History Grade 10 Notebox Exam Notes (2)

7/29/2019 History Grade 10 Notebox Exam Notes (2)

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[History10][ExamNotes]


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TableofContents

WorldWarOne........................................................................................................................4 Causes...................................................................................................................................................4LongTerm..........................................................................................................................................................4

Battles...................................................................................................................................................5SecondBattleofYpres.......... ......... .......... .......... ......... .......... ......... .......... .......... ......... .......... ......... .......... ......5BattleoftheSomme(July1,1916)..........................................................................................................5 BattleofVimyRidge(April9,1917)......................................................................................................5 BattleofPasschendaele................................................................................................................................5 Canadas100Days..........................................................................................................................................6

CanadasResponseontheHomeFront.....................................................................................6FinancingtheWar...........................................................................................................................................6 Propaganda........................................................................................................................................................6WomensChangingRoles.............................................................................................................................6 WarMeasuresAct...........................................................................................................................................7Conscription......................................................................................................................................................7MilitaryServiceAct,1917......... .......... ......... .......... .......... ......... .......... ......... .......... .......... ......... .......... .........7MilitaryVotersAct,1917.............................................................................................................................7

HalifaxExplosion..............................................................................................................................7LifeinTrenches.................................................................................................................................7

1920sand1930s.....................................................................................................................8 Prohibition..........................................................................................................................................8PersonsCase1927-1929...............................................................................................................9ResidentialSchools..........................................................................................................................9MackenzieKingandhisGovernment.........................................................................................9CanadasGrowingAutonomy........................................................................................................9

1930s.........................................................................................................................................10

CausesofGreatDepression........................................................................................................10Timeline............................................................................................................................................10ResponsetoGreatDepression...................................................................................................11Unions................................................................................................................................................11ReliefCampsOn-to-OttawaTrek...........................................................................................11

WW2..........................................................................................................................................12 Allies...................................................................................................................................................12Axis......................................................................................................................................................12Neutral...............................................................................................................................................12WhyWorldWar2aTotalWar...................................................................................................13Timeline............................................................................................................................................13SummaryofWar.............................................................................................................................13Stage119391941AxisVictories................................................................................................13

Stage21942 1944TheTideTurns..................................................................................14Stage319331945TheAlliedVictory.......... ......... .......... .......... ......... .......... .......... ......... .......... .14

PolicyofAppeasement.................................................................................................................14Anschluss..........................................................................................................................................14HitlersPactwithRussia..............................................................................................................15Battles................................................................................................................................................15HitlerTurnsonRussia...............................................................................................................................15


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BattleofDunkirk..........................................................................................................................................15DisasteratDieppe........................................................................................................................................15D-Day.................................................................................................................................................................15HongKong.......................................................................................................................................................16BattleuptheBoot......... .......... ......... .......... .......... ......... .......... ......... .......... .......... ......... .......... ......... .......... ...16

InternmentCamps.........................................................................................................................16WomansroleinMilitary.............................................................................................................16Holocaust..........................................................................................................................................16FinalSolution..................................................................................................................................17NuclearHiroshimaandNagasaki..........................................................................................17

PostWar...................................................................................................................................17 PierreTrudeau...............................................................................................................................17LesterB.Pearson............................................................................................................................17BrianMulroney...............................................................................................................................18ColdWar............................................................................................................................................18SuezCrisis.........................................................................................................................................18QuebecSovereignty.......................................................................................................................18

OctoberCrisis..................................................................................................................................19JohnDiefenbaker...........................................................................................................................19InternationalSecurityCanadasParticipation..................................................................19NORADNorthAmericanAerospaceDefenceCommand.........................................................20NATONorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization.......... .......... ......... .......... ......... .......... .......... ......... ........20CanadaintheUN..........................................................................................................................................20Commonwealth.............................................................................................................................................20DARTTheCanadianForcesDisasterAssistanceResponseTeam.......................................20

CanadainUNPeacekeeping.......................................................................................................20NewFlag............................................................................................................................................21AboriginalsinCanada...................................................................................................................21


