History of rome

Journal 2.1Journal 2.1

Ancient Rome & the Ancient Rome & the Rise of Christianity Rise of Christianity (509 BC – 476 AD)(509 BC – 476 AD)

Parallel Events Parallel Events (Greece vs. Rome)(Greece vs. Rome)

Ancient Greek EventsAncient Greek Events 490-479 BCE: Persian 490-479 BCE: Persian

WarsWars 460 BCE: Age of Pericles 460 BCE: Age of Pericles

in Athensin Athens 431 BCE: Peloponnesian 431 BCE: Peloponnesian

WarsWars 331 BCE: Alexander the 331 BCE: Alexander the

Great conquers Persian Great conquers Persian Empire: Hellenistic AgeEmpire: Hellenistic Age

133 BCE: end of Greek 133 BCE: end of Greek dominance in Med. worlddominance in Med. world

Ancient Rome EventsAncient Rome Events 509 BCE: Rome sets up 509 BCE: Rome sets up

a Republica Republic 450 BCE: 12 Tables of 450 BCE: 12 Tables of

LawLaw 270 BCE: Rome 270 BCE: Rome

controls most of Italian controls most of Italian peninsulapeninsula

264-146 BCE: Punic 264-146 BCE: Punic Wars vs. CarthageWars vs. Carthage

133 BCE: Roman power 133 BCE: Roman power extends from Spain to extends from Spain to EgyptEgypt

Section 1: The Roman Section 1: The Roman World Takes ShapeWorld Takes Shape

Rome began as a small Rome began as a small city-statecity-state (Palatine hill) located in the center of the (Palatine hill) located in the center of the Italian peninsulaItalian peninsula

Apennine mountains run the length of ItalyApennine mountains run the length of Italy Less rugged than Greek mountainsLess rugged than Greek mountains Italy much easier to unify --- no isolated Italy much easier to unify --- no isolated

city-statescity-states Most Romans settled in the westMost Romans settled in the west Fertile plains in the north below the AlpsFertile plains in the north below the Alps

Rome Takes ShapeRome Takes Shape

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Roman_Republic_Empire_map.gif

Early Roman PeopleEarly Roman People

LatinsLatins: ancestors of the Romans: ancestors of the Romans Herders and farmers: settled along the Tiber Herders and farmers: settled along the Tiber

River along the 7 hillsRiver along the 7 hills

EtruscansEtruscans: ruled central and northern Italy: ruled central and northern Italy Came from Asia Minor (Eastern Came from Asia Minor (Eastern

Mediterranean)Mediterranean) Romans borrowed Etruscan alphabet, arch Romans borrowed Etruscan alphabet, arch

and worshipped similar gods/goddessesand worshipped similar gods/goddesses

GreeksGreeks: settled in southern Italy/Sicily: settled in southern Italy/Sicily

The Roman RepublicThe Roman Republic Romans drove out Romans drove out

Etruscan rulers Etruscan rulers around 509 BCaround 509 BC

Set up a Set up a RepublicRepublic (govt. of the people)(govt. of the people)

SenateSenate: most : most powerful governing powerful governing body made up of 300 body made up of 300 patricians patricians ((landholding upper landholding upper class): served for lifeclass): served for life

Flash Video on Roman Republic: http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/worldhistory/romanrepublic/

SPQRSPQR

Senatus PPopulusopulusqque ue RRomanusomanus

("The Senate and People of Rome")("The Senate and People of Rome")

Roman Senate continued!Roman Senate continued!

2 2 consulsconsuls elected from the patrician elected from the patrician classclass

Job was to consult with the Senate, Job was to consult with the Senate, supervise business of the govt. and supervise business of the govt. and command the armiescommand the armies

Consuls served 1 year termConsuls served 1 year term In times of war: Senate chose a In times of war: Senate chose a

dictatordictator to rule for 6 months to rule for 6 months– Why do you think they did this?Why do you think they did this?

Plebeians Demand EqualityPlebeians Demand Equality

PlebeiansPlebeians (commoners): farmers, (commoners): farmers, merchants, artisans, tradersmerchants, artisans, traders

Made efforts to gain powerMade efforts to gain power 450 BCE: 450 BCE: 12 Tables of Law12 Tables of Law set up in the set up in the

Forum --- made it possible for plebeians to Forum --- made it possible for plebeians to appeal decision of a judgeappeal decision of a judge

Later gained right to elect Later gained right to elect tribunestribunes to to protect their interestsprotect their interests

Tribunes could Tribunes could vetoveto (block) laws that (block) laws that weren’t in the interest of the common weren’t in the interest of the common peoplepeople

The Fury of RomeThe Fury of Rome The ChristiansThe Christians

– Not initially persecuted, but…Not initially persecuted, but…– Became more and more distinct from JudaismBecame more and more distinct from Judaism

Why persecute Why persecute themthem??– Seen as a “novelty,” to which Romans were opposedSeen as a “novelty,” to which Romans were opposed– Christians met “secretly”Christians met “secretly”– They obstinately refused to worship the emperorThey obstinately refused to worship the emperor– Persecuted intermittently from the reign of Persecuted intermittently from the reign of NeroNero (r. (r.

54-68 CE) until 54-68 CE) until DiocletianDiocletian (r. 284-305 CE); thereafter (r. 284-305 CE); thereafter granted toleration by granted toleration by ConstantineConstantine the Great (r. 306- the Great (r. 306-37 CE)37 CE)

– Extra Credit – choose a Roman Emperor and write a Extra Credit – choose a Roman Emperor and write a brief biography (p. 164 for ideas) details on wiki…brief biography (p. 164 for ideas) details on wiki…

Roman SocietyRoman Society

FamilyFamily: basic unit : basic unit of societyof society

Male head of Male head of household (usually household (usually father) had father) had absolute powerabsolute power

Enforced disciplineEnforced discipline Demanded respectDemanded respect

WomenWomen: played : played larger role than Greek larger role than Greek womenwomen

Could run businesses, Could run businesses, attend baths, theater attend baths, theater and public and public entertainment – entertainment – supported arts and supported arts and public festivalspublic festivals

Most worked at home, Most worked at home, however!however!

EducationEducation

Girls and boys learned to read and writeGirls and boys learned to read and write Wealthy Romans hired private tutors (from Wealthy Romans hired private tutors (from

Greece) to supervise education of childrenGreece) to supervise education of children Rhetoric was important subject for boys Rhetoric was important subject for boys

who wanted to pursue political successwho wanted to pursue political success

Rhetoric = the art of using language to Rhetoric = the art of using language to communicate effectively and persuasivelycommunicate effectively and persuasively

ReligionReligion

Gods/goddesses resembled Greek and Gods/goddesses resembled Greek and Etruscan deitiesEtruscan deities

Statues and temples built throughout Statues and temples built throughout RomeRome

Festivals honored the deitiesFestivals honored the deities http://www.gwydir.demon.co.uk/jo/http://www.gwydir.demon.co.uk/jo/

roman/roman/ http://www.messagenet.com/myths/http://www.messagenet.com/myths/

names.htmlnames.html