the conference cf the ReichiS-378

Defonsc Council, which elaborated detailed flans for the reconversion

of all national economy to a war footing.

USSR-452 Alroady at that epoch, Funk was not only informed of Germany’s im­

pending attack on Poland, was not only cooperating in the realization

of this aggressive plan, but was also preparing economically new wars,

the seizure of new territories. Such were the "Fuehrer ’ s" great

political aims which were set out by Funk, a few months later, in his

rticlc entitled "Economic and Financial mobilization!

I shall mention one mere ducment. On 29 august 1939, Funk wrote

to Hitler:

GB-L9 "Fieldmarshal Goering told me that my Fuehrer yestorday g.IS-699 ‘

ing approved the main points of the measures conceived by m for the

financiing of war, stabilization of prices, fixation of wages and the

or_anization of subscript! n to obligatory cnations; this news made

me hapy.”

4 long tine before the treacherous attack of Germany against the

USSR, Funk participated in the olabornti n f plans for the spoliati n

of the riches of the Soviet Union.

Funk attached his collaborators to Rosenberg’s ministry and to the

Econ mic Staff OST - this predatory organizati n. Funk’s agents took

part in the plunder also of Czech si vakia, Jugoslavia and other occupied

countries.

Transe • Funk was the, resident of the "Continental Oil Company" which vas7-5-56mern. created f r the exploitation by Germans f the oil fields in the occupied . p• -4

-astern Territories, and especially the oil fields cf Grosnyand Baku.

Funk was in full agreement with the predatcry aims cf the war

launched y Germany against the USSR. He ma le a speech on 17 December

191 in Prague, to the effect that the East is the future German colony.

Funk participated at the conference which tock place on 6-8-19 L2 at

Gnerin's ffice, for the discuss?on of the most effective measures for

the economic plunder of theoccupied territories of the USST; ioland,

Czechoslovakia, Jugoslavia, France, Norway, and ether countries.

14655

H0191-0124

29 uy 1916--R-22-2a Feldt

At this conference, as well as at the conference of the "Central

Hanning Boardt, Funk participated in the elaboration of plans for

the deportation to slavery of millions of people from the occupied

territories.

Such ore the fundamental stages f tin criminal activity of the

Litl rite conspirator, defendant Tunk - Hitler’s personal adviser on

the economic question since 1931, Reich Minister and Plenipotentisry

General for Economic questions, ire side nt of the Reichbank and member

of the Reich Defense Council, during the period of the preparations and

the realization of the criminal plan (conspiracy).

Tlie guilt of Funk, this active participant of fascist conspiracy

for the roalizaticn of crimes against individuals, in war crimes and

crimes against humanity - this guilt has been fully proved and he must

bear the responsibility for tho evil deeds perpetrated by him.

SCHT JkCH

Since 1931 and until the end of the war, the defendant von Schirach

vas at the head of the Nazi youth.

.ifter the publication of 1st December 1936, of a decree concerning

the Hitkrito youth, von Schirach was - in his capacity of the Reich

leader of y. uth - directly subordinated to Hitler.

In his statements befol the Court, the defendant von Schirach, in

his efforts t av id the responsibility for the education of the German

youth in the spirit of national socialist ideas, made frequent references

to the fact that "Hitlerjugend" was a youth organization independent

of the nazi ..arty and the Hitlerite government.

for the purposes of his defense, the defendant Schirach deemed it

p ossicle and relevant to refer to the great Goethe, whose words — "the

youth itself educates young people" - were utilized by Schirach with

open cynicism.

Goethe, was, of c urse, right when he said that "the youth itself

educates the young people". But he mant the healthy y uth full of value,

joyful y uth, and not youth corrupted with the obscur antism of the

Hitlerism, described clearly by the words of Hitler addressed to

Rauschning:

H0191-0125

2- Ju’; 1946---D1R-223a Felet

USSR-378 de shall educate youth before which the whole world shall tremble(p. 252) reuh, exacting, cruel youth. That is what I went. Cut youth must

e in the possession of all these qualities. It must be without1 1 Ve

eforo suffering. It must be without weakness or softness. I went to

see a glint of the vild animal in its eye.”

-nd the Defendant Schirach instilled stematically the ideas of

Fitlerism in the conscience of German youth, and educated the German

youth in the s; irit of Hitler’s vishes, modelling them after the image

of the grown-up-leaders of the Hitlerite gang.

During cross examination, the defendant Schirach was, at the end,

forced to admit that the German youth was r u ht up in the irit of

national socialist ideas, that members of the si., officers of the German

armed forces, and the Ss, -- ted in its education, and that intense

1 repar i n f the youth for war was being carried out in Germany.