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WorldWarOne

Causes

LongTerm

Imperialismo GreatBritain:hadmanycolonies,wantedmoreo France:hadveryfewcolonies,wantedtoachievemajorpowero Germany:hadfewAfricancolonies,feltneedtoexpandandshow

powero Austria-Hungary:lastofoldempire,nocolonieso Russia:failedtosieveterritoryfromJapan,causedthemtobeeasily

provokedandangry

Militarismo GreatBritain:StrongestNavy(notlargest)o France:Largepopulationwithproudmilitary,leaderscorrupt,out-

datedequipment,weakNavyo Germany:lotsoffundingtomilitaryandtechnologydevelopment,

believedinuseofplanes,notafraidtostartwarso Austria-Hungary:weak,onlyfoughtsmallcountries,lacksconfidenceo Russia:largearmyhoweverlargecountryhardtoprotect,canonly

winwhennotdefending

Nationalismo GreatBritain:KingGeorgeIVruledcountrywithelectedgovernment,

believedtheywerethemostcivilizednationo France:Napoleoncontrolledwholecontinent,powerfadedFrance

losttoPrussiainFranco-Prussianwaro Germany:youngbutstrongcountry,desiredtoprovestrengthinwaro Austria-Hungary:tense/politicallydivided,proudandzealouso Russia:feltalienated,wantedtoprovesomething,largepopulation

andcountrymadethemfeelinvincible

Allianceso GreatBritain:strongtieswithGermany,risingpowerinGermany

meansBritainwaslikelytobecomeallieswithenemiesofGermanyo France:hardtimemakingallies,lookingforanybodyagainst

Germanyo Germany:AlliedwithItalyandAustro-HungarianEmpire,attempted

tokeepalliancesasecret,howeverthoughtofitasanotherwaytoproveitsstrength

o Austria-Hungary:avoidsconflictswithlargercountries,allywithGermany

o Russia:readytomakealliancewithanycountryagainstGermanybecauseitalienatedtheminEurope


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Battles

SecondBattleofYpres

Germansbeganusingchlorinegaso Troopsstartedusinggasmore,howeverineffectiveduetowindthat

pushedgasbackontothem

Canadacameasreinforcements,weresuccessfulinpushingGermansoutofYpres

6000Casualties

BattleoftheSomme(July1,1916)

AlliedartillerybombardedGermanline(45kmfront)beforethebattlebegan BritishCommanderwantedtodestroyGermantrenchesandbarbedwire

planfailedo ThereforewhenNewfoundlandregimentattackedBeaumont-Hamel,

theyfailedterriblyduetointactbarbedwireandGermansreadywithmachineguns

Alliedforcessuffered60000casualtiesonfirstattack,howeverHaig(BritishCommander)orderedanotherattack.

Alliessuffered650000casualtiestotal

BattleofVimyRidge(April9,1917)

Firsttime4Canadiandivisionsfoughtasone AllieslearnedfromBattleoftheSomme SoldiersshownmapsandaerialphotosofGermanlocations Tunnelswerebuilttomovetroopshalfwaywithoutdetection Machinegunscarriedbehindfirstwavetoholdcapturedpositions VictorygaveAlliesnewhope,gaveCanadamorecreditasapowerfuland

smartforce

BattleofPasschendaele

SymbolizespointlessnessofWW1forhistorians CanadiansorderedtotakePasschendaeleRidgeo ScoutssendreporttoGermans

Neithersidemadeprogressduetowetconditions 15000Canadiansdeadandwounded


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Canadas100Days

August8,1918toNovember11,1918 AlliedforcespushbackGermanline GermanyandAlliesdeclaredarmistice(truce)onNovember11,1918

ParisPeaceConference IncludedFrance,Britain,andtheUSA Canadawasallowedtosenddelegates,howeverhadnorealsayin

discussions ResultwasTreatyofVersailles

o Germanylostallofitscolonieso Newnationscreated:

