chapter Z Colonial Statistics Z 1-405. General note. It would have been possible to distribute these series for the colonial period among the chapters covering each of the appropriate subject fields. It was felt, however, that a sepa rate chapter especially organized to cover this period would be more valuable in itself and would also provide a more suitable, less-exacting context for the statistics, many of which are rela tively roughhewn. In the past, statistics for the colonial period were largely dependent on compilations made during the 17th and 18th centuries by historians such as Whitworth and Macpherson. Present-day scholars, however, no longer solely rely upon such compilations. They are ferreting out statistical information from original records hitherto left unused in archives and reconstructing statistical series of their own from other sources. Only five of the tables presented here might be said to be old standbys. Twenty-two are the work of modern scholars, half reprinted as originally published, and half supplemented by reference to other data. Of those which never before have appeared in print, Stella H. Sutherland compiled series Z 1-19; Jacob M. Price, series Z 223-237 and part of series Z 238-240; J. R. House, series Z 267-273; Austin White, series Z 388-405; and Lawrence A. Harper (assisted by graduate students), the remainder. The Public Records Office in London (sometimes hereafter abbreviated PRO) contains many collections of records which throw light on commerce between England and the colonies and to some extent on the development of agriculture and man ufacturing in the colonies, particularly when considered with reference to the mercantilist laws passed by the mother coun try, as has been done here. The laws in question are cited at various points in the text below by reference to' their regnal year and chapter numbers—for example, 5 Geo. II c 22 (the fifth year of the reign of King George II, chapter 22). The collections in the Public Records Office in London, which are the original sources for much of the data presented here, are identified there by title and call numbers. For example, one collection is titled "American Inspector General's Ledgers" and is further identified as "PRO Customs 16/1." The most important of these collections or ledgers of imports and ex ports are the following: The English Inspector General's Ledgers (PRO Customs 3) ; the Scottish Inspector General's Ledgers (PRO Customs 14); the American Inspector General's Ledgers (PRO Customs 16/1) ; and the colonial naval office lists (usually found in C. 0. 5). The English, Scottish, and American Inspector Generals' Ledgers are conveniently arranged for statistical purposes, but are so voluminous that it is far more convenient to utilize contemporary tabulations drawn from them when such sec ondary sources are available. The lists kept by the naval officers of that period (for the purpose of helping to enforce the navigation laws) merely provide chronological data concern ing the ships which entered and cleared port, together with their cargoes and destinations. The task of using the naval office lists has in some instances been lightened by colonial newspapers, such as the South Caro lina Gazette, which published data taken from customhouse records. Also of general assistance in the preparation of many series presented in this chapter are the compilations from naval office lists prepared by a Works Progress Administra tion project conducted at the University of California, entitled "Trade and Commerce of the English Colonies in America," and referred to below as WPA compilations. Z 1-19. Estimated population of American Colonies, 1610- 1780. Source: Compiled by Stella H. Sutherland, Oakland City Col lege, Oakland City, Indiana, chiefly from the following sources: B. J. Brawley, A Short History of the American Negro, Mac- Millan, 1913; Elizabeth Donnan (editor), Documents Illustrative of the History of the Slave Trade to America, 4 vols., Carnegie Institution of Washington, D.C., 1930-35; Evarts B. Greene and Virginia D. Harrington, American Population Before the Feder al Census of 1790, Columbia University Press, New York, 1932; Stella H. Sutherland, Population Distribution in Colonial Amer ica, Columbia University Press, New York, 1936; E. R. Turner, "The Negro in Pennsylvania," Prize Essays of the American Historical Association, Washington, D.C., 1911; Bureau of the Census, A Century of Population Growth, 1909; Thomas J. Wertenbaker, The Planters of Colonial Virginia, Princeton, 1922; and George W. Williams, The History of the Negro Race in America From 1619 to 1880, 2 vols., New York, 1883. (Also, a wide variety of source material was consulted for general information.) The original data were obtained from the reports of the colonial officials to the Lords Commissioners of Trade and Plantations. Not infrequently a census supplied sworn evi dence of the number of inhabitants; for other reports, the militia or the tax lists or both were used, commonly accom panied by an estimate of the whole population as indicated by the rolls or lists. Estimates made by colonial officials and by other informed contemporaries who did not disclose the figures upon which their conclusions were based have occasion ally been included in these series. However, such estimates were selected in accordance with the general pattern of popula tion growth. The ratio of the militia to the whole population was generally 1 to 5%, but there were many exceptions. In Massachusetts, it was 1 to 6 in 1751 and 1 to 4 in 1763; in Connecticut, 1 to 6 in 1722 and 1756 and 1 to 7 in 1749, 1761, and 1774; it was 1 to 6 in Virginia and 1 to 7 in South Carolina at various times. No generalization can safely be made as to the ratio borne by the northern polls and ratables and by the southern taxables and tithables to the whole population of the Colonies. In every Province the figure was different. In the North, it ranged from 1 to 4 to 1 to 5% ; in Pennsylvania, it was 1 to 7 in the 1750's, but 1 to 5.8 was the more common figure; in Maryland and Virginia, where both male and female slaves appeared on the tax lists, the ratio was 1 to 3 or 3.5 in the 17th century and 1 to 2.4 or 2.6 in the 18th century. The North Carolina white taxables were multiplied by 4 and the Negro taxables by 2. The figures for Negroes for the 17th century, which are doubtlessly too low, are largely estimates based upon references 486910 O - 60 - 49 743
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chapter Z
Colonial Statistics
Z 1-405. General note.
