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HISTORY OF INDUSTRIALETHANOL FERMENTATION
BIOTECH Fermentation Friends
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Ethanol Production
Bioethanol is basically
ethanol produced by
fermentation of glucose
and other sugars
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Ethanol Production
Synthetic ethanol is
produced from ethene via
acid-catalyzed hydration
C2H4(g) + H2O(g) CH3CH2OH(l)
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Pre-History
Ethanol has been used as
an ingredient in wines
dating back to Neolithic
times
Ever since, ethanol is being
used as additive in
beverages
Image source: http://www.historyofinformation.com
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Industrial Ethanol
1826
Engines were built to run on
ethanol and turpentine
1862 Massive tax on industrial
ethanol was done to raise
money for the Civil War
Gasoline became more
palatable as fuel
Image source: http://curbowfamily.files.wordpress.com
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Ethanol as Fuel
1908 Ford Model T
Ran on either pure ethanol or
pure gasoline or a mixture of
both
Image source: http://www.classicandperformancecar.com
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Ethanol as Fuel
1940-1970
From the start of World War
II, demand for gasoline has
been exceptional
Gasoline prices dropped
dramatically and made it
more viable compared to fuel
ethanol
Around this time, bioethanol
from sugarcane is becomingrampant in Brazil
Image source: http://www.deviantart.com
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Ethanol as Fuel
1970 onwards
Oil embargos, and higher oilprices made countriesreconsider using ethanol for
fuel Solar Energy Research,
Development, andDemonstration Act of 1974 inenacted. Increased researchon substrate use was done.
1976 Blending ethanol with gasoline
became mandatory in Brazil(varying from 10% to 25%ethanol)
Image source: http://www.oilnations.com/wp-content/uploads
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Ethanol as Fuel
1983
Genetic engineering of
fermenting microorganisms
were the subject of research
Late 1980s
Viability of cellulosic products
as substrates for ethanol
production has been
discovered
1992
Energy Policy Act mandated
car fleets to start buying
alternative fuel (E10 and E85)
Image source: http://www.caradvice.com.au
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Ethanol Production Today
US mainly operates under
E10 and gets raw materials
from corn
Brazil operates under E85
and gets raw materials
from sugarcane
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2006 Biofuels Act
Republic Act 9367
develop and utilize
indigenous renewable and
sustainably-sourced clean
energy sources to reducedependence on imported oil;
mitigate toxic and greenhouse
gas (GHG) emissions;
increase rural employment
and income; and
ensure the availability of
alternative and renewableclean energy without any
detriment to the natural
ecosystem, biodiversity and
food reserves of the country.
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Ethanol Production Today
On January 14,
2008, General
Motors announced a
partnership with Coskata,
Inc. The goal is to produce
cellulosic ethanol cheaply.
Advanced cellulosic
pretreatment methods
Pulsed-electric fieldpretreatment
Leyte Agricultural
Corporation opened the
first ethanol plant
dedicated to biofuels in the
Philippines in 2008.
Advanced enzymes and
microorganisms
Novel enzymes
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References
http://www.ethanolhistory.com
http://e85.whipnet.net/ethanol.history/
http://www.fuel-testers.com/ethanol_fuel_history.html
http://www.thebioenergysite.com/news/2055/etha
nol-plant-begins-operation-in-leyte