Yugoslavia,Czechoslovakia,Finland,Latvia,Estonia,andLithuania

o MonetaryCompensation:Germanyrequiredtopayback$33Milliono Germanynotallowedtobuildbattleshipsover10,000tonsorany

othertanks,airplanes,andpoisongaso GermanyforcedtoacceptblameforstartingWar

CanadasResponseontheHomeFront

FinancingtheWar

Warcostalmost$1millionaday Governmentsoldvictorybonds

o Raisemoneyforwar,bondholderspromisedthatatendoffixedterm,theywillgettheirmoneybackwithinterest

o Firstsellingofbondsraised$100+Million IncomeTax1917

o GovernmenttookportionofCanadianmoneyearnedo Supposedtobetemporary,howevergovernmentdidntstop

Propaganda

Shapingpeoplebeliefsinanefforttoachieveacertaingoal Posterspromotedpatriotism,andencouragedpeopletojointhewar

o Alsopromotedhatredofenemy(Germany)WomensChangingRoles

Womenstartedtakingonjobsthatmenwoulddo(Farming,labour,andrunningbusinesses)

o Womenworkedforlessthanhalfofwhatmenearnedforthesamepositions

Womenwereonlyallowedtovotestarting(1917provincial)


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WarMeasuresAct

Gavegovernmentunlimitedpowerextendedtopolice(couldarrestanddetainwithoutcauseandwithouttrial)

EnemyAlienso Immigrantswhosebackgroundisfromenemynationswere

forcedtobearrestedandhadlessrightsmadetoworkhardlabour

Conscription

Lawrequiringallablebodiedmetoenlistinarmy

MilitaryServiceAct,1917

PushedbyPrimeMinisterRobertBorden VolunteersforwarweredownandBritainwasaskingformoresupport Wouldallowgovernmenttotakeanynecessaryactionswithoutavoteattheirdiscretion MainIssueQuebecopposedtheidea

o FrenchCanadiansfelttheywouldlosetheirrights

MilitaryVotersAct,1917

Allmembersofmilitaryhadrighttovoteoverseas,femalerelativesofmeninmilitarycouldalsovote

Aboriginalwoman,enemyaliens,andpeopleopposedtothewarcouldntvote

PrimeMinisterRobertBordenExemptedFarmerssonsfromconscription Mostwomancouldvoteby1918

HalifaxExplosion

December6,1917 FrenchmunitionsshipcollidedwithBelgianandcaughtfire Largestnon-atomicexplosioninhistory 1600killed,9000injured PeoplefeareditmayberesultofGermanattackortheworkofspies

LifeinTrenches

Miserableanddangerous Soldiersenduredcold,heat,orconstantrainandmud Uniformswerefilthyandinfestedwithlice


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Ratseverywhere Diseasessuchastrenchfoot-rottedthefleshofthefeet,causedbystanding

inmudandwater,footandlegmightneedtobeamputated

Mightbesurpriseraidorall-outattackatanytime Troopswerenotsafebetweenbattles Sniperstriedtoshootenemysoldiers Armytriedtolobshellsandgrenadesintootherstrenches

1920sand1930sAssimilation:Theideathatminoritygroupsshouldbeforcedtoadoptthevalues,

beliefs,customs,andlanguagesofthemajorityculture.Tariffs:DutyortaximposedbyagovernmentonimportsandorexportsRumRunner:Apersonwhosmuggledalcoholinthe1920sand1930sBootlegger:SomeonewhomakesorsellsillegalliquorTeetotaler:someonewhodoesnotconsumealcoholSpeakeasy:illicitliquorstoreornightclub

Inflation:AconstantincreaseinthepriceofconsumergoodsthatusuallydecreasesthepurchasingpowerofmoneySuffrage:campaignfortherighttovote

Prohibition

Lawsagainstmakingandsellingliquoro CreatedbecauseAlcoholwascausingsocialproblems:poverty,crime,

familyviolenceetc.o Whenmenstoppedspendingmoneyonalcohol,theycanfocuson

theirfamilieso InstatedundertheWarMeasuresAct

CanadawasabletosellalcoholtotheUSA WomensChristianTemperanceUnion

o LedbyNellieMcClungandLouiseMcKinneyadvocatedforprohibition


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In1921prohibitionwasreplacedwithgovernment-controlledliquorsalesduetoloseofalcoholtaxes