It would have been possible to distribute these series for
the colonial period among the chapters covering each of the
appropriate subject fields. It was felt, however, that a sepa
rate chapter especially organized to cover this period would be
more valuable in itself and would also provide a more suitable,
less-exacting context for the statistics, many of which are rela
tively roughhewn.
In the past, statistics for the colonial period were largely
dependent on compilations made during the 17th and 18th
centuries by historians such as Whitworth and Macpherson.
Present-day scholars, however, no longer solely rely upon such
compilations. They are ferreting out statistical information
from original records hitherto left unused in archives and
reconstructing statistical series of their own from other sources.
Only five of the tables presented here might be said to be
old standbys. Twenty-two are the work of modern scholars,
half reprinted as originally published, and half supplemented
by reference to other data.
Of those which never before have appeared in print, Stella
H. Sutherland compiled series Z 1-19; Jacob M. Price, series
Z 223-237 and part of series Z 238-240; J. R. House, series
Z 267-273; Austin White, series Z 388-405; and Lawrence A.
Harper (assisted by graduate students), the remainder.
The Public Records Office in London (sometimes hereafter
abbreviated PRO) contains many collections of records which
throw light on commerce between England and the colonies and
to some extent on the development of agriculture and man
ufacturing in the colonies, particularly when considered with
reference to the mercantilist laws passed by the mother coun
try, as has been done here. The laws in question are cited
at various points in the text below by reference to' their
regnal year and chapter numbers—for example, 5 Geo. II
c 22 (the fifth year of the reign of King George II, chapter 22).
The collections in the Public Records Office in London, which
are the original sources for much of the data presented here,
are identified there by title and call numbers. For example,
one collection is titled "American Inspector General's Ledgers"
and is further identified as "PRO Customs 16/1." The most
important of these collections or ledgers of imports and ex
ports are the following: The English Inspector General's
Ledgers (PRO Customs 3) ; the Scottish Inspector General's
Ledgers (PRO Customs 14); the American Inspector General's
Ledgers (PRO Customs 16/1) ; and the colonial naval office
lists (usually found in C. 0. 5).
The English, Scottish, and American Inspector Generals'
Ledgers are conveniently arranged for statistical purposes, but
are so voluminous that it is far more convenient to utilize
contemporary tabulations drawn from them when such sec
ondary sources are available. The lists kept by the naval
officers of that period (for the purpose of helping to enforce
the navigation laws) merely provide chronological data concern
ing the ships which entered and cleared port, together with
their cargoes and destinations.
The task of using the naval office lists has in some instances
been lightened by colonial newspapers, such as the South Caro
lina Gazette, which published data taken from customhouse
records. Also of general assistance in the preparation of many
series presented in this chapter are the compilations from
naval office lists prepared by a Works Progress Administra
tion project conducted at the University of California, entitled
"Trade and Commerce of the English Colonies in America,"
and referred to below as WPA compilations.
Z 1-19. Estimated population of American Colonies, 1610-
1780.
Source: Compiled by Stella H. Sutherland, Oakland City Col
lege, Oakland City, Indiana, chiefly from the following sources:
B. J. Brawley, A Short History of the American Negro, Mac-
Millan, 1913; Elizabeth Donnan (editor), Documents Illustrative
of the History of the Slave Trade to America, 4 vols., Carnegie
Institution of Washington, D.C., 1930-35; Evarts B. Greene and
Virginia D. Harrington, American Population Before the Feder
al Census of 1790, Columbia University Press, New York, 1932;
Stella H. Sutherland, Population Distribution in Colonial Amer
ica, Columbia University Press, New York, 1936; E. R. Turner,
"The Negro in Pennsylvania," Prize Essays of the American
Historical Association, Washington, D.C., 1911; Bureau of the
Census, A Century of Population Growth, 1909; Thomas J.