For this rurpose, special agreements trere made etureen the Reich Leaders

of "Hitlerjugend" and the OKI, as represented by the

14657

29 July-A--22-1b FeldtH0191-0127

defendant Keitel anc the Reichsfushrer SS Himmler, which made rovi-

si ns for the ducation of ycuth in the sp±rit of agrressive militaris

and a ; .ropriate enlistment and the pre arati n of youth for the

Ger nan armed forces and the SS units.

The pert taken 1 y thu ---- - v. n Sch rach an his participation

i the common consgiracy, in war crimes an crimes a ainst humanity

are best f all characterise:. by the behavi ur of the German y uth

brouht up in "Hitler jurendt durina the war.

The Soviet i-r secution has resented t the Trilunal under USSR

in conformity with Article 21 f the Charter, a re ort f the

EXtraor dinary S.ate Comission ab ut the crimes committed by the

Gormans n the territory f Lvrow reci n.

This re .. rt rec rds the coclarati . n f the French citizen, Ida Wasseaw

about the inhuman executi n y the members of the "Hitler ju end" of

young chil ren, i vh om they ma e tarrets f r sh tin .

USSR-455 in her wirtten de, siti n f 16 May 1916 an also in her answers to

the qu-sti nnaire . f Counsel f r the defendant Schirach, Ida Wasseaux

c nfirnet this declaration t the letter.

Conclusive testimony ' .. acti ns f the members of the "Hitler

ju end" in tho cadre of the German armed f rces were civen by a Ger-

man solcier, war-risoner, Hertom Knitol, himself a f rmer member USSR-L5l

f the "Hitler ju end" since 1938 ano who at the a-e of 13, was

recruited int the German army in 1942.

Dcscril in his particijati n in numer us crimes Hert Knitol, declared;

"In th... locality f Lishaisk, ur c mpany set n fire in June 1943 a

h use t ether with all the Leo] le wh were in it ... All those

tried t jump out f tho h use, we sh t d wn, excepting ne old woman

whom we di 1 n t sh t, down, as she 1 st her mind before ur very

eyes..."

F r all those crimes, the defendant v n Schirach bears full res; onsi-

ility to. other with Hert Knitel and th ousancs of Sth.rs.

14658

29 Ju-A-.-22-2b Feldt

H0191-012B

USSR-193 Schirach himself dic not, of c urse, sh • t, dic not set on fire but USSR~36USSR-357 he armed the Gernan youty, morally corrupted it and prepared it

for the commission of any atrocity.

But the activity durin the war of the "Hitler jucendn end the defen-

dant Schirach wa.s not United to these crimes only.

The Hitlurju end" t ok an active part in the rejaration of the war

of a russi n by the creation . f fifth columns in Poland and

Yu. si via j the official re, rts f the a lish and . u Slav Govern­

ments testify to this fact. The Or anizati n "Hitler ju end" t k an

active p art in the executi n f all the measures undertaken by the

Zinistry f r Occupied Eastern Territories, an : this is sh wn by the

re rt ± the efen dent Rosenber , resented to the Tribunal as

31039- FS3 it . artici ated ~] - in the de. rt' ti n t slavery from

the occupied territories of children between th. acs of 10 and 14,

vhich fact is proved 1 y a d cument resented to the Tribunal under

# 1031-S.

In his caacity f Reich deputy an Gauleiter f Vienna, Schirach

directed personally the evict! n of 60,000 Jews from Vienna, and wh

af tervar Is were exterminated in the c ncentration camps f Poland,

-he - cumonts iresente. by the rr secuti n -weekly re rts addressed

to Schirach, rove the fact that he was informed of all the numerous

crimes . erletratoc ' tho German armec f rces and the occu ati n

auth ri-ties in the East, and, in articular, about the tra. ic fate of

the tens f tn usan s f Jews dc, rte fr m Vienna.

.Tn 17/40 the cfenlant Schirach sent a tele ram to B rmann, in which he

e andec thu cestructi n from the air f cne of the cultural t wns of

Great i ri tain, in answer to the murder f Hei rich, that butcher f

Bohe ia an.1. M ravia.

This telegram is in itself a sufficiently vivid and convincing des­

cription of the moral aspect of vn Schirach. Faithfull t the Hitler

clique, ri ht to the end, aware f all its criminal deeds, in which he

himself to k an active 1 art —the defnlant v n Schirach is .ne f the

most sinister figuros f the third Reich.

Th hi FRESLENT $ The Tribunal will adjourn now.

(The Tribunal adj urned until Tuesday, 30 July, at 1000 hours,)

14659