1 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program is a human development program of the national government that invests in the health and education of poor households, particularly of children aged 0-14 years old or Pantawid Pamilya is a government program that gives financial assistance or cash grants to the poorest of the poor families to help them sustain their needs on health, nutrition and education of children 0-14 years old. The program has the following specific objectives: to improve preventive health care among pregnant women and young children; to increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school; to reduce the incidence of child labor; to raise the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor households, and to encourage parents to invest in their children’s human capital through their nutrition, education, and participation in community activities. 2 Aimed at providing social assistance and facilitating social development, it claims to fulfill the country’s commitment to meet the five (5) Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), namely: eradication of extreme poverty and hunger, achievement
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Transcript
1
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program is a human development
program of the national government that invests in the health and education of
poor households, particularly of children aged 0-14 years old or Pantawid Pamilya
is a government program that gives financial assistance or cash grants to the
poorest of the poor families to help them sustain their needs on health, nutrition
and education of children 0-14 years old.
The program has the following specific objectives: to improve preventive
health care among pregnant women and young children; to increase the
enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school; to reduce the incidence of
child labor; to raise the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor
households, and to encourage parents to invest in their children’s human capital
through their nutrition, education, and participation in community activities.2
Aimed at providing social assistance and facilitating social development, it
claims to fulfill the country’s commitment to meet the five (5) Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs), namely: eradication of extreme poverty and hunger,
achievement of universal primary education, promotion of gender equality,
reduction of child mortality and improvement of maternal health.3
The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) has created
systems to track the implementation of the program, namely: beneficiary update
systems, compliance verification systems, and grievance redress systems.4
The poorest households in the municipalities are selected through the
National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTS-PR)
implemented by the DSWD using the Proxy Means Test. This test determines the
socio-economic category of the families by looking at certain proxy variables
such as ownership of assets, type of housing, education of the household head,
livelihood of the family and access to water and sanitation facilities. The
beneficiaries were chosen because their family has small monthly income that is
not enough for the family; children aged 0-14 or a pregnant family member; and
agreed to comply with the conditions of the program.5
2
To avail of the cash grants beneficiaries should comply with the following
conditions: pregnant women must avail pre- and post-natal care and be attended
during childbirth by a trained health professional; parents or guardians must
attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers’ classes, and parent effectiveness
seminars; 0-5 year old children must receive regular preventive health check-ups
and vaccines; 3-5 year old children must attend day care or pre-school classes at
least 85% of the time and 6-14 year old children must enroll in elementary or high
school and must attend at least 85% of the time.6
A household beneficiary receives P6, 000 every year or P500 every month
as health and nutrition expenses and an additional P3, 000 for 10 months or P300
per month for education expenses of one child. In all, a household with three
qualified children receives as much as P1, 400 a month. The cash grant is given
every two months or six times a year. The program limits a household to a
maximum of three children. The cash grants are continuous for five years as long
as the household complies with the requirements. The cash grants shall be
received by the most responsible person in the household, usually the mother,
through a Land Bank cash card. In cases where payment through cash card is not
feasible, the beneficiaries shall be provided their cash grants through an
alternative payment scheme such as over-the-counter transactions from the
nearest Land bank branch or offsite payments through Land bank. Cash grants are
also released through other rural banks, Globe Remit, Phil post, First
Consolidated Bank and other Cooperative Financial Institutions (CFI) especially
in far-flung areas. However, the beneficiaries can graduate from the program
earlier if: a) there is no more 0-14 years old child in the family, b) the family has
been suspended because of non compliance, or c) the beneficiaries moved to a
new address that is not a Pantawid Pamilya area.7
The 4Ps is implemented by the Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD) is responsible in social welfare and development programs
and services, along with cooperative partner agencies such as Department of
Education is accountable in education programs and services , Department of
Health is in charge in health programs and services, Department of Interior and
3
Local Government is responsible also in peace and order, security of the people,
and enhances capability of local government units, National Anti – Poverty
Commission, National Commission and Indigenous People, National Economic
and Development Authority and Philippine Commission on women.8
The 4Ps areas in the Cordillera Administrative Region are Abra, Apayao,
Kalinga, Mt.Province, Ifugao, Baguio City and Benguet.9
Thus, the researcher find the necessity to evaluate the effectiveness of
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program objectives in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet; to
find out the perception of the parent- beneficiaries on the extent of attainment of
the 4Ps conditionalities; the extent of utilization of cash grants; and the level of
seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend Family
Development Sessions, the study can be utilize to effect further enhancement of
the program to improve the lives of its beneficiaries and can also help the
beneficiaries broaden their perspective in life.
4
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program was patterned after the conditional
cash transfer programs in Latin American countries which have been proven
successful as poverty reduction and social development measure.10
The conditional cash transfer program is a government program that aims
to alleviate poverty. In the Philippines, the CCT is known locally as Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps). The program was formally launched by
former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo in November 2008, several months
after the government started to implement it in January 2008.11
In effort to combat poverty in the Philippines, Arroyo launched the project
in 2008. It was originally known as the National Sector Support for Social
Welfare Development Program (NSS-SWDP), a project conceptualized in 2006.12
The 4Ps became the flagship project of the Arroyo administration in
poverty reduction and social development by providing cash grants to the poorest
of the poor families. The Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD) was assigned to implement the program.13
In 2010, President Benigno Aquino III opted to continue the program
despite the criticisms raised by some members of the Philippine Congress.
