History of C++ Programming Language

8/10/2019 History of C++ Programming Language

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History Of C++

Instructor:

Engr. Mariam Shafqat


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Programming language

It is a language that is used to control thebehavior of a machine particularlycomputer.

It is used to facilitate communication abouttask of organizing and manipulatinginformation

It is used to express algorithms precisely


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Why programming is important??

Critical reading :Understanding + analysis Analytical reading: Step-by-Step

procedures to break complex problem intosmall steps

Creative synthesis: Think about all thepossibilities


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Pay attention to details

Pay attention to all the aspects Pay attention to all the calculations

involved in program, their flow, and mostimportantly the logic of program

Understand the fact the computers areuseless

Dont assume that reader is intelligent Comment your code


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Model of a complex system

Model: Simplified representation of salientfeatures of something, either tangible orabstract

System: Collection of components thatwork closely together

Syntax: Grammatical rules for forming

instructions Semantics: Meaning/ interpretation ofinstructions.


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Instruction written by programmer

Coded in a specific programminglanguage

Programming language allow you toexpress yourself more precisely thannatural language

Source code:: All instructions that compute aprogram is called source code

e.g. library catalog, ATM, video game.


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Algorithm

Set of instructions used to specify how tosolve a problem


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Syntax

Set of rules that govern the structure ofsentences, instructions


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Types of languages

Typed language: If operation defined forone data type cant be performed onanother data type

Un-typed language: Allow any operationto be performed on any data type e.g.assembly language.


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Introduction

C++ is General purpose programminglanguage

Mid level language: Combination of bothhigh level language and low levellanguage


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High level language

It is a programming language that in comparisonto high level language is more compact,abstract, easier to use and portable to mostplatforms

They normally abstract away cpu operations likememory access models and measurement ofscope

It can easily implement algorithms High level language is converted to assembly bycompiler


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Low level language It does not provide any sort of abstraction from a

computers microprocessor First generation low level language: It was only

understood by microprocessor; it requiresnumerous numeric codes for writing a singleinstruction

Second generation low level language :e.g. Assembly language. It is not a microprocessors

native language.But programmer still need tounderstand internal architecture ofmicroprocessor such as registers andinstructions e.g. cmp edx,3


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Why functions?

It is a way to make programs morecomprehensive

Each function has a clearly definedpurpose and a clearly defined interface toother parts of program

Module: Grouping of a number of functionstogether


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Structured programming

Division of a program into functions andreconstruction in the form of modules isstructured programming


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Data

In procedural language data is givensecond class status But in object orientedprogramming data is given first classstatus

Global data: The one that is acessible toall the functions

Local Data: the one that is accessible onlyto its own confined block


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Object oriented programming

Combine data and functions into a singleunit that operate on that data; such a unitis called an object

Object functions: Provide only way toaccess its data; if you want to read a dataitem you only need to access its function;


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Contd

C++ typically consists of a number ofobjects which communicate with eachother through its functions


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Properties of object orientedprogramming

Abstraction Inheritence

Encapsulation polymorphism


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Inheritence

Each subclass share a common set ofcharacteristics from its parent class. Inaddition to common characteristics theyhave their own characteristics as well

OOP class can be divided into subclasses.Original class is called parent class andthose that share common characteristicsare called subclass.


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Class

Serve as template of a new data type . Itspecifies what data and functions will beincluded in objects of that class. Definingclass dont create ay object . Similar tointeger dont create any integer variable.


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Borland C++ Turbo C++

Compilers


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Integrated developmentenvironment

Put all the tools that you need to developprogram into a single unit


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Borland C++

It is used to create program in windowsenvironment

It is a special kind of windows programthat acts like a DOS program ; it runsunder windows but acts like a DOSprogram

History of C++ Programming Language

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