PersonsCase1927-1929

AllowedwomentobeconsideredPersonsandbeappointedtotheSenateofCanada August27,1927theFamousFivepetitionedthegovernmentaskingthe

SupremeCourttoexaminethewordPersonsintheBritishNorthAmericaActtodeterminewhetherornotitincludedfemalepersons

Supremecourtdecidedthatitonlyincludedmen IssuewastakentotheJudicialCommitteeofEnglandsPrivyCouncil

o ConcludedthatpersonsincludedMenandWomen Thisfamouscaseledtomorerightsandincreasedopportunitiesforwomen

intheworkforce,government,andingeneral CairineWilsonbecamefirstfemaleadmittedtotheCanadianSenate

ResidentialSchools

NativeChildrensentChristianresidentialschoolswherefamiliesnotallowedtovisit

o Physically,emotionally,andsexuallyabusedo Englishwasforcedaslanguageofexpressiono Taughttobeashamedoftheirpasto Suppressionofdancing

MackenzieKingandhisGovernment

PrimeMinisterduring1920sand1930s StoodforunityamongCanadians LeaderofLiberalparty Promisednoconscription,butcalledforplebiscite Supportedfreetrade Favouredprotectionism,loweringtariffsenoughtokeepinternationaltrade,

buthowenoughtonotangerindustrialists

CanadasGrowingAutonomy

ChanakCrisis,1922o GreatBritainasksCanadatohelpwiththecrisisinTurkeybysending

troopso P.M.Kingrefuses,tellsBritainthattheycannolongerexpectCanada

tosupportthem


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Parliamentwouldnowdecidewhentosendtroops HalibutTreaty,1923

o CanadasignstreatywithUSAforfishingrights,doesntincludeGreatBritain

King-Byngaffair,1925o OutcomeofthecrisisisthattheroleoftheGovernor-GeneralisgreatlyreducedinCanada

StatueofWestminster,1932o Canadagainscompletecontrolofalllaw-makinginCanadao ConsideredequaltoGreatBritain

SuezCrisis,1956o CanadadoesnotworkwithGreatBritaintoattackEgypto CreatesitsownplanandLesterB.Pearsoncomesupwithasolution

tosavethesituationandendtheCrisis

1930s

CausesofGreatDepression

Lossofjobs Inabilitytopaybackloans StockMarketCrash BankFailures ReductioninPurchasing DroughtConditionsmadecropsnotgrowdecreasingrevenueforfarmers

In1929depressionstartedo Peoplestartedlosingjobsandthereforecouldntpaydebts

ImportersandExportersAffected October4,1929TSXlost$200Millioninvalue October18,1929TSXfell$1Millionaminute

Timeline

AusterityEconomicRecession(19191924)o

Causes EndofWW1 NoJobs LowWages

o Characteristics Peoplesavingmoney NoHiring


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ProsperityEconomicRecovery(19241929)o Causes

Growthinautoindustry Growthinconstructionindustry Newproductsmanufactured

o Characteristics Riseofconsumerism Peoplebuyingoncredit Borrowingmoney

Depression-EconomicDepression(19291939)o Causes

Notabletopaybackmoney LowdemandonCanadianproducts Fallingpriceofwheat

o Characteristics Stockmarketcrash Highunemployment Hardtostartnewbusiness

ResponsetoGreatDepression

PrimeMinisterMackenzieKingo Believedstockmarketcrashwastemporaryo SaidLiberalgovernmentwouldn'thelpoutprovincialgovernmentso R.B.BennettaccusedKingofbeingunwillingandunabletodealwith

depression

PrimeMinisterBennetto Promisedtofixunemploymento WasP.M.fortheworstyearsofdepressiono IncreasedtariffstoprotectCanadianmanufacturerso Canadianexportersofresourceswereunabletoselltheirproducts

duetoUSandBritainincreasingtariffsaswell

Unions

OneBigUniono SmallerUnionsunitedtoformonebiguniono Madeupoflabourworkerso Fightingforbetterworkingconditionso Eliminatelargedividesbetweenwageearnerso Usedstrikestoachievetheirgoals

ReliefCampsOn-to-OttawaTrek

Thedepressioncausedmanypeopletolosetheirjobs Governmentcreatedreliefcampstokeepthejoblesspeopleoffthestreets

o Reliefcampshadhorribleconditionso Dutiesincludedclearingtrees,buildingroads,etc.