Currently, around three million households are enrolled in the program. The
government hopes to aid nearly five million families living below the poverty line
by 2014.14
The Aquino administration plans to increase the budget for the program
from P34 billion this year to around P45 billion in 2013. In 2011, the program has
a P21.9 billion budget, almost double than the P12 billion allotted in 2010.15
As a daughter of a beneficiary, the researcher was motivated to conduct a
study on the perceptions of parent-beneficiaries towards the Pantawid Pamilyang
Pilipino Program (4Ps) in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet, and to be analyzed.
The framework consists of three (3) interrelated variables: independent
variable, dependent variables and moderator variables. Figure 1 shows the
The T - test was used to determine the significant differences of the
perceptions of the respondents along the moderator variable of gender.
The formula is
t=X 1−¿X 2
√¿¿¿¿¿
Where: X1 = Mean of Male X2 = Mean of Female SD1 = Variance of the Mean of Male
SD2 = Variance of the Mean of Female N = Number of cases of each group df = Degree of freedom
Chapter 4
PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS
16
This chapter deals with the presentation and interpretation of the findings
made by the researcher. Its main purpose is to look into the perceptions of male
and female parent-beneficiaries towards the program.
The presentation and interpretation of the findings covered each of the
specific problems of the study.
Specifically, it answers these questions:
I. Extent of effectiveness of PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM
objectives
II. Extent of attainment of the PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO
PROGRAM conditionalities
III. Extent of utilization of cash grants
IV. Level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to attend
Family Development Sessions.
Differences in the perceptions of the respondents along the moderator
variables are also dealt in this chapter.
Table 2. General perceptions of male and female respondents on the
extent of effectiveness of the objectives of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program.
N = 34
4Ps Objectives VME5
ME4
MdE3
SE2
NE1
AWM R
1.Improve preventive health care among pregnant women and young children
59(295)
14(56)
4(12)
0(0)
2(2)
4.62 1
2.Increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school
51(255)
21(84)
7(21)
0(0)
0(0)
4.56 3
3.Reduce the incidence of child labor
4.Raise the average consumption rate in
41(205)
44(220)
25(10013
(52)
12(36)18
(54)
1(2)3
(6)
0(0)0
(0)
4.34
4.20
4
5
17
food expenditure of poor households5.Encourage parents to invest in their children’s human capital through investments in health and nutrition, education and participation in community activities
54(270)
19(76)
6(18)
0(0)
0(0)
4.61 2
Mean 4.47
Table two (2) presents the perceptions of male and female respondents on
the effectiveness of the objectives of PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO
PROGRAM.
Improve preventive health care among pregnant women and young
children is the first in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.62. This
shows that there is improvement with regards to the health of the mothers and
children.
Encourage parents to invest in their children’s human capital through
investments in health and nutrition, education and participation in community
activities is the second in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.61.
According to them they took good care of their children’s health and education
and they adapted better living practices.
Increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school ranks
third with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.56. This program let the
parents send their children to school because of the aid given to them and the
Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) monitors them.
Reduce the incidence of child labor is fourth in rank with an average
weighted mean (AWM) of 4.34. This reveals that many children are go to school
hence reduces the incidence of child labor.
Raise the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor
households is last in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.20. This
implies that even though there is aid from the program it does not mean that it can
18
feed all the members of the family thus, it does not raise the average consumption
rate in food expenditure of poor households
Table 3. Extent of attainment of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program conditionalities as perceived by the male and female respondents.
N = 34
4Ps Conditionalities VMA5
MA4
MdA3
LA2
NA1
AWM R
1.Pregnant women must get pre- and post-natal care, and be attended during childbirth by a skilled or trained health professional
61(305)
9(36)
7(21)
2(4)
0(0)
4.631.5
2.Parents or guardians must attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers’ classes, and parenteffectiveness seminars
55(275)
19(76)
5(15)
0(0)
0(0)
4.631.5
3.The children 0-5 years old must receive regular preventive health check - ups and vaccines
65(325)
12(48)
2(6)
0(0)
0(0)
4.802
4.The children aged 3-5 years old must attend day care or pre-school classes at least 85% of the time
64(320)
10(40)
5(15)
0(0)
0(0)
4.753
5.Children 6-14 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend at least 85%of the time
72(360)
6(24)
1(3)
0(0)
0(0)
4.901
Mean 4.74
Table three (3) shows the extent of attainment of the Pantawid Pamilyang
Pilipino Program conditionalities as perceived by the male and female
respondents. As show in the table almost all of the conditionalities were VMA.
Children 6-14 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend
at least 85%of the time is first in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of
4.90. This implies that most of the children enrolled maintain their attendance.
19
The children 0-5 years old must receive regular preventive health check-
ups and vaccines. This indicator ranks number two (2) with an average weighted
mean (AWM) of 4.80. This implies that the children availed
immunization/preventive health check-up.
