History and What- Really-Happened What is History? Remembered, Recovered, & Invented.

History and What-History and What-Really-Happened Really-Happened

What is History?What is History?

Remembered, Recovered, & InventedRemembered, Recovered, & Invented

Based on a USU 1320 lecture by Dr. Mark DamenBased on a USU 1320 lecture by Dr. Mark Damen

StarterStarter Take out a piece of paper, put your name, Take out a piece of paper, put your name,

hour, and today’s date on it along with the hour, and today’s date on it along with the title: “History and What Really Happened”title: “History and What Really Happened”

Then answer this question in a short Then answer this question in a short paragraph (paragraph (5-6 sentences5-6 sentences).).

How do we know what has happened in How do we know what has happened in the past? How can we learn about the past? How can we learn about history? List as many sources of history? List as many sources of historical knowledge as you can.historical knowledge as you can.

Test is tomorrow! Be sure to finish your Test is tomorrow! Be sure to finish your study guide and notes during Peak or study guide and notes during Peak or after school!!after school!!

StarterStarter1- Take out a piece of paper. Create this circle map on it.1- Take out a piece of paper. Create this circle map on it.2- Answer these questions in the first section with 5-6 sentences.2- Answer these questions in the first section with 5-6 sentences.How do we know what has happened in the past? How can we learn about history? How do we know what has happened in the past? How can we learn about history? List as many sources of historical knowledge as you can (ex. Books, etc.).List as many sources of historical knowledge as you can (ex. Books, etc.).

Name: History and What Really Happened

Hour:Date:

History

What is History?

Recovered History

Rem

emb

ered

Histo

ry

So what is history?So what is history?

What do you think?What do you think?Think-Pair-ShareThink-Pair-ShareTalk with the students you Talk with the students you

share a table with about your share a table with about your ideas and come up with a ideas and come up with a definition of history and why definition of history and why we should study it.we should study it.

What are we going to learn?What are we going to learn?

Social Studies Social Studies ObjectiveObjective We will be able to We will be able to describe what history describe what history is and how we learn is and how we learn about the past.about the past.

Behavior Objective – Behavior Objective – Courtesy & RespectCourtesy & Respect

Language Language ObjectiveObjectiveWe will talk about We will talk about our ideas with our ideas with others, listen to their others, listen to their ideas, and describe ideas, and describe important details in important details in our notes.our notes.

What is History?What is History?

According to most people, According to most people, history history is “what really is “what really happened in the past”.happened in the past”.

But where do we get this But where do we get this information?information?

Figuring out what Figuring out what happened in the past is happened in the past is complex and difficult, but complex and difficult, but helps us learn about helps us learn about people from different people from different times. It also helps us times. It also helps us learn about ourselves.learn about ourselves.

Ancient World History

How do we know what How do we know what happened in the past?happened in the past?

What are some ways we can What are some ways we can learn about things that learn about things that happened in different times?happened in different times? ??

Learning about history is like Learning about history is like being a detective.being a detective.

A detective A detective gathers witness gathers witness statements, statements, collects collects evidence from evidence from the scene, and the scene, and gathers gathers background background information to information to find out what is find out what is true and false.true and false.

History does the same thing if History does the same thing if you think about it.you think about it. HistoriansHistorians gather information gather information

from people who lived at the time from people who lived at the time they are studying.they are studying.

ArcheologistsArcheologists learn about the learn about the past by digging it up and figuring past by digging it up and figuring out what they find means.out what they find means.

Historians also have to decide if Historians also have to decide if people were being truthful, or people were being truthful, or stretching the truth to benefit stretching the truth to benefit themselves.themselves.

There are three basics types There are three basics types of history.of history. Remembered Remembered

historyhistory is history that is history that was passed down was passed down either orally (in either orally (in spoken words) or spoken words) or recorded in writing.recorded in writing.

Recovered historyRecovered history is is history that was lost history that was lost and found again, and found again, often through often through archaeology.archaeology.

Invented historyInvented history is is history that was made history that was made up by someone.up by someone. All three of these All three of these

give us valuable give us valuable information.information.