Wertenbaker, The Planters of Colonial Virginia, Princeton,
1922; and George W. Williams, The History of the Negro Race
in America From 1619 to 1880, 2 vols., New York, 1883. (Also,
a wide variety of source material was consulted for general
information.)
The original data were obtained from the reports of the
colonial officials to the Lords Commissioners of Trade and
Plantations. Not infrequently a census supplied sworn evi
dence of the number of inhabitants; for other reports, the
militia or the tax lists or both were used, commonly accom
panied by an estimate of the whole population as indicated
by the rolls or lists. Estimates made by colonial officials and
by other informed contemporaries who did not disclose the
figures upon which their conclusions were based have occasion
ally been included in these series. However, such estimates
were selected in accordance with the general pattern of popula
tion growth.
The ratio of the militia to the whole population was generally
1 to 5%, but there were many exceptions. In Massachusetts,
it was 1 to 6 in 1751 and 1 to 4 in 1763; in Connecticut, 1
to 6 in 1722 and 1756 and 1 to 7 in 1749, 1761, and 1774;
it was 1 to 6 in Virginia and 1 to 7 in South Carolina at
various times. No generalization can safely be made as to
the ratio borne by the northern polls and ratables and by the
southern taxables and tithables to the whole population of the
Colonies. In every Province the figure was different. In the
North, it ranged from 1 to 4 to 1 to 5% ; in Pennsylvania,
it was 1 to 7 in the 1750's, but 1 to 5.8 was the more common
figure; in Maryland and Virginia, where both male and female
slaves appeared on the tax lists, the ratio was 1 to 3 or 3.5
in the 17th century and 1 to 2.4 or 2.6 in the 18th century.
The North Carolina white taxables were multiplied by 4 and
the Negro taxables by 2.
The figures for Negroes for the 17th century, which are
doubtlessly too low, are largely estimates based upon references
486910 O - 60 - 49
743
Z 20-75 COLONIAL STATISTICS
to purchase and sale, to laws governing slavery, and occasion
ally to reports of more or less exact numbers.
Z 20. Percent distribution of the white population, by nation
ality, 1790.
Source: American Council of Learned Societies, "Report of
Committee on Linguistic and National Stocks in the Population
of the United States" (based on studies by Howard F. Barker
and Marcus L. Hansen), Annual Report of the American His
torical Association, 1931, vol. I, Washington, D.C., 1932, p. 124.
Distribution was made primarily on the basis of family
names. For explanation of methods used, see source.
Z 21-34. Value of exports to and imports from England, by
American Colonies, 1697-1776.
Source: 1697-1773, Charles Whitworth, State of the Trade
of Great Britain in Its Imports and Exports Progressively from
the Year 1697, G. Robinson, London, 1776; 1774-1776, David
Macpherson, Annals of Commerce, Manufactures, Fisheries and
Navigation, vol. Ill, Mundell & Son, Edinburgh, 1805, pp. 564,
535, and 599.
The English Inspector General's Ledgers (Public Records
Office, London, Customs 2 and 3) provide the original source
for these figures. Unfortunately, Whitworth's erroneous title
has caused many to believe the figures relate to Britain rather
than to England but otherwise his volume has much value.
The source tables cover all countries and appear in two for
mats: One gives England's trade with any one country, an
nually; the other shows all the countries with which England
traded each year. Those interested in studying broader trends
will find value in the decennial averages in John Lord Sheffield,
Observations on the Commerce of the American States, 6th
edition, London, 1784. G. N. Clark's Guide to English Com
mercial Statistics, 1696-1782 (Royal Historical Society Guides
and Handbooks, No. 1, London, 1938) provides a valuable
history and analysis of the basic statistics and a useful ap
pendix which has a chronological list of statistical material for
1663-1783 and specifies where the data may be found.
Users of this material should note the basis on which the
values rest. Smuggling (which so often attracts greater atten
tion but which must always be considered commodity by com
modity, country by country) does not constitute a material
factor during the years under consideration. However, other
difficulties arise with respect to the question of the volume of
exports and the value of all the trade. The repeal of the
export duties on woolen manufactures in 1701 (11 W. Ill c 20)
and of the remaining export duties in 1721 (Geo. II c 15)
removed the penalty for false entries on exports, and some
merchants overstated their quantity for reasons of real or
fancied prestige—a practice which may have injected an ele
ment of error of about 4 percent (Clark, cited above, pp. 16,
27, and 35).
Another problem arose in determining the value of the
merchandise imported as well as exported. The authorities of
the early 18th century were greatly interested in the balance
of trade and at first tried to ascertain the real commercial
value of merchandise. However, the difficulties of doing so,
and the increasing recognition that there were intangible ele
ments which the records could not disclose, led to the abandon
ment of attempts to keep the values current by the end of
the second decade of the 18th century.