The children aged 3-5 years old must attend day care or pre-school classes
at least 85% of the time is third in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM)
of 4.75. They need to accompany their children to school to attain their classes
with at least 85%.
Pregnant women must get pre- and post-natal care, and be attended during
childbirth by a skilled or trained health professional; parents or guardians must
attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers’ classes, and parent effectiveness
seminars are both rank 1.5 with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.63. This
shows that the pregnant women visited health centers for preventive check-up and
health care and the respondents complied with the condition of the program.
Table 4. Extent of utilization of cash grants as perceived by the male and
female parent respondents.
N = 34
Needs and Wants
A5
VO4
O3
S2
N1
AWM R
1. Food 66(330)
7(28)
6(18)
0(0)
0(0)
4.76 1
2. Medicines 15(75)
17(68)
31(93)
16(32)
0(0)
3.39 3
3. Water 22(110)
2(8)
2(6)
6(12)
47(47)
2.32 6
4. Clothes 19(95)
2(8)
6(18)
16(32)
36(36)
2.39 5
5.Transportations 3(15)
2(8)
17(51)
19(38)
26(26)
1.75 7
6. Shoes 1(5)
4(16)
6(18)
10(20)
58(58)
1.48 9
7. Sandals 0(0)
5(20)
7(21)
15(30)
52(52)
1.56 8
8. Slippers 16(80)
14(56)
25(75)
19(38)
5(5)
3.22 4
20
9. School supplies 59(295)
13(52)
2(6)
3(6)
2(2)
4.57 2
10. Toys 0(0)
4(16)
3(9)
13(26)
59(59)
1.39 11
11. Dolls 1(5)
4(16)
3(9)
14(28)
57(57)
1.46 10
Mean 2.57
Table four (4) presents the extent of utilization of cash grants as perceived
by the male and female parent respondents.
First in rank is food with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.76. This
implies that the respondents spend the grant money wisely for food necessities.
Second in rank are school supplies with an average weighted mean
(AWM) of 4.57. This shows that the respondents utilize the cash grant for the
education of their children.
Third in rank is medicines with an average weighted mean (AWM) of
3.39. This shows that the respondents used the money wisely but they need to take
good care of their health in order not to get sick.
Fourth in rank is slippers with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 3.22.
This implies that the children of the respondents were usually using slippers for
the protection of their feet.
Fifth in rank is clothes with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 2.39.
Some respondents said that they buy clothes if it is very necessary.
Last in rank is toys with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.39. This
reveals that the respondents spend only the grant money for the health and
education of the children.
21
N = 34
Factors VS5
QS4
MdS3
LS2
NS1
AWM R
1.Poor Vision 4(20)
9(36)
11(33)
1(26)
42(42)
1.99 2
2.Poor Hearing 3(15)
7(28)
11(33)
12(24)
46(46)
1.85 4
3.Too much engagement of activities
16(80)
16(64)
9(27)
7(14)
31(31)
2.73 1
4.Sickly 7(35)
1(4)
10(30)
11(22)
50(50)
1.78 5
5.Insecurity 1(5)
5(20)
5(15)
13(26)
55(55)
1.53 9
6.Shyness 2(10)
4(6)
9(27)
9(18)
55(55)
1.59 7
7.Easily get bored 3(15)
2(8)
7(21)
11(22)
56(56)
1.54 8
8.Low intelligence 2(10)
3(12)
9(27)
12(24)
53(53)
1.59 7
9.Weather 4(20)
9(36)
13(39)
3(6)
50(50)
1.91 3
Mean 1.83Table 5. Level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to
attend the Family Development Sessions as perceived by the male and female
parent respondents.
Table five (5) shows the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the
respondents to attend Family Development Sessions as perceived by the male and
female parent respondents.
Too much engagement of activities with an average weighted mean
(AWM) of 2.73. This implies that the respondents have many works to do but
they find time to attend Family Development Sessions.
Poor vision is rank number two (2) with an average weighted (AWM) of
1.99. The respondents should eat foods with vitamin A, C, E and minerals
because these are essential for good eyesight.
22
The third in rank is weather with an average weighted mean (AWM) of
1.91. The respondents should attend the FDS even though the weather is not good
in order to learn something.
The fourth is poor hearing with an average weighted mean (AWM) of
1.85. The respondents have poor hearing should see a doctor to make sure that
they do not have an ear infection.
The lowest in rank is insecurity with an average weighted mean (AWM)
of 1.53. Some of the respondents said that even though they felt insecurity they
attend Family Development Sessions.
23
Table 6. Extent on the effectiveness of the objectives of Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program as perceived by the male parent respondents.
N = 34
4Ps Objectives VME5
ME4
MdE3
SE2
NE1
AWM R
1.Improve preventive health care among pregnant women and young children
23(115)
7(28)
3(9)
0(0)
1(1)
4.5 2
2.Increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school
21(105)
8(32)
5(15)
0(0)
0(0)
4.47 3
3.Reduce the incidence of child labor 19
(95)10
(40)4
(12)1
(2)0
(0)4.38 4
4.Raise the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor households
18(90)
4(16)
9(27)
2(4)
0(0)
4.03 5
5.Encourage parents to invest in their children’s human capital through investments in health and nutrition, education and participation in community activities
24(120)
8(32)
2(6)
0(0)
0(0)
4.65 1
Mean 4.41
Table six (6) presents the perceptions of male parents on the effectiveness
of the objectives of PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM.
