HISTORY OF SMI OF BUILDINGS OBJECTIVES PRACTICE Site Seismicity Building Geometry

INSTITUTE OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERINGINSTITUTE OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERINGAND ENGINEERING SEISMOLOGY (IZIIS)AND ENGINEERING SEISMOLOGY (IZIIS)

University “SS. Cyril and Methodius”University “SS. Cyril and Methodius”Skopje, Republic of MacedoniaSkopje, Republic of Macedonia

BUILDING DAMAGE ASSESMENT BASED BUILDING DAMAGE ASSESMENT BASED ON STRONGMOTION INSTRUMENTATIONON STRONGMOTION INSTRUMENTATION

bybyDr. DIMITAR JURUKOVSKIDr. DIMITAR JURUKOVSKI

University professorUniversity professor

Discussion presented onDiscussion presented on"Vulnerability of Buildings""Vulnerability of Buildings"

Workshop held March 03-065,2003Workshop held March 03-065,2003ISPRA, ItalyISPRA, Italy

Organized by Secretariat of Organized by Secretariat of EUR-OPA Major Hazard AgreementEUR-OPA Major Hazard Agreement

Council of EuropeCouncil of Europe

• HISTORY OF SMI OF BUILDINGSHISTORY OF SMI OF BUILDINGS

• OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

• PRACTICEPRACTICE

Site SeismicitySite Seismicity

Building GeometryBuilding Geometry

Soil ConditionsSoil Conditions

Structural SystemStructural System

Cost of InstrumentationCost of Instrumentation

• RILEM INITIATIVE FOR ESTABLISHING OFRILEM INITIATIVE FOR ESTABLISHING OF

• RILEM SLB-61 TECHNICAL COMMITTEERILEM SLB-61 TECHNICAL COMMITTEE

Fig. 1. Suggested schemefor soil structure interaction instrumentationfor frame structure

Fig. 2. Suggested scheme for for soil structure interaction

for shear wall structures

Fig. 3. Suggested instrumentation of moment resistant structure approximately square in the plan

Fig. 4. Suggested instrumentation of moment resistant rectangular in the plan

Fig. 5. Suggested instrumentation of a frame structure with shear walls or core

Fig. 5. Suggested instrumentation

of a frame structure withshear walls or core for

rectangular shape plan

Fig. 7. Suggested instrumentation of a shear wall or large panel structure approximately square in plan

Fig. 8. Suggested instrumentation of the roof on the shear wall or large panel structure

(a:b = 2:1 – 3:1 3 strong motion instruments)(a:b > 3:1 5 strong motion instruments)

DAMAGE ASSESMENT BASED ON DAMAGE ASSESMENT BASED ON STRONG MOTION RECORDSSTRONG MOTION RECORDS

• CAPACITY CURVES ESTIMATION FOR CAPACITY CURVES ESTIMATION FOR NON-LINEAR STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOURNON-LINEAR STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR

• SYSTEM INDENTIFICATION MODELINGSYSTEM INDENTIFICATION MODELING

• FUNDAMENTAL PERIOD ANALYSISFUNDAMENTAL PERIOD ANALYSIS

• WAVE PROPAGATION ANALYSISWAVE PROPAGATION ANALYSIS

UT/H (%)

UT/H (%)

Real earthquake response

Capacity curve

DUCTILITY curve

She

ar B

ase

(%)

Duc

tility

()

90-40; Y-Y (5) All

05

10152025303540

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

N S M E C

P[d=

ds]

Performance point

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Sd (cm )

P[d

>ds]

Estimation of Performance Point andEstimation of Performance Point andFragility of BuildingFragility of Building

Damage states N – NoneS – SlightM – ModerateE – ExtensiveC – Complete

Fragility curves Damage probability matrix

ANALYSIS OF STRONG MOTION DATAANALYSIS OF STRONG MOTION DATA

• DATA PROCESSINGDATA PROCESSING

• SYSTEM IDENTIFICATIONSYSTEM IDENTIFICATION

• DAMAGE DETECTIONDAMAGE DETECTION

SYSTEM IDENTIFICATIONSYSTEM IDENTIFICATION

TIME DOMAIN

FREQUENCY DOMAIN

WHAT WE KNOWWHAT WE KNOW

• StructureStructureStructural System and MaterialStructural System and Material

• Earthquake Input andEarthquake Input andEarthquake Response Earthquake Response at some levelsat some levels

STRUCTUR E

Health M onitoring

SYSTEM IDENTIFICATIONSYSTEM IDENTIFICATION

• SELECTION OF MATHEMATICAL MODELSELECTION OF MATHEMATICAL MODEL

• SELECTION POF VECTOR OF VARIABLESELECTION POF VECTOR OF VARIABLEPARAMETERS (Model parameters)PARAMETERS (Model parameters)

• EVALUATION OF MATCHING PROCEDUREEVALUATION OF MATCHING PROCEDUREFOR ADJUSTMENT OF MODEL'S RESPONSEFOR ADJUSTMENT OF MODEL'S RESPONSEAND RECODED RESPONSEAND RECODED RESPONSE