The so-called "official values" became stereotyped between
1705 and 1721 (Clark, cited above, pp. 17-23), a fact which
diminished their value for use in striking a balance of trade
but increased their usefulness as a rough-and-ready index of
the relative increase or decrease of the volume of trade.
See also general note for series Z 1-405.
Z 35-42. Value of exports to and imports from England by
New York, 1751-1775.
Source: Virginia D. Harrington, The New York Merchant
on the Eve of the Revolution, Columbia University Press, New
York, 1935, p. 354.
Foreign manufactures "In time" are those which could re
ceive a drawback (refund) of duties; "Out of time" are those
which could not. Outports are all ports in England other than
London.
Z 43-55. Tonnage capacity of ships and value of exports and
imports of American Colonies, by destination and origin,
1769 and 1770.
Source: David Macpherson, cited above in source for series
Z 21-34, vol. Ill, pp. 571-572.
The tonnage figures shown are those used commercially—
not those computed when the Royal Navy was purchasing
vessels (see text for series Z 56-75). The statistics given by
Macpherson are substantially the same as those given in Public
Records Office, London, Customs 16/1, except that Macpherson
put the 1769 inward-bound tonnage data for Southern Europe
in the West Indies column (and vice versa)—an error which
has been corrected here.
The value figures for 1769 provide only a rough-and-ready
index of the relationship among the different trades. Totals
include figures for the Islands of Newfoundland, Bahama, and
Bermuda (a factor which statistically makes only a minor dif
ference). These data are based on the official valuations used
in the customhouse which, according to Macpherson, consider
ably understate the true amount. This defect, however serious
for some purposes, does not destroy the value of the figures
for comparative purposes. Also, it must be remembered that
the value figures exclude the intercolonial coastwise trade
which the tonnage figures show to have been as large as any
other.
See also series Z 21-34, which provide a broader and more
representative base for studying the relative relationship of
the Thirteen Colonies' trade with England.
It should be noted that the use of these figures on volume
of the traffic for the various trades for estimating the amount
of shipping given full-time employment must allow for re
peated voyages of the same vessel.
Z 56-75. Number and tonnage capacity of ships outward and
inward bound, by destination and origin, 1714-1772.
Source: Compiled by Lawrence A. Harper, University of
California, from photographic copies of the naval office lists
in the British Public Records Office (C. O. 5), except for:
1714-1717, Boston, and 1715-18, New York City, E. B. O'Cal-
laghen, ed., Documents Relative to the Colonial History of
the State of New York, vol. V, Weed, Parsons, and Com
pany, Albany, 1855, p. 618; 1733 and 1734, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania Gazette for those years; 1752, Port Hamp
ton, Francis C. Huntley, "The Seaborne Trade of Virginia in
Mid-Eighteenth Century: Port Hampton," Virginia Magazine
of History and Biography, vol. LIX, No. 3, July 1951, pp.
302-303; 1763 and 1764, New York, and 1765 and 1766, New
York, Boston, and Philadelphia, see source for series Z 35-42,
pp. 356-358; and 1768-1772, all ports, American Inspector Gen
eral's Ledgers, Public Records Office, London, Customs 16/1.
Where the classification in Documents Relative to the Co
lonial History . . . did not correspond to that used here, the
744
EXPORTS AND IMPORTS Z 76-125
necessary adjustments were made by reference to the Colonial
Naval Office lists (PRO C.0.5).
The colonial naval officers appointed to enforce the English
navigation laws as well as the collectors appointed by the
English Commissioners of Customs under the act of 1673
(25 Car. II c 7) were charged with reporting the entry and
clearance of ships as well as their cargoes. Many of the
copies of the naval office lists have survived from the 18th
century. When they have not, records of the names and
destinations of the ships (but not their tonnages) may be
obtained from the shipping news in the colonial newspapers.
Such data of entries and clearances provide the best rough-
and-ready index of the course of trade and its relative volume.
Although the figures concerning the entry of goods such as
molasses might be distorted by illicit trade, the severity of the
penalty (forfeiture) for failure to enter one's ship and the
difficulty of concealing the offense help to warrant the accu
racy of ship entry figures. Tonnage figures, however, present
a special problem. Ralph Davis in "Organization and Finance
of the English Shipping Industry in the Late Seventeenth
Century" (doctoral thesis, University of London, 1955) states
(pp. 476-479) that the tonnage as calculated when the English
Navy was contracting for the purchase of a vessel was 25 to
33 percent greater than the conventional "tons burden" re
corded in the customhouse books. Since the "tons burden"
figures for the same ship remain constant in the passbooks
and customs entries during the span of time here involved
(although not necessarily for all periods), the difference be
tween this purchase tonnage and the conventional tonnage will
ordinarily not affect use of the data shown here.