Encourage parents to invest in their children’s human capital through
investments in health and nutrition, education and participation in community
activities is the first in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.65). This
shows that the parents were encouraged to invest in their children’s human
capital.
24
Improve preventive health care among pregnant women and young
children is second in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.5). This
implies that the program improves health among pregnant women and young
children.
Increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school ranks
third with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.47. This reveals that the
enrollment and attendance rate in school were increased.
Reduce the incidence of child labor is fourth in rank with an average
weighted mean (AWM) of 4.38. The parents can now provide the needs of their
children and that they are not pushed to work.
Raise the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor
households is last in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.03. They
have some other expenditure since their children go to school.
Table 7. Extent of attainment of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program conditionalities as perceived by the male parent respondents.
N = 34
4Ps Conditionalities VMA5
MA4
MdA3
LA2
NA1
AWM R
1.Pregnant women must get pre- and post-natal care, and be attended during childbirth by a skilled or trained health professional
27(135)
2(8)
4(12)
1(2)
0(0)
4.625
2.Parents or guardians must attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers’ classes, and parenteffectiveness seminars
24(120)
9(36)
1(3)
0(0)
0(0)
4.684
3.The children 0-5 years old must receive regular preventive health check - ups and vaccines
30(150)
4(16)
0(0)
0(0)
0(0)
4.881
4.The children aged 3-5 years old must attend day care or pre-school classes
28(140)
3(12)
3(9)
0(0)
0(0)
4.743
25
at least 85% of the time5.Children 6-14 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend at least 85%of the time
29(145)
5(20)
0(0)
0(0)
0(0)
4.852
Mean 4.75
Table seven (7) shows the extent of attainment of the Pantawid Pamilyang
Pilipino Program conditionalities as perceived by the male parent respondents. As
show in the table almost all of the conditionalities were VMA.
The children 0-5 years old must receive regular preventive health check-
ups and vaccines. This indicator ranks number one (1) with an average weighted
mean (AWM) of 4.88. This implies that the children availed
immunization/preventive health check-up.
Children 6-14 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend
at least 85%of the time. This indicator is number two (2) with an average
weighted mean (AWM) of 4.85. This reveals that most of the children enrolled in
elementary and high school maintain their attendance rate of at least 85%.
The children aged 3-5 years old must attend day care or pre-school classes
at least 85% of the time. This indicator ranks (3) with an average weighted mean
(AWM) of 4.74. They need to accompany their children to school to attain their
classes with at least 85%.
Parents or guardians must attend responsible parenthood sessions,
mothers’ classes, and parent effectiveness seminars. This indicator ranks four (4)
with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.15. This is important to enhance
more knowledge about their responsibilities as partners of the government in
improving their families’ standard of living.
Pregnant women must get pre- and post-natal care, and be attended during
childbirth by a skilled or trained health professional. This indicator is number five
(5) with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.62. This shows that the pregnant
women visited health centers for preventive check-up and health care. According
to http://www.shopdeltalabs.com/1 prenatal and postnatal care are equally
Mean 1.82Table 9. Level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to
attend the Family Development Sessions as perceived by the male parent
respondents.
Table nine (9) shows the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the
respondents to attend Family Development Sessions as perceived by the male
parent respondents.
Too much engagement of activities with an average weighted mean
(AWM) of 2.85. According to some they engage in many works so sometimes
they don’t finish their work but they attend Family Development Sessions.
Ranking both second are poor vision and sickly with a respective average
weighted mean (AWM) of 1.94. According to them they cannot read the topics
being discussed to them under these poor conditions.
29
The fourth in rank is weather with an average weighted mean (AWM) of
1.88. This reveals that they cannot adapt with the climate change and poor
weather to attend the seminar or training scheduled.
The fifth is poor hearing with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.79.
According to most respondents they have no problem in their sense of hearing.
The lowest or the ninth in rank is insecurity with an average weighted
mean (AWM) of 1.38. This shows that a feeling of insecurity was not a hindrance
for them to attend Family Development Sessions.
Table 10. Extent of effectiveness of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program objectives as perceived by the female parent respondents.
N = 45
4Ps Objectives VME5
ME4
MdE3
SE2
NE1
AWM R
1.Improve preventive health care among pregnant women and young children
36(180)
7(28)
1(3)
0(0)
1(1)
4.71 1
2.Increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school
30(150)
13(52)
2(6)
0(0)
0(0)
4.62 2
3.Reduce the incidence of child labor
22(110)
15(60)
8(24)
0(0)
0(0)
4.31 4
4.Raise the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor households
26(130)
9(36)
9(27)
1(0)
0(0)
4.28 5
5.Encourage parents to invest in their children’s human capital through investments in health and nutrition, education and participation in community activities
30(150)
11(44)
4(12)
0(0)
0(0)
4.58 3
Mean 4.5
30
Table ten (10) shows the extent of effectiveness of Pantawid Pamilyang
Pilipino Program objectives as perceived by the female parent respondents.