Remembered history in detail.Remembered history in detail.

Remembered historyRemembered history is history is history that was passed down either that was passed down either orally (in spoken words) or orally (in spoken words) or recorded in writing.recorded in writing. It is like witness statements to a It is like witness statements to a

detective.detective.

Can you see some problems Can you see some problems with Remembered history?with Remembered history?

Do you watch any Do you watch any crime shows on crime shows on television like Law television like Law & Order, CSI, or & Order, CSI, or Bones?Bones?

What have you What have you learned about learned about witnesses?witnesses? Hint: Can you Hint: Can you

always believe always believe them?them?

People like to tell People like to tell stories that benefit stories that benefit themselves, or themselves, or make themselves make themselves look good.look good.

Testimony of WitnessesTestimony of Witnesses

Our understanding of history is often Our understanding of history is often based on the testimony of witnesses.based on the testimony of witnesses. Different people see things in different Different people see things in different

ways, so it’s not always possible to ways, so it’s not always possible to determine what happened in the pastdetermine what happened in the past

Ancient World History

Remembered HistoryRemembered History

Historians want to know all they Historians want to know all they can about what people can about what people remember, but they must always remember, but they must always be careful of be careful of biasbias in their in their sources of information.sources of information. BiasBias is telling a story in a way that is telling a story in a way that

benefits your own point of view. benefits your own point of view. Other words that describes bias Other words that describes bias are are predispositionpredisposition, , preconceptionpreconception, , or even or even prejudiceprejudice. .

Testimony of WitnessesTestimony of Witnesses

People’s People’s memories are memories are filled with filled with biases: self-biases: self-righteousness, righteousness, pride, vanity, pride, vanity, spinning tales, spinning tales, confusion and confusion and outright lies.outright lies.

Sources of Remembered Sources of Remembered HistoryHistory A A primary sourceprimary source

is an original is an original document that has document that has to do with an event to do with an event or subject of or subject of inquiry in history. inquiry in history. It is a firsthand or It is a firsthand or eyewitness eyewitness account of an account of an event.event. ExamplesExamples

DiaryDiary PicturesPictures MapsMaps And so on…And so on…

Sources of Remembered Sources of Remembered HistoryHistory A A secondary secondary

sourcesource is any is any document that document that describes an event, describes an event, person, place, or person, place, or thing that was not thing that was not created at the same created at the same time that it time that it describes.describes. ExamplesExamples

Biography (What Biography (What about an about an autobiography?)autobiography?)

History textbookHistory textbook Documentary on Documentary on

the History Channelthe History Channel And so on…And so on…

Sources of Remembered Sources of Remembered HistoryHistory Oral historyOral history is is

historical information, historical information, usually tape-recorded usually tape-recorded or video taped, that is or video taped, that is obtained in interviews obtained in interviews with persons who have with persons who have firsthand knowledge of firsthand knowledge of a different time or an a different time or an important event.important event. ExamplesExamples

Grandma telling Grandma telling about when she about when she was young.was young.

An interview with a An interview with a World War II World War II veteran.veteran.

Recovered History in detail.Recovered History in detail.

Recovered historyRecovered history is history is history that was lost and found again, that was lost and found again, often through archaeology.often through archaeology. This is like evidence from a crime This is like evidence from a crime

scene.scene. This This video clip shows shows

archaeology students at a dig in archaeology students at a dig in Salem, Massachusetts.Salem, Massachusetts.

Sources of Recovered HistorySources of Recovered History

ArchaeologyArchaeology is the is the scientific study of scientific study of historic or prehistoric historic or prehistoric peoples and their peoples and their cultures by studying cultures by studying their artifacts, their artifacts, inscriptions, inscriptions, monuments, and other monuments, and other such remains, esp. such remains, esp. those that have been those that have been excavated from the excavated from the earth. earth. ExampleExample

PompeiiPompeii JamestownJamestown And so on…And so on…

Sources of Recovered HistorySources of Recovered History

Another important Another important source for source for recovered history recovered history is librarians who is librarians who find lost papers in find lost papers in their collections.their collections. ExamplesExamples

Dead Sea ScrollsDead Sea Scrolls Greek and Latin Greek and Latin

writingswritings And so on…And so on…

Sources of Recovered HistorySources of Recovered History

We also can We also can recover history recover history when languages when languages that we did not that we did not understand are understand are finally finally translated.translated. ExamplesExamples

MayaMaya CuneiformCuneiform EgyptianEgyptian An so on…An so on…

Can you see some problems Can you see some problems with Recovered history?with Recovered history?