See also general note for series Z 1-405.
Z 76. Value and quantity of articles exported from British
Continental Colonies, by destination, 1770.
Source: David Macpherson, cited above in source for series
Z 21-34, vol. Ill, pp. 572-573, supplemented by American In
spector General's Ledgers, Public Records Office, London,
Customs 16/1.
Data do not include coastwise shipments as do the figures
in the American Inspector General's Ledgers (PRO Customs
16/1). Macpherson (see source for series Z 21-34) states
that he omitted fractional parts of the quantities but their
value is retained in the value column. Because of this and
an error which Macpherson saw but had no means of correct
ing, the value column may not be entirely comparable with
the quantity columns. The value figures are not the market
values (which Macpherson believes to have been higher) but
are the official customhouse values at the ports of exportation.
Customs 16/1 presents the quantities in all cases for a longer
time span, 1768-1772, but the data there are not so con
veniently totaled as in Macpherson.
See also general note for series Z 1-405.
Z 77-86. Coal exported from James River ports in Virginia,
by destination, 1758-1765.
Source: Howard N. Eavenson, The First Century and a
Quarter of American Coal Industry, Waverly Press, Inc., Balti
more, 1942, pp. 32-34, and WPA compilations (see general
note for series Z 1-405) of naval office lists at the University
of California.
These figures were compiled from the colonial naval office
lists by Eavenson. They represent only the years for which
records are complete in the case of both the Upper and Lower
James. Comparison with the colonial exports for 1768-1772
(compiled by Eavenson, p. 36, from PRO Customs 16/1) shows
that the James River shipments constituted the great bulk of
th° exports from the Thirteen Colonies. Out of a total of
2,798 net tons recorded, 1,220 net tons were shipped from the
Upper James, 180 from the Lower James, 1,100 from Nova
Scotia, 117 from New Hampshire, and only minor quantities
from other ports (which may have been used as ballast and
originally may have come from Great Britain).
Chaldrons were not converted into tons at the Newcastle
rate of 5,936 pounds equal to 2.97 net tons but on the
measure used after the Revolutionary War, a chaldron equaling
36 bushels or 1.44 net tons.
Z 87-107. Coal imported, by American ports, 1768-1772.
Source: American Inspector General's Ledgers, Public Rec
ords Office, London, Customs 16/1.
Chaldrons and bushels were converted to net tons as de
scribed in text for series Z 77-86.
The WPA compilations (see general note for series Z 1-405)
from the naval office lists show earlier entries of coal
in the several ports, from time to time. The great bulk came
from Britain, the remainder (except in the case of exports
from James River ports) apparently were transshipments, but
it is not until 1768 that records give a good cross section of
the traffic.
Z 108-121. Value of furs exported to England, by British
Continental Colonies, 1700-1775.
Source: Murray G. Lawson, "Fur—A study in English Mer
cantilism, 1700-1775," University of Toronto Studies, History
and Economics Series, vol. IX, University of Toronto Press,
Toronto, 1943, pp. 108-109.
As pointed out in the source, the fur trade is inextricably
interwoven with the manufacture of beaver hats. Thus, the
Hat Act of 1732 (5 Geo. II c 22) forbidding the exportation of
hats by any colony, combined with the enumeration of beaver
skins and furs in 1722 (8 Geo. I c 15), sought to protect the
English hat manufacturers. These series show the importance
to the English of their colonial supply of fur. Comparison of
these figures with those shown in series Z 21-34 will demon
strate the relative unimportance of fur in the colonial balance
of trade.
The source also specifies the different kinds and quantity of
fur England imported from the colonies and elsewhere, as well
as the quantity and value of the different markets of the
world—data given in even greater detail in the original tables
which Lawson has left with the WPA compilations at the
University of California in Berkeley.
See also general note for series Z 1-405.
Z 122-125. Indigo and silk exported from South Carolina and
Georgia, 1747-1775.
Source: Series Z 122-124, Lewis C. Gray, History of Agri
culture in the Southern United States to 1860, vol. II, Carnegie
Institution of Washington, D.C., 1933, p. 1024 (except 1766,
WPA compilations of colonial naval office lists, Public Records
Office, London, C. 0. 5; and 1768-1772, photographic copies
of the American Inspector General's Ledgers, Public Records
Office, London, Customs 16/1). Series Z 125, Lewis C. Gray,
cited above, vol. I, p. 187.
See also general note for series Z 1-405.