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o Nobodylikedthem AsaresultallthementravelledtowardsOttawatovoicetheirconcernsto

P.M.Bennetto MenpreparedinVancouver,gatheringfoodandrallyingo BennettstoppedtheriotersinRegina,SKandmettrekleadersin

Ottawao ThemeetinginOttawadidntleadtoanythingandBennettconcluded

thatthecampswerefineforworkers

WW2

Allies

Canada France Britain USSR USA

Axis

Germany Italy Austria-Hungary Japan

Neutral

Spain Portugal Switzerland Sweden Turkey Greece

IdeologiesFascism:ledbyadictatorhavingcompletepower,suppressesoppositionandemphasizesaggressivenationalismandoftenracismCommunism:holdingallpropertyincommon,ownershipascribedtothewholeortothestateTotalitarianism:Governmentledbydictator,doesntacceptotheropinions,


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exercisesdictatorstylecontrolovermanyaspectsoflifeDemocracy:Governmentrunbypeopleelectedbythenation.Decisionsaremadeasagroupandeverybodyhasrightsandresponsibilities.

WhyWorldWar2aTotalWar

Waronallfronts Everycountrywaseitheratwar,insupport,oroccupied Civiliansandsoldierswereinvolved Waroftechnologybiggestandbestweapons Waratallcosts Warfortotaldomination

Timeline

1919:TreatyofVersailles

1933:HitlergainscontrolofGermanparliament

1936:GermantroopsintotheRhineland

March1938:HitlerinvadesAustriaSeptember1938:Munichagreement[BroughtapartofCzechoslovakiaslandto

German(asmallpartnearGermany)]March1939:HitleroccupiesCzechoslovakiaAugust1939:GermanysignspactwithSovietUnionSeptember1,1939:GermanyinvadesPolandSeptember3,1939:BritainandFrancedeclarewaronGermanySeptember10,1939:Canadadeclareswar(SeparatefromBritaintoshowindependence)

SummaryofWar

Stage11939 1941AxisVictories AlliedappeasementtoAxisaggression


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GermanBlitzkriegleadstoquickfallofWesternEuropeo Manystrongattacks(Bombingsespecially)lightningwar

GermanyandJapanarewinningthewar EasternEuropeandSoutheastAsiafalltotheAxis DuetoirrationalhatredforSlavicpeople,HitlerinvadesUSSR JapanattacksUSAatPearlHarbourbringingtheUSAintothewaragainst

Axis

By1941USAandUSSRenterwarontheAlliedside

Stage21942 1944TheTideTurns

GermanysuffersfirstmajordefeatinNorthAfrica BigThree(USA,USSR,andGreatBritain)coordinatewareffortinattemptto

openasecondfrontinEuropetakingpressureofftheeasternfront

CanadasuffersheavylossesatDieppeinafailedinvasionofNorthwestFrance

JapansufferslossestotheAmericannavyinthePacificwaratMidwayandCorelSea

Stage31933 1945TheAlliedVictory CanadaandAlliescontinuetheirassaultinItaly D-DayandinvasionofWesternEuropetakesplaceonJune4th,1944the

Beginningoftheend

IntenseaircampaignagainstGermanyresultsinincrediblelosses,mostlycivilian

HolocaustintensifiesandbecomesknowntoAllies GermanyisoverrunbytheAlliesGermanysurrendersunconditionally USAdecidestodrop2atomicbombsonJapan,endingWW2