IDENTIFICATION OF MODEL PARAMETERSIDENTIFICATION OF MODEL PARAMETERS

• DETERMINISTIC APPROACHDETERMINISTIC APPROACH

• PROBABILISTICPROBABILISTIC

Maximum likelihood, orMaximum likelihood, or

Bayesian identificationBayesian identification

QUALITY OF IDENTIFICATION IS A FUNCTION OF QUALITY OF IDENTIFICATION IS A FUNCTION OF COMPLEXITY OF THE MODELCOMPLEXITY OF THE MODEL

SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION BASED ON SMRSYSTEM IDENTIFICATION BASED ON SMR

Location of SM I

m i P,M ,Q

N on-linearbeh aviour

M O D E LSLinearB i-linearTakedaR am ber O sgoodM in egato P in to

(1)

(2) MATHEMATICAL MODELINGMATHEMATICAL MODELING

SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION BASED ON SMRSYSTEM IDENTIFICATION BASED ON SMR

(3) VECTOR OF UNKNOWN VARIABLES (PARAMETERS)VECTOR OF UNKNOWN VARIABLES (PARAMETERS)

- Damping parameters

- Non-linear behaviour parameters

- Material properties

- Other parameters

1 2 3 4, , ,

1

2

3

4

SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION BASED ON SMRSYSTEM IDENTIFICATION BASED ON SMR

(4) CRITERION FUNCTIONCRITERION FUNCTION

td 2J x t x t dtr ct

(5) Selection the algorithm for minimizing of (4)Selection the algorithm for minimizing of (4) and calculation of vector { and calculation of vector {}}

(6) Calculation of the responses of the structures:Calculation of the responses of the structures:

x , x , x , x ,Shear Base

x Inter-story drift

SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION BASED ON SMRSYSTEM IDENTIFICATION BASED ON SMR

(7) Analysis of the DamageAnalysis of the Damage

Wave propagation

Inter-story drift

Shear Base

Overturning

Other techniques

By EC8By EC8

LEVEL I, simple and quick (time requirement for assessment LEVEL I, simple and quick (time requirement for assessment less than one hour per building), suitable for determining risk for a less than one hour per building), suitable for determining risk for a large number of buildings. Only general building data – such as the large number of buildings. Only general building data – such as the age and type of building – is taken into account at this levelage and type of building – is taken into account at this level

LEVEL II, detailed and more time-consuming (time LEVEL II, detailed and more time-consuming (time requirement for assessment in order of half a day per building). At requirement for assessment in order of half a day per building). At this level, a number of measurements of the building's properties this level, a number of measurements of the building's properties (e.g. natural frequencies, building height, cross-sections of the (e.g. natural frequencies, building height, cross-sections of the shear walls, etc.) may also be required.shear walls, etc.) may also be required.

LEVEL III, significantly more precise, but very time-consuming LEVEL III, significantly more precise, but very time-consuming (time requirement for assessment can run into several days or (time requirement for assessment can run into several days or weeks for each building). At this level, a precise analysis of the weeks for each building). At this level, a precise analysis of the load-bearing structure is carried out using all building data. All key load-bearing structure is carried out using all building data. All key geometric and mechanical building properties are determined and geometric and mechanical building properties are determined and included in the model.included in the model.

0

1

2

3

4

5

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Damage ratio %

Inte

r-st

ory

drift

By EC8By EC8

1

2

31 2

3

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 20 40 60 80 100

Damage ratio %

She

ar b

ase

%

1 2

3

Light

Moderate

Moderate

1

2

3

Light

Moderate

Moderate

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

TECHNOLOGY FOR DAMAGE ASSESSMENT TECHNOLOGY FOR DAMAGE ASSESSMENT BASED ON:BASED ON:

WAVE PROPAGATION PATTERN

SHEAR BASE RATIO

INTER-STORY DRIFT

INCREASING OF FUNDAMENTAL PERIOD

OVERTURNING

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

FOR RAPID ASSESSMENT A DATA BASE AND FOR RAPID ASSESSMENT A DATA BASE AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE SHOULD BE CREATED ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE SHOULD BE CREATED IN TERMS OF:IN TERMS OF:

TYPOLOGY OF STRUCTURE

DATA FOR ALL INSTRUMENTEDBUILDINGS

MONITORING AND TELEMETRIC SYSTEM

DATA BASE FOR EVALUATEDMATHEMATICAL MODELS FROM

SIMPLETO COMPLEX ONE

TECHNOLOGY FOR DAMAGEASSESSMENT

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

TO CONCENTRATE ON THE MOST VITALSYSTEMS: SCHOOLS, HOSPITALS, ANDOTHER VITAL PUBLIC SYSTEMS

TO MONITOR A CERTAIN NUMBER OF THISBUILDINGS IN A HIGH SEISMICITY REGIONWITH TELEMETRIC COMMUNICATION TO ARELEVANT CENTRES

TO EVALUATE CONCISTENT PROCEDUREFOR DAMAGE ASSESMENT, CREATION OFA DATA BASES AND DESSIMINATION