The data on indigo are reasonably complete. Although South
Carolina contemplated the production of indigo as early as
1672 little came of it, presumably because of the competition
from the British West Indies. When the British Islands began
to emphasize sugar rather than indigo, England had to depend
upon the French West Indies for her supplies of indigo until
South Carolina (thanks to the enterprise of Eliza Lucas) again
entered the field. The first successful crop in 1744 was
745
Z 126-222 COLONIAL STATISTICS
largely devoted to seed but South Carolina was soon exporting
in quantity. In due course, Georgia became a competitor but
British Florida did not enter the picture until late. Even
during the last 5 years of the colonial period British Florida's
production ranged only between 20,000 and 60,000 pounds
(Gray, cited above, vol. I, pp. 54 and 291-295).
The great bulk of indigo went to Britain (which wanted it
as a source of blue dye), not only because of its enumeration
in the act of 1660 (12 Charles II c 18), but also because of
the bounty England paid of 6 pence per pound (21 Charles
II c 30). However, Customs 16/1 and the WPA compilations
(see general note for series Z 1-405) show that minor quanti
ties went to other Continental Colonies. Gray's Carolina fig
ures, which were taken by him from an English source, appar
ently do not include coastwise shipments. This omission is
relatively unimportant since the coastwise figures for 1768-1773
(as shown in Customs 16/1) represented only 1.6 percent of the
total exports. The figures for Georgia (compiled by an Ameri
can customs official) include shipments coastwise as well as
to England—a matter of statistical significance as they con
stituted 5.1 percent of Georgia's total for 1768-1773.
Comparison of Gray's figures for 1747-1765 with those for
1768-1773 in Customs 16/1 suggests that Gray's figures are
not for Charleston and Savannah alone, as shown by his head
ings, but for South Carolina and Georgia. In the case of South
Carolina, the two series agree exactly in 1768, the one year
when we have figures from both sources. Since Gray's source
(British Museum, Kings Manuscripts, 206, f. 29) is the same
for the earlier years, 1747-1765, it seems probable that the
figures for these years also refer to South Carolina as a
whole.
Customs 16/1 does not conclusively answer the problem in
the case of Savannah. It shows for 1768-1772 that Savannah
was the only Georgia port exporting indigo except in 1772.
For this year, Gray's figures differ slightly from those shown
in Customs 16/1 for Savannah alone and also those for Georgia
as a whole. The decision to change the heading from Sa
vannah to Georgia rests upon the fact that Bernard Romans
(A Concise Natural History of East and West Florida, vol. I,
New York, 1775, p. 104) specifies Georgia rather than Sa
vannah.
Whether or not the figures are for Savannah or Georgia seems
statistically insignificant. In South Carolina, however, ports
other than Charleston provided 7.8 percent of that colony's
exports to England for 1768-1773. Whatever may be true of
Gray's figures, those given for 1768-1773 from Customs 16/1
do include all South Carolina ports and all of Georgia,
but the only figure available for South Carolina for 1766 (from
the WPA compilations) is for Charleston alone.
The figures on silk are from records compiled by the Georgia
Comptroller of Customs (Gray, cited above, vol. I, p. 187). See
also text for series Z 126-130.
Z 126-130. Silk exported and imported by North and South
Carolina, 1731-1755.
Source: Chapman J. Milling, ed., Colonial South Carolina,
University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, 1951, p. 104.
Despite vigorous efforts to encourage colonial silk produc
tion by both British and colonial governments, more silk moved
west than east across the Atlantic. Early figures gathered
by Gray (cited above for series Z 122-125, vol. I, pp. 184-187)
show that in 1654 Virginia reported the production of only
8 pounds; in 1656, 10 pounds (wound silk) ; in 1668, 300 pounds
(sent to Charles II, type unspecified) ; in 1730, 300 pounds
(raw), and that the Carolinas sent "several bales" to London
in 1710 and again in 1716. Georgia's first efforts succeeded
in sending only 20 pounds of silk to England in 1739. In
1741, she produced 600 pounds of cocoons (of which 16 pounds
made 1 pound of silk) as against 37 pounds of wound silk in
all the previous years of the colony. In 1749, the Salzburgers
(a religious colony of industrious peasants and artisans) alone
produced 762 pounds of cocoons and 50 pounds, 13 ounces, of
spun silk. In 1764, the Colonies' total product amounted to
15,212 pounds of cocoons. See also text for series Z 122-125.
The figures for the Carolinas (1731-1755) were taken from
British records and appear in Governor James Glen's Descrip
tion of South Carolina (Milling, cited above, p. 104).
Z 131-222. General note.
