1 History of Computer Art Part V: Computer Animation Seminar, 28 nd April 2014 Danube University Krems Department for Arts and Image Science MediaArtHistories: Masters of Art Thomas Dreher URL: http://dreher.netzliteratur.net URL: http://iasl.uni-muenchen.de/links/GCA_Index e.html
Illustrations of the "History of Computer Art", chap. IV.2.1.1-IV.2.1.4.1, URL: http://iasl.uni-muenchen.de/links/GCA-IV.2e.html
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History of Computer Art
Part V: Computer AnimationSeminar, 28nd April 2014Danube University Krems
Department for Arts and Image ScienceMediaArtHistories: Masters of Art
Left: Zajac, Edward E.: Gyro gravity gradient attitude control system, film, 1963. Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill/New Jersey. Screenshot from URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8Rbl7JG4Ng
Right: Morash, Russell: [Ivan Edward Sutherland´s] Computer Sketchpad. National Educational Television. Filmed by WGBH-TV, Boston. Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Lincoln Laboratory. Lexington/Massachusetts 1964.Screenshots from URL:
Pioneers (II)Fetter, William Allan/Boeing Aircraft Company:
Above: Fifty Percentile Human Figures Related to Cockpit.
Below: Twenty-Element Figure Placed in Cockpit Geometry.
Photo reproductions of plotter drawings representing humans in cockpits, between 1966 and 1969. Collection Clarissa, Sprengel Museum Hannover (Piehler: Anfänge 2002, p.315s., unpaginated with ill. 84,86).
General Motors Research Laboratories: DAC-1,
development of a boot lid, between 1965 and 1967.
Right, above: Graphics console with electronic pen.
Right, below: Printout. Stills from a film by GM Photographic.Screenshots from URL:
Left: Noll, A. Michael: Hypercube, film, 1965. Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill/New Jersey. Two stills (among themselves) of the film presenting a turning four-dimensional hypercube with two views (horizontally next to each other) for stereoscopes.
Screenshot from URL: http://dada.compart-bremen.de/item/artwork/385#/media-tab
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Right: VanDerBeek, Stan/Knowlton, Kenneth C.: Poem Field No.2, film, 1966.
Screenshots from URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=BMaWOp3_G4A
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Animated Drawings, 1967-68
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Left: Csuri, Charles: Hummingbird, film, 1967.
Screenshot from URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=awvQp1TdBqc
Right, above: Computer Technique Group (CTG): Running Cola is Africa, plotter drawing, 1967/68. Collection Computer Arts Society, London. Image source: URL: http://computer-arts-society.com/static/cas/cache/CAS0012.HTM
From the object to the wire-frame and polygon model with smoothed planes (Sutherland/Sproull/Schumacker: Characterization 1974, p.5, fig.2c-f).
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Henri Gouraud´s Continuous Shading, 1971
Polygon A-B-C-D and the "Scan line" E-P-F built by the lines of the electron beam in a cathode ray tube E-P-F (Gouraud: Shading 1971, p.91, fig.5).
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(Parke: Animation 1972, p.452, fig.1).
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A Melitta teapot ("Utah teapot") from 1974 became a model for computer animations.
Left: Three examples for texture mapping (Blinn/Newell: Texture 1976, p.544, fig.2-5).
Right: Martin E. Newell´s measurement of the Melitta teapot on squared paper. Computer History Museum, Mountain View/California. Image Source: URL: http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/computer-graphics-music-and-art/15/206
Utah Teapot and Texture Mapping
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Computer Animation in Movies (I)
Left: Catmull, Edwin Earl/Parke, Frederick I.: Halftone Animation, film, 1972.
Screenshots from URL: http://vimeo.com/16292363
Right: Crichton, Michael: Westworld, film, 1973, stills from Gunslinger´s perception. Screenshots from URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJHa7nHoBLc
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Computer Animation in Movies (II)
Left: Heffron, Richard T.: Futureworld, film, 1976.
Screenshots from URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ybVoFwmb70s
Right: Lucas, George: Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope, film, 1977 (scene with the projection of the Empire´s station "Death Star" and its production with GRASS, explained by Larry Cuba).
Crichton, Michael: Looker, film, 1981. Scene with a scan of a fashion model´s body.
Screenshots from URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yGFRI0NUSqs
Meyer, Nicolas: Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, film, 1982. Genesis demo. Screenshot from URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=UJTi7KJPx_E
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Computer Animation in Movies (V)
Sims, Karl: Particle Dreams, film, 1988.
Screenshots from URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwDvna0q3rA
Bibliography with informations about the abbreviations used in the captions:Dreher, Thomas: History of Computer Art. Chap. Bibliography. In: URL: http://iasl.uni-muenchen.de/links/GCA-IXe.html