Improve preventive health care among pregnant women and young
children is first in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.71. With the
program there is improvement with regards to their health.
Increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school is
second with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.62. The population of the
children enrolled in school increased.
Encourage parents to invest in their children’s human capital through
investments in health and nutrition, education and participation in community
activities ranks third with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.58. According
to them they were encouraged to invest for the good of their children.
Reduce the incidence of child labor is fourth with an average weighted
mean (AWM) of 4.31. This implies that even the program was not yet
implemented in the place; the incidence of child labor was reduced because
parents send their children in school.
Last in rank is raise the average consumption rates in food expenditure of
poor households with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.22 which
corresponds to very much effective (VME). According to them there was no
change in the way they eat.
Table 11. Extent of attainment of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program conditionalities as perceived by the female parent respondents.
N = 45
4Ps Conditionalities VMA5
MA4
MdA3
LA2
NA1
AWM R
1.Pregnant women must get pre- and post-natal care, and be attended during childbirth by a skilled or trained health professional
34(170)
7(28)
3(9)
1(2)
0(0)
4.64 4
2.Parents or guardians
31
must attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers’ classes, and parent effectiveness seminars
31(155)
10(40)
4(12)
0(0)
0(0)
4.6 5
3.The children 0-5 years old must receive regular preventive health check - ups and vaccines
35(175)
8(32)
2(6)
0(0)
0(0)
4.73 3
4. The children aged 3-5 years old must attend day care or pre-school classes at least 85% of the time
36(180)
7(28)
2(6)
0(0)
0(0)
4.76 2
5.Children 6-14 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend at least 85%of the time
43(215)
1(4)
1(3)
0(0)
0(0)
4.93 1
Mean 4.73
Table eleven (11) shows the extent of attainment of the Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program conditionalities as perceived by the female parent
respondents.
Children 6-14 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend
at least 85% of the time. This indicator is rank (1) with an average weighted mean
(AWM) of 4.93. This implies that with the help of the program the children
attended their classes for at least 85% of the time.
The children aged 3-5 years old must attend day care or pre-school classes
at least 85% of the time. This indicator ranks second with an average weighted
mean (AWM) of 4.76. This reveals that the respondents supported and guided
their children in attending their classes.
The children 0-5 years old must receive regular preventive health check - ups and vaccines is third in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.73. The mothers should prioritize the health of their children.
32
Pregnant women must get pre- and post-natal care, and be attended during
childbirth by a skilled or trained health professional is fourth with an average
weighted mean (AWM) of 4.64. The result is VMA because pregnant women
visited health center and give birth at the health facility for the safety of the
mother and the child.
Parents or guardians must attend responsible parenthood sessions,
mothers’ classes, and parent effectiveness a seminar is rated very much attained
(VMA). According to them they attend Family Development Sessions so that
they will learn and improve their skills in responsible parenthood.
Table 12. Extent of utilization of cash grants as perceived by the female
parent respondents.
N = 45
Needs and Wants
A5
VO4
O3
S2
N1
AWM R
1.Food 36(180)
4(16)
5(15)
0(0)
0(0)
4.69 1
2.Medicines 7(35)
10(40)
16(48)
12(24)
0(0)
3.27 4
3.Water 13(65)
1(4)
2(6)
3(6)
26(26)
2.38 6
4.Clothes 14(70)
2(8)
3(9)
6(12)
20(20)
2.64 5
5.Transportations 1(5)
2(8)
12(36)
12(24)
6(6)
1.76 7
6.Shoes 1(5)
3(12)
3(9)
4(8)
34(34)
1.51 9
7.Sandals 0(0)
3(12)
4(12)
11(22)
27(27)
1.62 8
8.Slippers 8(40)
13(52)
15(45)
8(16)
1(1)
3.42 3
9.School supplies
32(160)
9(36)
1(3)
1(2)
2(2)
4.51 2
10.Toys 0(0)
3(12)
1(3)
7(14)
34(34)
1.4 11
11. Dolls 1(5)
3(12)
1(3)
7(14)
33(33)
1.49 10
33
Mean 2.61
Table twelve (12) shows the extent of utilization of cash grants as
perceived by the female parent respondents.
Food is the first in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 4.69.
This implies that the respondents spend the cash grant for their survival.
School supplies is the second in rank with an average weighted mean
(AWM) of 4.51. This indicates that most of the mothers are aware to the needs of
their children in school.
Slippers rank three with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 3.42.
According to them their children use slippers all the time and the school-home
distance is far so their slippers are easily worn out.
Medicines is fourth in rank having an average weighted mean (AWM) of
3.27. This reveals that the respondents should take good care of their health.
Clothes rank fifth with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 2.64.
Clothes play an important role in our life but according to some parents clothes
are given to them by their relatives; they buy clothes as uniforms in school.
Toys rank last among the eleven indicators. It has an average weighted
mean (AWM) of 1.4. Most of the respondents perceived that they don’t like to
utilize the cash grant for luxuries instead they used it for their basic needs and for
the education of the children.
Table 13. Level of seriousness of the factors that hinder the respondents to
attend the Family Development Sessions as perceived by the female parent
respondents.
