History of Higher Education Libraries

History of higher education libraries

Reported by: Rochel A. VillarBLIS- 3June 26, 2010

TermsAn academic library is a library which serves an institution of higher learning, such as a college or a university libraries in secondary and primary schools are called school libraries. These libraries serve two complementary purposes: to support the school's curriculum, and to support the research of the university faculty and students. The University Grants Committee was an advisory committee of the British government, which advised on the distribution of grant funding amongst the British universities. It was in existence from 1919 until 1989. Its functions have now largely been taken over by the higher education funding councils Provision- something provided; a measure or other means for meeting a need. Higher education refers to a level of education that is provided at academies, universities, colleges, vocational universities, community colleges, liberal arts colleges, institutes of technology and certain other collegiate-level institutions, such as vocational schools, trade schools, and career colleges, that award academic degrees or professional certifications.

Highlights in the history of books and libraries

People or periodApprox. datesKinds of librariesExamples of librariesAntiquitySumeriansBabyloniansAssyrians3600 BC626 BCTempleGovernmentPrivateRoyalTellohBorsipaNinevehEgyptians3000 BCTempleGovernmentPrivateGizehThebesGreeks (Crete)

Greeks2d millennium BC6th century BC- 146 BC

PrivateRoyalGovernment

Alexandrian libraryLibrary at PergamumAristotles libraryRomans173 BC- 476 ADPrivate, Government, Public, Christian, PaganUlpian Library

Middle Ages12th century- 15th century RenaissancePrivate, RoyalChurch, monastery, universityUniversity of ParisInvention of printing with movable types15th centuryPublic, Private, Government, Royal1500- 1900EuropeNational, Private, Public, University, RoyalVatican libraryOxfordCambridgeBritish MuseumBibliotheque NationaleAmerica1607- 1776College, University, Private, SubscriptionHarvard, Yale, William & MaryPrincetonAmerica18th and 19th centuryCollege, university, private, public, GovernmentLibrary of CongressBoston Public Library

America20th centuryAcademicSpecialPublicSchoolResearchPrivateGovernmentRare Book ArchivesNew York Public LibraryMajor university librariesMajor public libraries

Development of Academic librariesIn United KingdomIn the United States of AmericaIn the Philippines

Approx. dateEvents/ DevelopmentPerson responsible19th CenturyEstablishment of universities and their libraries20th CenturyLibraries continued to grow graduallyUGC published a report in 1921, which made one of the most supportive and appreciative statements about libraries1967Emergence of the Parry ReportMr. Thomas Parry1975Atkinson Report

1992Follet ReportSir Brian Follet1994Anderson ReportProf. Michael Anderson2001Establishment of the Research Support Libraries GroupSir Brian Follet2003Publishing of the Report of the Group2004Founding of the Research Libraries Network

19th CenturyEstablishment of mechanics institutessenior academic are the ones who perform the role of the librarianEdward Nicholson at the Bodleian, founder of the Library Association

20th CenturyThe UGC reports statementThe character and efficiency of a university may be gauged by its treatment of its central organ- the library. We regard the fullest provision for library maintenance as the primary and most vital need in the equipment of a university.

Parry ReportInfluenced by the new thinking about academic libraries which had been brought about by the creation of new universitiesThe library had been regarded as symbolic to the universities themselves, and was placed centrally on the campusRecognized that the libraries are expensive to build and maintain, and recommended that universities should devote a mminimum of around 6% of their revenue expenditure to the libraryIntroduced library cooperation

Atkinson ReportPropose the concept of a self- renewing libraryRecommended new space norms for librariesUrged greater cooperation and reliance on interlibrary loan

Follet ReportBackgroundTerms of reference:a. )the planned expansion of higher educationb. ) the current potential impact of IT on information provisionc. )the possibilities of greater cooperation and sharing of capital and recurrent resourcesRecommendations:a. ) the development of library buildingsb. ) a program of development to enable the exploitation of the potential of information technology

Evidencea. ) massive expansion of student numbersb. )very little funding available for capital building projectsc. )increase in cost which is far above the annual rate of general inflationd. )changes in teaching and learning methods in institutionsIncreasing proportions of mature and part- time students, who tended to make different demands on librariesModularization of degree coursesLearning methods which put more stress on student centered learningA decline in book purchasing by students

Recommendationsa.) information strategiesb.) library expenditurec.) performance indicatorsd.) staffing and staff managemente.) purchasingf.) quality assessment and quality auditg.) space and space managementh.) library cooperation in support of readingi.) library provisions and the needs of researchersj.) information technology

Academic libraries in the 1990s institutions were continuing to epand their student numbers and to compete for recognition of research excellenceIncreasing IT capabilities international collaboration was becoming more significantThe issue of lifelong learning also started to have an impact on academic libraries

Anderson reportthe report of this body stressed the need for all major libraries in UK to cooperate to ensure that researchers had adequate supportEstablishment of the Research Support Libraries Programme (RSLP)1. supporting access to major library holdings2. collaborative collection management projects3. research support for humanities and social science collections4. targeted retrospective conversion of catalogues

Research Libraries NetworkWould carry out a strategic planning and coordination role alongside the universities themselves, the British library and national libraries of Scotland and Wales

Development of Academic Libraries in the USA

Approx. datesEvent/ DevelopmentAmerican RevolutionMost books were imported from England1639- 1776Local presses produced about 60 books per year1776Increase in publications in America1804Catalog listed 1, 338 American publications in print