PolicyofAppeasement

GrantingconcessionsinordertomaintainpeaceBasicallygivinglandtoacountrytokeepthemhappyandnotstartwar

WesternleadersusedthepolicywithGermanywhentheNazisbeganmakingterritorialclaims

ThischangedwhenHitlerdecidedtoinvadePolandinSeptember1939

Anschluss

LettersbetweenHitlerandKurt(PresidentofAustria)aboutwarandwhatcouldhappen(DestructionandHavoc)ifAustriadoesntteamupwithGermany


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ResultwasthatGermanyandAustriaunitedwhichwasagainsttheTreatyofVersailles

HitlersPactwithRussia

HitlerhadmadeapactwithRussiathattheydontattackGermany ProtectedGermanyfromanattackfromtheEast

Battles

HitlerTurnsonRussia

June22,1941:HitlerattacksRussiawith3milliontroops,confirmingJosephStalinssuspicions

BattleofDunkirk

800boatssavedAlliedtroopsforthebeachandferriedthembacktosafetyacrossthechannel

o ThiscameatatimewhereGermanywasdecidingwhethertoattackwithairorlandarmy

ShortlyafterDunkirk,HitlerinvadedFrancegivinghimalmostfullcontrolofwesternEurope

o ThisallowedhimtofocusonBritainnext

DisasteratDieppe

Summerof1942,SovietsurgedAlliestoattackfromWesternEurope Allieswerentprepared,howeverwantedtotestoutnewweaponsand

gatherintelligence

Missionwasspearheadedby2ndCanadianinfantry-failurefromthebeginning

ShipwasspottedbyaGermanshipandstartedtobomballies10minutesbeforetheylandedonshore

907killed,587wounded DieppewasthegreatestsacrificeofCanadianlivesduringwar

D-Day

Allieslearnedtheelementofsurpriseo Madeitlookliketherewasanattackcomingfromtheeast,however

theyreallywereattackingfromthefarwest Plannedfor5years 150,000AlliedtroopswereferriedacrossthechanneltoNormandy 14000CanadiansassignedtoJunoBeach


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o FoughtthroughGermandefencespenetratedfartherthananyotheralliedforce

HongKong

8HoursafterPearlHarbour,CanadiansoldiersjoinedalliestoattackJapan

Japancapturedtheairport,airsupportwasstopped Allieslost Canadiansweresenttoprisoner-of-war-camps

BattleuptheBoot

BenitoMussolini(ItalianDictator)overthrown ItalysurrenderedtoAllies Germanarmytookover

o AlliesfaceddifficultiesmovingupItalyduetoGermanoccupation

InternmentCamps

CanadausedWarMeasuresacttocreateinternmentandprisonerofwarcamps

Capturedenemysoldiersandmerchantsoldiers AfterPearlHarbour,CanadatookmanyinnocentJapaneseCanadiansand

consideredthemthreatso AlthoughtheRCMPrecognizedthemasharmless,thegovernment

sentthemtointernmentcampsanddeprivedthemoftheirrightso Canadaapologizedin1988andpaid$12millioninremuneration

WomansroleinMilitary

45000womanenlistedintheMilitary Tookonroleslike:

o MedicalCorpso Army(WomensDivision)o Navy(WomensDivision)o AirForce(WomensDivision)

Bytheendofthewar30000workedintheaircraftindustryo 373000wereworkinginmunitions

Holocaust

Meansgreatdestruction DeliberatemurderofmillionsofEuropeans

o SpecificallyJews,disabledpeople,gays,andpeoplewhoHitlerdefinedasUnfavourable


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FinalSolution

AfterBattleofNormandy,Germanystartedlosingpowerandoccupancy GermanyunconditionallysurrenderedtoWesternAlliesonMay7th,1945

andtotheSovietUniononMay8th,1945

NuclearHiroshimaandNagasaki

In1950s,CanadawasamiddlepowerasitproveditselfduringWW2 Didnthavealargemilitary,howevergainedinfluenceonthecountriesthat

didandthiswaskeyduringtheColdwar

September23,1949theSovietUnionannouncedthattheyexplodedtheirfirstatomicbomb2monthsearlier