What have you What have you learned about learned about evidence from evidence from crime shows?crime shows? Hint: Is it easy to Hint: Is it easy to

interpret what interpret what evidence means?evidence means?

(CSI clip)(CSI clip) People often have People often have

different opinions different opinions about what about what recovered history recovered history tells us.tells us. This is another This is another

form of bias.form of bias.

Invented History in detail.Invented History in detail.

Invented history Invented history is history that was is history that was made up by someone, but that often made up by someone, but that often uses real events as their basis.uses real events as their basis. For a detective, these would like be For a detective, these would like be

stories made up by a suspect.stories made up by a suspect. Although we know that these stories Although we know that these stories

are not true, they can tell us about the are not true, they can tell us about the person who is telling the story, their person who is telling the story, their culture, their beliefs, and what they culture, their beliefs, and what they think is important for us to believe.think is important for us to believe.

Sources of Invented HistorySources of Invented History

Many myths Many myths and legends are and legends are invented history.invented history. ExamplesExamples

George George Washington Washington and the Cherry and the Cherry TreeTree

AtlantisAtlantis And so on…And so on…

Sources of Invented HistorySources of Invented History

Other sources Other sources are books and are books and movies that use movies that use real events from real events from history to tell a history to tell a story.story. ExamplesExamples

The Last Days The Last Days of Pompeiiof Pompeii

National National TreasureTreasure

And so on…And so on…

What are some problems with What are some problems with invented history?invented history? What have you What have you

learned about lies learned about lies from crime shows?from crime shows? Hint: Do detectives Hint: Do detectives

always know that a always know that a suspect is lying to suspect is lying to them?them?

People often don’t find People often don’t find out that the story was out that the story was not true until later, and not true until later, and it is difficult to change it is difficult to change people’s mind once people’s mind once the lie is exposed.the lie is exposed. This is another form of This is another form of

bias.bias.

Remembered, Recovered, Remembered, Recovered, and Inventedand Invented By looking at each of these types of By looking at each of these types of

history, we can gain insights into history, we can gain insights into what happened in the past. what happened in the past. Just like a detective uses all these types Just like a detective uses all these types

of evidence to find the guilty person in a of evidence to find the guilty person in a crime.crime.

Yet even with all of this evidence, Yet even with all of this evidence, historians do not have a 100% historians do not have a 100% accurate knowledge of what accurate knowledge of what happened in the past.happened in the past.

Time machine anyone?Time machine anyone?

I often wish I had a I often wish I had a time machine so I time machine so I could go and see could go and see what actually what actually happened at some happened at some point in history.point in history.

Then I could tell Then I could tell people about it or people about it or show them a video show them a video of what I saw.of what I saw. Would this be Would this be

unbiased history? unbiased history? Why or why not?Why or why not?

Is it impossible to find out Is it impossible to find out what-really-happened-in-what-really-happened-in-the past?the past?

Probably! Probably! However, we can get However, we can get

closer to the truth by:closer to the truth by: Looking at multiple sourcesLooking at multiple sources Discussing what we think is Discussing what we think is

accurateaccurate Allowing debateAllowing debate Being flexible to changesBeing flexible to changes

So what is the point of So what is the point of studying history?studying history?

Misunderstanding history has Misunderstanding history has caused some of the darkest caused some of the darkest days in our history, like World days in our history, like World War II and Sept. 11.War II and Sept. 11.

Others have reshaped the world Others have reshaped the world through their understanding of through their understanding of history, like the Founders of the history, like the Founders of the United States or Gandhi.United States or Gandhi.

Why Study History?Why Study History?