N = 45
Factors VS5
QS4
MdS3
LS2
NS1
AWM R
1.Poor Vision 1(5)
6(24)
9(27)
6(12)
23(23)
2.02 2
2.Poor Hearing 1(5)
5(20)
7(21)
7(14)
25(25)
1.89 4
3.Too much
34
engagement of activities
6(30)
13(52)
4(12)
3(6)
19(19)
2.64 1
4.Sickly 2(10)
1(4)
6(18)
7(14)
29(29)
1.67 7
5.Insecurity 1(5)
3(12)
3(9)
10(20)
28(28)
1.64 8
6.Shyness 1(5)
4(16)
5(15)
5(10)
30(30)
1.69 5.5
7.Easily get bored 2(10)
1(4)
2(6)
7(14)
33(33)
1.49 9
8.Low intelligence 1(5)
2(8)
6(18)
9(18)
27(27)
1.69 5.5
9.Weather 2(10)
6(24)
7(21)
2(4)
28(28)
1.93 3
Mean 1.85
Table thirteen (13) shows the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder
the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions as perceived by the
female parent respondents.
Too much engagement of activities rank number one (1) with an average
weighted mean (AWM) of 2.64. According to them they have many tasks to do
like taking care of all the details of housekeeping but they found time to attend
Family Development Sessions.
Poor vision is second in rank having an average weighted mean (AWM) of
2.02. This indicates that few of the respondents have a problem on their sense of
sight.
Weather with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.93. This reveals that
the respondents cannot adapt themselves with the climate change.
Poor hearing is fourth with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.89.
This shows that with poor hearing the respondents cannot hear what the speaker is
talking about.
Shyness and low intelligence of indicators six (6) and eight (8) are both
not serious (NS) having an average weighted mean (AWM) of 1.69. According to
the respondents even though they are shy and have low intelligence these do not
hinder them to attend Family Development Sessions as required by the program.
35
Easily get bored is last in rank with an average weighted mean (AWM) of
1.49. This implies that the respondents are attentive and willing to participate
during trainings, seminars and meetings.
Table 14. Comparison on the extent of effectiveness of Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program objectives as perceived by respondents in Cuba,
Kapangan, Benguet.
N = 79
4Ps ObjectivesMale
Parents (34)
AWM
FemaleParents
(45)AWM
Overall(79)
AWM
D R
1.Improve preventive health care among pregnant women and young children
4.5 4.71 4.61 VME 2
2.Increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school
4.47 4.62 4.55 VME 3
3.Reduce the incidence of child labor
4.38 4.31 4.35 VME 4
4.Raise the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor households
4.03 4.28 4.16 VME 5
5.Encourage parents to invest in their children’s human capital through investments in health and nutrition, education and participation in community activities
4.65 4.58 4.62 VME 1
Overall Mean 4.41 4.5 4.46 VME
Table fourteen (14) presents the comparison on the extent of effectiveness
of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program objectives as perceived by respondents
in Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet.
This objective to: encourage parents to invest in their children’s human
capital through investments in health and nutrition, education and participation in
36
community activities is rank one with an overall average weighted mean of 4.62.
The respondents were encouraged to invest on human capital to break the
intergenerational cycle of poverty among poor household.
Improve preventive health care among pregnant women and young
children is rank second with an overall average weighted mean of 4.61 The
improvement of the health of pregnant women and young children are given
priorities of both respondents.
Increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school ranks
three (3) with an overall average weighted mean of 4.55. The enrollment and
attendance rate in school increased because both male and female parent
respondents implemented the objective as shown in their average weighted mean
(AWM) of 4.47 and 4.62 respectively.
Reduce the incidence of child labor ranks fourth with an overall average
weighted mean of 4.35. There is no child labor in the barangay unless the child
wants to work instead of going to school.
The 4Ps objective to: raise the average consumption rate in food
expenditure of poor households’ ranks fifth with an overall average weighted
mean of 4.16. There is not much change in food expenditure of every household.
Table 15. Comparison of the extent of attainment of the Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program conditionalities as perceived by the respondents.
N = 79
4Ps ConditionalitiesMale
Parents (34)
AWM
FemaleParents
(45)AWM
Overall(79)
AWM
D R
1.Pregnant women must get pre- and post-natal care, and be attended during childbirth by a skilled or trained health professional
4.62 4.64 4.63 VMA 5
2.Parents or guardians must attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers’ classes, and
4.68 4.6 4.64 VMA 4
37
parent effectiveness seminars
3.The children 0-5 years old must receive regular preventive health check - ups and vaccines
4.88 4.73 4.81 VMA 2
4. The children aged 3-5 years old must attend day care or pre-school classes at least 85% of the time
4.74 4.76 4.75 MdA 3
5.Children 6-14 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend at least 85%of the time
4.85 4.93 4.89 VMA 1
Overall Mean 4.75 4.73 4.74 VMA
Table fifteen (15) presents the comparison of the extent of attainment of
the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program conditionalities as perceived by the
respondents.