Asadefence,manywesternEuropeancountriespiledupbombstotrytoachieveMutualDeterrence

o Theideathathavingalotofstockpilesofbombswouldcreateapeacefulstablesituation

CanadaassistedwiththedesignoftheAtomicBomb(withUSAandUK)

August6,1951:Hiroshimabombing August9,1951:Nagasakibombing August10,1951Japanesegovernmentsuedforpeace

PostWar

PierreTrudeau

ElectedPrimeMinisterin1958 Introducedmulticulturalism Changedimmigrationpatterns InstatedOfficialLanguagesactMakingEnglishandFrenchofficial

languagesofCanada

CreatedaconstitutionthatmadeallprovincescontentExceptQuebec ReducedhostilitybetweenUSandUSSR

LesterB.Pearson

MajorplayerintheSuezCrisis(SeeSuezCrisis) WonNobelPrizeforaccomplishmentsinEgypt ElectedasPrimeMinisterin1963 AdvocateforWorldPeace


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BrianMulroney

PlayedlargeroleintryingtobringQuebecintotheConstitution IntroducedMeechandCharlottetownaccords(rejected) IntroducedCanada-USFreeTradeAgreement IntroducedGoodsandServicesTax

ColdWar

ConflictbetweenUSandUSSR Bothcountriesarmedwithnuclearweapons Bothcountriescouldequallyretaliatecausingmassdestruction Nowarwasfoughtbetweenthem,howevertherewasaconstantthreat

o USandUSSRusedeconomicandpoliticalmeasurestofightinsteadofmilitaryaggression

SuezCrisis

GamalAbdelNassernationalizedtheSuezCanalAmajortraderouteforFranceandBritain

FranceandBritainwereangeredanddecidedtoattackEgyptalongwithIsraeltoregaincontroloftheSuez

CanadaassistedtheUNsecuritycounciltogenerateasolutiono LesterB.PearsonproposedaneutralUNmilitaryforcethatwould

createpeaceintheareao ThiswaslaterknownasUNpeacekeepingandpositionedCanadaina

peacekeepingpositiono Canadahasbeeninvolvedinallpeacekeepingmissionssince

QuebecSovereignty

InhistoryQuebechasattemptedseveraltimestobecomeitsownidentity ThefirstattemptwastheMeechLakeAccord-1987to1990

o BrianMulroneyattemptedtobringQuebecintotheconstitutiono Inthissituation,Quebecwouldbecomeadistinctsocietygiving

themmorepoweronwhatgoesonintheprovinceo AllprovincesalsoreceivedagreatersayinnominatingSenators,

SupremeCourtjudges,therighttooptoutofnationalsocialprogramsandsharedcontroloverimmigration

o Whyitfailed: 56%ofCanadiansopposedthedistinctsocietyclausebecause

itmaygivetoomuchpowertoQuebec


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AboriginalsarguedthattheyshouldreceivedistinctstatusifQuebecreceiveditawell

NationalActionCommitteeontheStatusofWomanfearedthatQuebecwouldusedistinctstatustooverridewomansrights

InlastdaysbeforedeadlineClydeWells(PremierofNewfoundland)andElijahHarper(AboriginalMemberofLegislativeAssembly)

SecondattemptwastheCharlottetownAccord-1992o BrianMulroneyproposedaconstitutionthatrecognizesaboriginal

peoplesrightstoselfgovernment,electedsenatewithequalnumberofsenatorsfromeachprovincewithareservednumberforaboriginals

o FatedeterminedbyNationalreferendum 54%ofCanadiansrejectedtheAccordsoitfailed

TheQuebecoisstartedtheBlocQuebecoiswhichisdedicatedtoQuebecSovereignty

o In1995theBlocQuebecoispromisedsovereigntyreferendum.VictorywasforCanadaastherewasaslightwinforQuebectojointhereferendum

OctoberCrisis

In1970,seriesofkidnappingsincludingJamesGreenandPierreLaportebyFLQFrontdeLibrationduQubec

