What is Cognitive Psychology? • Broad Definition –empirical investigation of mental events and knowledge involved in recognizing an object, remembering a name, having an idea, understanding a sentence, and solving a problem • Specific Definition - the empirical investigation of mental processes and activities used in perceiving, remembering, and thinking, and the act of using those processes.
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What is Cognitive Psychology?
• Broad Definition –empirical investigation of mental events and knowledge involved in recognizing an object, remembering a name, having an idea, understanding a sentence, and solving a problem
• Specific Definition - the empirical investigation of mental processes and activities used in perceiving, remembering, and thinking, and the act of using those processes.
• “Fii atent!” – Concept: Atenția– modul cum filtrăm și selecționăm informațiile
semnificative și importante din mediul înconjurător;
• “Nu știu.”– Concept: Cunoștințe -- stocarea informațiilor generale și a
algoritmilor pentru rezolvarea sarcinilor;
• “Nu-mi amintesc.”– Concept: Memoria– ărocesul de stocare, păstrare și reactualizare
a informațiilor;
• “Nu mă pot decide.”– Concept: Luarea deciziilor – un set de procese complexe ce
conlucrează pentru funcționarea de zi cu zi;
Istoria psihologiei cognitive
• Istoria timpurie – origini filosofice– Socrate – interesat de originea cunoașterii;
– Aristotel– interesat în originea cunoașteriiși a memoriei;
• Propune prima teorie a memoriei
– Descartes – cum sunt reprezentate mental cunoștințele
Istoria psihologiei cognitive
• Istorie recentă– rădăcinile psihologice– Wilhelm Wundt (1879)
• Primul laborator de psihologie experimentală în Leipzig;
– Fondatorul psihologiei ca știință de sine stătătoare;
– Multi din psihologii din acea vreme au fost școliți în laboratorul lui Wundt
» Peste 200 de psihologi și-au luat doctoratul
• Subiect: cunoașterea umană– Utlizează introspecția pentru a descrie conținuturile
conștientului;
Istoria psihologiei cognitive
– Edward Titchner• Studentului lui Wundt, taught at Cornell University
in 1892– Proponent of introspection– Narrow view of psychology
» Excluded mental illness, education apps., and social psych, b/c not open to introspection
» Note: Method defined what was allowable science– Founder of Structuralism
» Study of: Sensations, images, and feelings that were elements of the mind
– Often argued with Wundt over findings
History of
– Herman von Ebbinghaus• Contemporary of Wundt in GE
– Big influence on cognitive psych.
– Developed method for studying forgetting as function of time
» Stimuli: lists of Consonant-Vowel-Consonant’s (CVC’s)
» Method: Learn list of CVC’s, count number of trials to recall perfectly Wait 2 days re-learn list.
» Savings score = # of trials to learn the 1st time - # of trials to learn 2nd time
– One subject entire career – himself
– Learned over 40,000 CVC’s
History of
– William James• Wundt’s student, hired at Harvard
– Philosopher, but started first American psych. lab
• Proposed Functionalism– Stressed the functions over the mind rather than contents
» How does mind adapt to new circumstances?» Proposed multicomponent memory system: Primary
Memory vs. Secondary memory– Authored: Principles of Psychology, chapters on