As perceived by the male and female respondents these conditionalities in
their overall averages weighted mean (AWM) and their rank order are: children 6-
14 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend at least 85% of the
time with an overall average weighted mean of 4.89, rank 1; The children 0-5
years old must receive regular preventive health check-ups and vaccines with an
overall average weighted mean of 4.81,rank 2; The children aged 3-5 years old
must attend day care or pre-school classes at least 85% of the time with an overall
average weighted mean of 4.75, rank 3; Parents or guardians must attend
responsible parenthood sessions, mothers’ classes, and parent effectiveness
seminars with an overall average weighted mean of 4.64, rank 4; and Pregnant
women must get pre- and post-natal care, and be attended during childbirth by a
skilled or trained health professional rank five (5) with an overall average
weighted mean of 4.63.
38
Table 16. Comparison of the extent of utilization of cash grants as
perceived by the respondents.
N = 79
Needs and WantsMale
Parents (34)AWM
FemaleParents (45)
AWM
Overall(79)
AWM
D R
1. Food 4.85 4.69 4.77 A 12. Medicines 3.56 3.27 3.42 VO 33. Water 2.24 2.38 2.31 S 64. Clothes 2.06 2.64 2.35 S 5
5. Transpor-tations
1.74 1.76 1.75 S 7
6. Shoes 1.44 1.51 1.48 N 97. Sandals 1.47 1.62 1.55 N 88. Slippers 2.94 3.42 3.18 O 49. School
supplies4.65 4.51 4.58 A 2
10. Toys 1.38 1.4 1.39 N 11 11. Dolls 1.41 1.49 1.45 N 10
Overall Mean 2.52 2.61 2.57 S
Table sixteen presents the comparison on the extent of utilization of cash
grants as perceived by the respondents.
First in rank is food with an overall average weighted mean of 4.77. The
money given to them was utilized to one of their basic needs which are given
importance by both parents.
Second in rank are school supplies with an overall average weighted mean
of 4.58. They utilize the cash grant for the school supplies meaning they realize
the importance of education which is also a basic need.
Medicines rank third with an overall average weighted mean of 3.42.
According to https://www.google.com.ph/5 medicine is considered a necessity to
all especially the children.
Slippers rank fourth with an overall average weighted mean of 3.18.
Slippers are essential for the protection of the feet from germs.
39
Clothes, water and transportations rank 5, 6, and 7 with an overall average
weighted mean of 2.35, 2.31 and 2.02 respectively. These are also necessities in
life. Water regulates body temperature and it is important to the mechanics of the
human body.
Sandals, shoes, dolls and toys rank 8, 9, 10 and 11 with an overall average
weighted mean of 1.55, 1.48, 1.39 and 1.28 respectively. The respondents
perceived that these may not be immediate necessities in life. Sandals and shoes
protect our feet from the external effects of weather as well as protect us against
other harmful substances.
According to http://one lovelivity.com/child of nature blog/6“A doll is an image of
a human being and is therefore the toy most suited to develop and enliven the
self-image in the growing child.”
Table 17. Comparison of the level of seriousness of the factors that hinder
the respondents to attend Family Development Sessions as perceived by the
respondents.
N = 79
FactorsMale
Parents (34)AWM
FemaleParents (45)
AWM
Overall(79)
AWM
D R
1. Poor Vision 1.94 2.02 1.98 LS 22. Poor Hearing 1.79 1.89 1.84 LS 43. Too much
Interview with Mr. Marlon B. Baso, Social Worker III
APPENDICES
52
APPENDIX ARepublic of the Philippines
Cordillera Administrative RegionBenguet Division
Gov. BadoDangwa Agro – Industrial SchoolBenguet State University Consurtium
Balakbak, Kapangan, Benguet
November 29, 2012
ORLANDO H. GORIOThe Barangay ChairmanCuba, Kapangan, Benguet
Sir:
I am a fourth year BSED student of Governor BadoDangwa Agro –
Industrial School Main and is conducting a research entitled, “PERCEPTIONS
OF PARENT-BENEFECIARES TOWARDS PANTAWID PAMILYANG
PILIPINO PROGRAM” (4Ps) IN CUBA, KAPANGAN, BENGUET,YEAR
2012-2013.This is in partial fulfillment for the course Professional Educational 34
(Educational Research 2).
In this connection, may I ask your permission to allow me to administer
my questionnaires to the 4P’s parents’ members of Cuba, Kapangan, Benguet.
Thank you very much. The identities of the respondents shall be kept
confidential.
Very truly yours,
RONALIZA B. VILLA
ResearcherNoted by: ISABEL A. AQUINO Subject Teacher Approved:
53
ORLANDO H. GORIO
Barangay Chairman
APPENDIX B
Republic of the PhilippinesCordillera Administrative Region
Benguet DivisionGov. BadoDangwa Agro – Industrial School
Benguet State University ConsurtiumBalakbak, Kapangan, Benguet
November 29, 2012
Dear respondents:
The undersigned is conducting a research survey entitled
“PERCEPTIONS OF PARENT-BENEFICIARIES TOWARDS
PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM” (4Ps) IN CUBA,
KAPANGAN, BENGUET,YEAR 2012-2013.