Iron was listed in colonial commerce as "pig iron" which
derived its name from the shape assumed by the molten iron
when poured from the furnace, after being separated from the
ore, and "bar iron" which consisted of malleable iron produced
in bloomeries or at the forge. Iron manufactures not specifi
cally described by name, such as anchors, axes, pots, nails,
scythes, etc., were listed as "cast iron" if poured into forms
and "wrought iron" if forged from malleable iron except in
the English Inspector General's records (PRO Customs 3)
where the term "wrought iron" seems to have included both
cast and malleable iron products.
The statistical picture of iron in the colonies can be recon
structed in part from data concerning iron works in the
colonies and in part from the records of colonial trade. The
beginning of this industry came early in the various American
colonies—in Virginia in 1622, Massachusetts in 1645, Connecti
cut in 1657, New Jersey in 1680, Maryland in 1715, Pennsyl
vania in 1716, and New York shortly before 1750. By 1775,
the colonies had at least 82 charcoal furnaces which produced
about 300 tons each, or a total of 24,600 tons, of pig iron and
more than 175 iron forges, some being bloomeries which made
bar iron directly from the ore. Most of them, however,
were refinery forges which used pig iron. Each of the 175
forges produced an average of 150 tons of bar iron a year,
or 26,250 tons in all. In addition, there were slitting mills
and other iron works.
Arthur C. Bining, in British Regulation of the Colonial Iron
Industry, cited below for series Z 131-135, p. 134, provides a
table comparing American production with the world total (see
text table I). These estimates include pig iron, cast iron
wares made at blast furnaces, and bar iron produced at
bloomeries directly from the ore.
Table I. Iron Production of American Colonies and the World
[In tang]
YearAmericanColonies
World
1800 45,00038,00030,00010,0001.500
400,000325.000210,000150,000100,000
1790 -._1775
1700
The figures shown in series Z 131-222 for the movement of
the various types of iron in commerce throw light on England's
efforts to encourage Americans to produce pig and bar iron
by freeing those products from import duties in England, and
to limit further manufacture by prohibiting the erection of
any new slitting or rolling mills, tilt hammer forges, or steel
furnaces (23 Geo. II c 29; 30 Geo. II c 16). Iron was not
added to the list of enumerated products which could only be
shipped to Britain (or another colony) until 1764 (4 Geo. Ill
c 15), and even then the law only forbade shipments to
Europe.
746
EXPORTS AND IMPORTS Z 131-222
Comparisons of colonial production with export figures will
help provide estimates of the home market, which can be re
duced to an approximate per capita base by reference to
series Z 1-19.
See also general note for series Z 1-405.
Z 131-135. Pig iron exported to England, by colony, 1723-
1776.
Source: 1723-1755, and, series Z 131 only, 1761-1776,
Arthur Cecil Bining, British Regulation of the Colonial Iron
Industry, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1933,
pp. 126-133; 1756-1760, and series Z 132-135, 1761-1776,
English Inspector General's Ledgers, Public Records Office,
London, Customs 3.
Basically, all the figures come from the Inspector General's
accounts although Bining obtained his from House of Lords
MSS., No. 185, and Harry Scrivenor, Comprehensive History of
the Iron Trade, Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, Lon
don, 1841.
J. L. Bishop, A History of American Manufactures . . .,
cited below for series Z 153-158, p. 625, gives an earlier figure
when he states that the first iron sent to England from America
was from Nevis and St. Christopher, followed in 1718 by 3%
tons from Virginia and Maryland. Series Z 131 is that of
Bining and, where possible, footnotes explain the reasons for
differences between his totals and those of the extended figures.
The customs records were stated in terms of tons, hundred
weights, quarters, and pounds, but they have here been
rounded to tons.
Z 136-142. Pig iron exported from American Colonies, by des
tination and colony, 1768-1772.
Source: American Inspector General's Ledgers, Public Rec
ords Office, London, Customs 16/1.
The difference in total exports given in series Z 136 for
Great Britain and that in series Z 131 for England should
reflect trade with Scotland except for the variation in terminal
dates and the lapse of time required to cross the Atlantic.
The trade, however, seems to have been minor. J. L. Bishop,
A History of American Manufactures . . ., cited below for
series Z 153-158, p. 628, gives figures showing that the pig
iron exported to Scotland totaled only 264 tons in the 10 years
from 1739 to 1749 and 229 tons in the 6 years from 1750 to
1756.
No figures are available for pig iron imported from England
by the colonies. Such imports were probably negligible.
Z 143-152. Pig iron imported by American Colonies from
other Continental Colonies, 1768-1772.
Source : See source for series Z 136-142.
In addition to the colonies shown, these series also cover
New Hampshire, New Jersey, Georgia, and Florida. However,
these colonies imported no pig iron for 1768-1772.
Z 153-158. Bar iron imported from England, by American
Colonies, 1710-1750.