John Harvard donated approximately 300 of his books to Harvard University, and so he created the first academic library in the colony

19th Century

Early 1800sSerial publications gained in importanceHarvard and Yale were the first to establish endowments during this period1800- 1880Literary society flourished1841Harvard constructed the first freestanding library building1876Adoption of the Dewey Decimal Classification SystemJohn Hopkins University was established and faulty used the German seminar method for instruction instead of the recitation methodDepartmental libraries predominated

1873Charles Eliot, long time president of Harvard University, stated that the library is the heart of the university 1856- 1876Number of volumes in the collection at Harvard increased by an average of 63% per yearEmphasis was primarily on supporting the curriculum rather than researchHours are extended and services were improved

20th Century

By World War 1Most academic libraries have reference department1947Harvard opened the first library building dedicated to undergraduate services1906- 1941Carnegie Corporation of New York gave grant funding to 248 college libraries to develop book collections for undergraduate students and to 108 institutions for library buildingsUndergraduate libraries developed and became a measure of the quality of library collections, this authoritative guide to purchasing of books became known as the Shaw list

Development of Libraries in the PhilippinesThe Colonial Philippine Library Period (1565-1780)The first collections came with the Spanish missionaries. The earliest records speak of a private collection in 1583. It was owned by Bishop Domingo de Salazar and was probably the first of its kind in the islands. Other collections of an academic nature followed: those of the Augustinian Convent of San Pablo, the University of Santo Toms, and the College of San Ignacio. Printing was being introducedNeed and urgency made them use the xylographic method to produce the first printed book in the Philippines in 1593, the Doctrina Christiana

Philippine library developments during the 17th and 18th centuries had a common feature: the urgently felt need for books. Books from Europe seemed to have poured constantly into the Philippines, as attested to by news from different parts of the Philippine islands. Modest but Modern Philippine Library (1780-1898)The roots of the modern Philippine library may be traced to the so-called Age of Enlightenment, which seized and dominated European thought during the 18th century. he Sociedad Econmica was established in 1781 by Governor Jos de Basco y Vargas, and it engaged mostly in the free distribution of books. Although the libraries of the Sociedad did not yield any record of holdings until 1877, its creation signaled the beginning of a new era in Philippine library history: popular and public reading.

A culture of reading, created in the highest strata of Philippine society, motivated the collection of books in private libraries by Filipino scholars and heroes of the 1896 and 1898 Philippine War of the Independence. This passion for collecting books and the growing interest in library management carried over a library tradition to the 20th century: the scholarly library.

Libraries in religious schools and the new secular academic institutions had also grown in importance, pushed by political and ideological forces, but lacking in means and handled by non-professional library staff. The three seminaries of the Islands, the religious schools in Manila, and the new secular institutions, like the Escuela de Artes y Oficios, had libraries supporting their curriculum. The University of Santo Toms had a collection of 12,000 titles, the largest in the archipelago. The library's holdings reached 20,000 by the beginning of the 20th century.

Turnover in Philippine Modern Library (1898-1945)Opening of the American Circulating LibraryEstablishment of what we know today as librarianshipAmerican pioneers introduced modern library standards, while Filipinos contributed with their collections, scholarly support, and leadership. But the foundation of Philippine librarianship was forged by Lois Osborn, Mary Polk, and James Robertson in 1914, through the establishment of library courses in the University of the Philippines and the Philippine Normal School. The universe of the private sector comprised an expanding number of schools and universities, a few business libraries, private collections, and libraries in the houses of religious institutions. In 1941, there were 19 private colleges and universities.

Their libraries had grown from small collections, managed by working students and faculty, to comprehensive holdings, maintained by trained librarians and organized according to the new trends. University of Santo Toms-which started offering library courses in 1932; the Ateneo de Manila-praised as one of the best organized libraries in the Philippines; the College of San Beda and a few others

Modern Libraries for the Philippine Republic (from 1946 to Today)"The outbreak of World War II in the Philippines in December 1941 tolled the death-knell of almost all the rich depositories of Filipiniana materials in the country. government libraries, school libraries, and scholarly collections in religious houses, and in most of the private universities were also destroyed or looted. During this half-century, libraries in the Philippines had undergone re-establishment, organization, and modernization, three stages that provide a fitting division of our analysis into historical periods.

The books distributed among the public libraries did not suit the needs of readers, but the University of the Philippines obtained three large shipments of important publications through the University of Michigan and the University of Southern California at Los Angeles. Librarianship has been pushed throughIncrease in the growing body of library professionals resulted to establishments of library organizationsAutomation of library services

To solve the problem, the conference of 1952 proposed a plan for the improvement of library services outlined in a five-stage draft: (1) regular meetings; (2) cooperative organization and cataloguing; (3) the compilation of a union catalog and a union list; (4) the publication of a monthly listing of combined acquisitions; and (5) cooperation with other government agencies. The implementation of this plan was assigned to a new department, the Interdepartmental Reference Service (IDRS), which spearheaded the establishment of the Association of Special Libraries of the Philippines (ASLP) in 1954.

At the turn of the millennium, the collections and services of Philippine libraries reflect both the national identity and the country's level of technical development. Much still needs to be done. The enthusiasm of a few can change a country when their efforts are channeled into training, cooperation, and association. And a strong will is necessary when circumstances are most trying.

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History of Higher Education Libraries

Documents

university faculty

university grants committee

vocational universities

vocational schools

school libraries

british universities

level of education

termsan academic library