It tells us:It tells us: How we got to the How we got to the

present time.present time.

Our values as a Our values as a society.society.

Founding FathersFounding Fathers

Studying the past is Studying the past is the only way to steer a the only way to steer a course into the future. course into the future.

We don’t want to We don’t want to repeat the mistakes of repeat the mistakes of the past. (the the past. (the Holocaust, Japanese Holocaust, Japanese Internment Camps)Internment Camps)

We want to continue We want to continue the successes of the the successes of the past. (Democracy, Art, past. (Democracy, Art, Medicine, etc.) Medicine, etc.)

History matters!!History matters!!

““Whether anyone likes it or not – Whether anyone likes it or not – or admits it or not – everyone or admits it or not – everyone cares about history because it’s cares about history because it’s from our understanding of what-from our understanding of what-really-happened back then that really-happened back then that we guide and shape our lives.”we guide and shape our lives.”

We all have beliefs about who We all have beliefs about who we are and where we come we are and where we come from that help us to find a place from that help us to find a place in our homes, communities, and in our homes, communities, and world.world.

History should not be placed History should not be placed on a dusty shelf like a book.on a dusty shelf like a book. We all can contribute to the We all can contribute to the

history and shape our own history and shape our own understanding of it.understanding of it.

Be willing to be a detective of Be willing to be a detective of history and find a new clue that history and find a new clue that could reshape our thinking could reshape our thinking about the world we know.about the world we know.

So let’s start with Utah…So let’s start with Utah…

Bell ActivityBell Activity

Your words are Your words are “archaeologist” & “artifact”“archaeologist” & “artifact”

Find the word on your pink study Find the word on your pink study guide and complete the following guide and complete the following information for the word.information for the word. Find the definition using a glossary.Find the definition using a glossary. Use your own knowledge and experience Use your own knowledge and experience

to complete the rest of the definition.to complete the rest of the definition.

Where should your backpack be?Where should your backpack be?

This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it properly!

Does your work look something like this?Does your work look something like this?

Word: archaeologist My Understanding: 4 3 2 1

Definition: Draw a picture of it:

Sentence:

Synonym/Example:

Antonym/Non-Example:

Does your work look something like this?Does your work look something like this?

Word: archaeologist My Understanding: 4 3 2 1

Definition: a scientist who studies Draw a picture of it:

prehistoric (or historic) people and their

culture

Sentence: The archaeologist was

excavating the site of an shelter used by

Paleo-Indians.

Synonym/Example:anthropologist

Antonym/Non-Example: biologist, chemist

Does your work look something like Does your work look something like this?this?

word: artifact My Understanding: 4 3 2 1

Definition: Draw a picture of it:

Sentence:

Synonym/Example:

Antonym/Non-Example:

Does your work look something like Does your work look something like this?this?

word: artifact My Understanding: 4 3 2 1

Definition: any handmade object from Draw a picture of it:

an earlier time

Sentence: The artifacts were carefully

mapped by the archaeologist before she

removed them from the ground.

Synonym/Example:object; statue, toy

Antonym/Non-Example: not made by humans

Remembered, Recovered or Remembered, Recovered or Invented HistoryInvented History With your table partners, you will be With your table partners, you will be

looking at artifacts.looking at artifacts. Decide if they are an example of Decide if they are an example of

remembered, recovered or invented remembered, recovered or invented history.history.

Then decide if they are a primary or Then decide if they are a primary or secondary source.secondary source.

Discuss your ideas with your group and Discuss your ideas with your group and then write your conclusions on your then write your conclusions on your group paper.group paper.

Group JobsGroup Jobs Reader – Hold up the document and Reader – Hold up the document and

read any text.read any text. Scribes – Write the responses of your Scribes – Write the responses of your

group.group. Prompter – Ask the questions on your Prompter – Ask the questions on your

paper for each artifact.paper for each artifact. Fact Checker – Poll your group to Fact Checker – Poll your group to

decide what type of history the artifact decide what type of history the artifact is.is.

Cheerleader – Keep everyone on task.Cheerleader – Keep everyone on task.