PierreTrudeaurefusedtonegotiatewiththeterroristsandenactedtheWarMeasuresacttoprotectpoliticiansinCanada

JohnDiefenbaker

PrimeMinisterduringColdWar FromGermanDescent BroughtfirstChinesememberofparliament,firstUkrainianMinisterof

Labour,andfirstwomancabinetminister

BroughtstrongQuebecsupporttoconservativeparty PassedCanadianBillofRights(1960)ledtoCanadianCharterofRightsand

Freedoms CancelledAvroArrowCausedhimtolosepopularityandbevotedout

InternationalSecurityCanadasParticipation


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NORADNorthAmericanAerospaceDefenceCommand

MaingoaltoprotectNorthAmericanairspacefromRussianbombs CanadaisrightbetweenRussiaandtheUSA,thereforebyteamingupwith

Canada,bothUSAandCanadareceiveprotectionfromnuclearbombs. NowNORADfocusesondrugtraffickingandterroristprotections

NATONorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization

Formedin1949afterColdWar Attackononecountrywasconsideredanattackonallofthem(Canada,USA,

andmanyEuropeanCountries)includedHungaryandCzechRepubliclateron

NATOtookcontrolofAfghanistanmissionin2003

CanadaintheUN

Foundingmember Drivingforcebehind1stWorldSummitforChildren

Commonwealth

Membersince1931 Membersworktogethertopromotetradeandeconomic/socialdevelopment Promotepeace,equalrights,andruleoflaw

DARTTheCanadianForcesDisasterAssistanceResponseTeam

Providesrapidmilitaryneedsinplacesinneedofhelp

Includes200skilledandtrainedCanadianforces HelpedHonduransrecoverfromhurricanein1998 HelpedTurkeyafter1999earthquake HelpedSriLankaafter2004Tsunami

CanadainUNPeacekeeping

SuezCrisis(seeabove) Rwanda

o 1933,2500UNpeacekeepers(including400Canadians)o 2maingroupsTutsisandHutuso In100days,Rwandanpresidentdied,800,000killed,90%Tutsiso Consideredafailure,RomeoDallairewarnedUNhowevertheydidnot

assist Yugoslavia

o AfterleaderofYugoslavia(JosephTito)died,manysmallergroups(whichlaterbecamecountries)startedtofightforindependence


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o OvertimedifferentcountriesgainedindependenceBosnia,Croatia,Macedonia

o UNNegotiatedceasefiressothatUNPeacekeeperscouldhelprefugeeso CommanderMacKenzieblamedUNfornotproperlyunderstanding

theprobleminYugoslaviaandsendingpeacekeeperstoamission

boundtofail Afghanistan

o 2001-2010o Stabilizeacountryemergingfromyearsofcivilwaro KeepingAfghanistansafeandrebuildingito LeadinsecuringKandaharprovinceo MaintainpeaceandorderbybuildingcapacityofAfghanNational

ArmyandPolice

NewFlag

Pearsonwantednewflagin1964 CanadiansfeltPearsonwassidingwiththeQuebecoisbecausetheywanted

togetridoftheUnionJack

ResultisthecurrentCanadianflag

AboriginalsinCanada

Beginningof1890s,CanadainstitutedprogramsaimedtoreconfigurefabricofNativelife

ResidentialSchools:o NativeChildrensentChristianresidentialschoolswherefamiliesnot

allowedtovisito Englishwasforcedaslanguageofexpressiono Taughttobeashamedoftheirpasto Suppressionofdancing

Reserves:o Povertyo HighAlcoholismo SuicideRates

LeagueofIndiansofCanadao Nativesresistedassimilationbycreatingnationalpoliticalleaguesand

newformsofculturalexpressioninart,literature,andeducationo FredrickOgilvieloftestablishedleaguein1918o Primaryconcernwaseducationo LoftsentlettersonbehalfofIndianstopoliticalofficialso Stoppedin1934

History Grade 10 Notebox Exam Notes (2)

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