HISTORY OF FILM IN AMERICA PART I. EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE 1878 Beginning of the history of Film Stop Motion Photography Horse series.

HISTORY OF FILM IN AMERICA PART I

EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE

• 1878

• Beginning of the history of Film

• Stop Motion Photography

• Horse series

THOMAS EDISON

NEWARK ATHLETE (1891)

FAMOUS SNEEZE (1894)

ANNABELLE MOORE (1895)

WHAT HAPPENED ON 23rd STREET (1901)

THOMAS EDISON

• First production studio:Black Maria

• Inventor of the Kinetoscope

LUMIERE BROTHERS(Auguste & Louis)

• Made their own projector

• First public projection of films December 28, 1895

• Invented film camera called Cinematographe

A M E R C A

THOMAS EDISON

• Patents Vitascope

• MPPC(Motion Picture Patents Company)

Trip to the Moon (1902)

Georges Méliès

A M E R C A

Edwin S. Porter• First prominent American

filmmaker

• Great Train Robbery (1903)

1905

1908MPPC

NEW YORK

LOS ANGLES

THE SHIFT FROM EAST TO WEST

THE SHIFT FROM EAST TO WEST1912

1) Escape the MPPC (Edison’s trust)

2) More favorable climate

3) Variety of landscapes

4) Cheap land

D.W. Griffith

• First full length feature film

• Birth of a Nation (1915)

NEW YORK

LOS ANGLES

THE SHIFT FROM EAST TO WEST

THE SHIFT FROM EAST TO WEST1912

1) Escape the MPPC (Edison’s trust)

2) More favorable climate

3) Variety of landscapes

4) Cheap land

THE RISE OF THE STUDIOS• Between 1912 and 1920 all major studios are

created.

• United Artists• Charlie Griffith and Charlie Chaplin

• Warner Brothers• Paramount• Fox Films• Metro Goldwyn Mayer (MGM)• Columbia• RKO

THE RISE OF THE STUDIOS

EXCEPTIONS

1917 MPPC

1915: Man Commits Robbery

1921: A.T. POFFENBERGER

MOTION PICTURES

ANDCRIME

MPPDA 1922Motion Picture Producers & Distributors

What Caused It’s Creation:

1) 1915 court case of “movies made do it”

2) 1921 Dr. A.T. Poffenberger’s Motion Pictures & Crime

3) Fear of Government Control

MPPDA 1922Motion Picture Producers & Distributors

Purpose:

1) Keep the Government out of Hollywood

2) Represent American Film abroad

Erich von Stroheim

Irving Thalberg

VS

• First Super-Jewel

• First million dollar movie

• Made in 1922 by Universal

• Erich von Stroheim vs. Irving Thalberg

• Directorial excess

Erich von Stroheim

• Director/Actor/Editor

• Foolish Wives (1922)

• First million dollar budget

Irving Thalberg• Producer / Re-editor

• Foolish Wives (1922)

• Super-Jewel

• Brought about the current Hollywood model of pre-production.

• End of directorial excess

Irving Thalberg• After Foolish Wives left for

MGM.

• Purpose of movies it to make money

• Business needs to Control: pre-production

productionpost-production

MGM & Irving Thalberg

WB’s Problems:

• Only had small theaters• Wanted to help in small towns• Bottom of the major studios

WB partners with GE

The Jazz Singer (1927) WB

• WB partners with GE

• Sound-on-disc

• First ‘sound’ movie

IMPACTS OF SOUND• Audiences want audio

• Silent actors out of work

• Camera filmed from inside a booth so voices could be recorded by a stationary microphone

• Dialogue based scripts

• Foreign countries film industries hurt

Sound On Disc“double system”

Sound On Film“single system”

SOUND VOCABULARY:

• Rendered Sound• False or made up sound

• Conceptual Resonance• You see films differently based on the sound

• Diegetic Sound• Sound where the source is part of the scene

• Non-Diegetic Sound• Sound where the source is not part of the scene

1895 movies begin

1927 sound enters

32 years of silence

1927 Academy Awards

Stock Market CrashOctober 1929

Great Depression