History of Government

History of GovernmentMr. McCaskill

Settled Communities

Advantages• Reliable food supply• Don’t have to move

all the time• Division of Labor -

Specialization

Disadvantages• Tied to the land• Problems caused by

invaders, floods, and fires

• Disease

• Despite the disadvantages, man settles down in communities

• Strongest had been leading

• Sons inherit father’s place

• People trust those members from family or tribe

Hammurabi’s Code

• First official set of laws was founded by king Hammurabi.

• People believed he was called on by god.• Nearly 4,000 years old (3,786 to be exact)• The Code consists of 282 laws, with

scaled punishments, adjusting "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth“.

•Monarchy – Rule by one

•Mostly Hereditary

•European Monarchies

•Evolution to Constitutional Monarchies

Other kinds of Government

• Pericles – founder of Democracy

• “Demos” = People

• “True Democracy”

• All “citizens” had a say

Democracy

Early Democracy

• Citizens were allowed to participate in government.

• However, to be a citizen you had to be:– Male– Landowner– Native born– Wealthy

• Women, slaves, and foreigners were excluded.

• Representative Democracy

• Studied older forms of government

• Electoral College

"A democracy is nothing more than mob rule, where fifty-one percent of the people may take away the rights of the other forty-nine."

Thomas Jefferson

•Republic of Rome

• In a republic, senators make decisions

• Representative of the population

• Citizens represented

REPUBLIC

Soviet Russian dictator Joseph Stalin was a terrible enemy of the Ukrainian nation. He killed seven million Ukrainians in the 1933 famine. During World War II he also probably killed millions but the statistic is unknown.

Communism

• Theory first developed by Karl Marx late 19th Century

• A society in which all property is publicly owned and each person is paid according to their abilities and needs.

• Different ways of practice, Soviet, Chinese, Cuban, Vietnamese, etc.

• No real social theory

• Ruler maintains control whatever the cost

• Return to ancient times

Dictatorship

Fascism

• A government marked by authority under a dictator

• Reduces opposition through terror and censorship

• Religion is a key instrument in government

• Claim rule by God

• Use laws to enforce religion