In this connection, she is earnestly requesting your cooperation and
assistance in the data gathering by filling up these questionnaires. Please answer
all questions honestly so that reliable results could be obtained. Rest assured that
your answer will be kept in strict confidence.
Your full and kind cooperation on this request is highly appreciated.
Thank you very much and God bless.
54
Very truly yours,
RONALIZA B. VILLA Researcher
APPENDIX CRepublic of the Philippines
Cordillera Administrative RegionBenguet Division
Gov. BadoDangwa Agro – Industrial SchoolIn ConsurtiumwithBenguet State University
Balakbak, Kapangan, Benguet
November 21, 2012
ALEX T. MENCIOThe Barangay ChairmanBalakbak, Kapangan, Benguet
Sir:
I am a fourth year BSED student of Governor BadoDangwa Agro –
Industrial School Main and is conducting a research entitled, “PERCEPTIONS
OF PARENT-BENEFECIARIES TOWARDS PANTAWID PAMILYANG
PILIPINO PROGRAM” (4Ps) IN CUBA, KAPANGAN, BENGUET,YEAR
2012-2013. This is in partial fulfillment of the subject Educational Research II.
In this connection, may I ask your permission to allow me to pilot my
questionnaires to test its reliability and validity to the 4Ps parent-beneficiaries of
Balakbak, Kapangan, Benguet.
It will be assured that the result of this study will be for research purposes
only.
Your favorable action regarding this matter is highly appreciated.
Very truly yours,
RONALIZA B. VILLA Researcher
Noted by: ISABEL A. AQUINO Subject Teacher
55
Approved:
ALEX T. MENCIO Barangay Chairman
APPENDIX DRepublic of the Philippines
Cordillera Administrative RegionBenguet Division
Gov. BadoDangwa Agro – Industrial SchoolBenguet State University Consurtium
Balakbak, Kapangan, Benguet
November 21, 2012
Dear respondents:
The undersigned is conducting a research survey entitled
“PERCEPTIONS OF PARENT-BENEFECIARIES TOWARDS
PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM” (4Ps) IN CUBA,
KAPANGAN, BENGUET, YEAR 2012-2013.
In this connection, she is earnestly requesting your cooperation to test the
reliability of my questions by filling up these questionnaires. Please answer all
questions honestly so that reliable results could be obtained. Rest assured that
your answer will be kept in strict confidence.
Your full and kind cooperation on this request is highly appreciated.
Thank you very much and God bless.
Very truly yours,
56
RONALIZA B. VILLA
Researcher
APPENDIX EThe Questionnaire
Personal Information:Name (Optional):______________ Gender: Male __ Female__
I. EXTENT OF EFFECTIVENESS OF PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
Direction: Below are list of 4Ps objectives. Kindly put a check mark () opposite the 4Ps objectives given whether it is rated as:
5 - Very Much Effective (VME)4 – Much Effective (ME)3 – Moderately Effective (MDE)2 – Slightly Effective (SE)1 - Not Effective (NE)
4Ps Objectives VME5
ME4
MDE3
SE2
NE1
1. Improve preventive health care among pregnant women and young children
2. Increase the enrollment in and attendance rate of children in school
3. Reduce the incidence of child labor
4. Raise the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor households
5. Encourage parents to invest in their children’s human capital through investments in health and nutrition, education and participation in community activities
57
II. EXTENT OF ATTAINMENT OF THE PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM CONDITIONALITIES
Direction: Below are list of 4Ps conditionalities. Kindly put a check mark () opposite the 4Ps conditionalities given whether it is rated as:
5 – Very Much Attained (VMA)4 – Much Attained (MA)3 – Moderately Attained (MDA)2 – Less Attained (LA)1 – Not Attained (NA)
4Ps Conditionalities VMA5
MA4
MDA3
LA2
NA1
1. Pregnant women must get pre- and post-natal care, and be attended during childbirth by a skilled or trained health professional
2. Parents or guardians must attend responsible parenthood sessions, mothers’ classes, and parent effectiveness seminars
3. The children 0-5 years old must receive regular preventive health check - ups and vaccines
4. The children aged 3-5 years old must attend day care or pre-school classes at least 85% of the time
5. Children 6-14 years old must enroll elementary or high school and attend at least 85%of the time
III. EXTENT OF UTILIZATION OF CASH GRANTS
Direction: Below are list of our needs and wants of the children. Kindly put a check mark () opposite of our needs and wants of the children given whether it is rated as:
IV. LEVEL OF SERIOUSNESS OF THE FACTORS THAT HINDERS THE RESPONDENTS TO ATTAIN SEMINARS/ MEETINGS
Direction: Below are list of factors that hinder the respondents to attend the Family Development Sessions. Kindly put a check mark () opposite of the factors given whether it is rated as:
5 - Very Serious (VS)4 - Quite Serious (QS)3 - Moderately Serious (MDS)2 – Less Serious (LS)
Factors VS5
QS4
MDS3
LS2
NS1
1. Poor Vision2. Poor Hearing3. Too much engagement of activities4. Sickly5. Insecurity6. Shyness7. Easily get bored8. Low intelligence9. Weather
1 – Not Serious (NS)
59
APPENDIX FSummary of Testing the Reliability of the Questionnaire