Source: 1710-1735, J. L. Bishop, A History of American
Manufactures From 1608 to 1860, vol. I, Edward Young & Co.,
Philadelphia, 1861, p. 629; 1750, English Inspector General's
Ledgers, Public Records Office, London, Customs 3.
Shipments of bar iron from England to the Colonies declined
sharply in the last quarter century before the Revolution.
Figures are not available for 1736-1749 to determine when
the decline first became evident.
Imports were relatively few after 1750. The English and
American Inspector Generals' Ledgers show that New England
imported 6 tons in 1764, and again in 1769, and 1,053 bars in
1773. South Carolina imported 19 bars in 1770 and 3 hundred
weight in 1773.
Z 159-164. Bar iron exported to England, by colony, 1718-1776.
Source: 1718-1755, and series Z 159, 1761-1776, Bining,
cited above for series Z 131-135, pp. 128-133; 1756-1760, and
series Z 160-164, 1761-1776, English Inspector General's
Ledgers, Public Records Office, London, Customs 3.
The original sources show data in tons, hundredweights,
quarters, and pounds, but they have here been rounded by
Lawrence A. Harper (University of California) to the nearest
ton.
The source indicates that no bar iron was exported during
1710-1717 and for years which have been omitted in these
series.
Z 165-178. Bar iron imported by American Colonies from
other Continental Colonies, 1768-1772.
Source : See source for series Z 136-142.
Z 179-188. Bar iron exported by American Colonies, by des
tination and colony, 1768-1772.
Source : See source for series Z 136-142.
The difference in total exports given in series Z 179 for
Great Britain and those in series Z 159 for England should
reflect exports to Scotland, except for the variation in terminal
dates and the lapse of time required to cross the Atlantic.
According to J. L. Bishop, these exports were minor—only
11 tons from 1739 to 1749 (see text for series Z 136-142).
Z 189-202. Cast iron imported and exported by American
Colonies, by origin and destination, 1768-1772.
Source : See source for series Z 136-142.
Additional information may be obtained concerning imports
from England in the English Inspector General's Ledgers (PRO
Customs 3) and in the WPA compilations (see general note
for series Z 1-405) of the colonial naval office lists. English
exports to the Colonies list, in addition to the generic heading
"cast iron," such items as ordnance, iron pots, melting pots,
and Flemish iron pots. The WPA compilations show an
active coastal trade in pots as well as a surprisingly large
quantity of sugar pots and sugar molds going to Kingston,
Jamaica, especially from Philadelphia.
The figures for 1769-1771 may include some shipments from
Scotland but the amounts probably are negligible.
Source also indicates additional minor quantities of cast iron
exported to Southern Europe, Wine Islands, and West Indies.
Z 203-210. Wrought iron imported from England by Ameri
can Colonies, 1710-1773.
Source: 1710-1735, Bishop, cited above for series Z 153-158,
p. 629; 1750-1764, and 1773, English Inspector General's
Ledgers, Public Records Office, London, Customs 3; 1769-1771,
see source for series Z 136-142.
The figures for 1769-1771 may include some shipments
from Scotland but the amounts probably are negligible.
The American Inspector General's figures for 1768-1772
(PRO Customs 16/1) disclose no exports of wrought iron from
the Colonies to England, but the figures do show some ship
ments to the West Indies.
Z 211-222. Selected iron products imported and exported by
American Colonies, 1768-1772.
Source : See source for series Z 136-142.
Figures are probably underestimated since the items in
cluded may have been listed under more general designations.
The colonists were not necessarily dependent upon importation
747
Z 223-253 COLONIAL STATISTICS
but may have manufactured their own nails and other articles
from bar iron which was either home-produced or imported.
Since colonial imports of axes and scythes came so pre
dominantly from the other colonies, and steel and nails from
Great Britain, no note has been taken of the negligible impor
tations of these items from other sources.
Z 223-253. General note.
Colonial statistics concerning production and consumption of
tobacco have not been developed yet, and perhaps they can
never advance beyond the rough estimate stage. For the
present, only general deductions from export statistics and
other evidence can be made.
Figures for trans-Atlantic shipments of tobacco in the 17th
century leave much to be desired (see text for series Z 238-
240) but those for the 18th century are reasonably satisfactory.
The 18th century statistics of English imports rest upon con
temporary compilations from customhouse entries. The fig
ures for Scotland are less exact and in the early years they
do not rise above mere estimates. However, Scotland's to
bacco imports were relatively minor in those years. Fortu
nately, as their relative importance grew, the Scottish statistics
became more reliable.
British imports represented virtually all the colonial exports.
The figures given in series Z 223-229 and Z 230-237 give the
landed weight in Britain. Due to the tobacco's loss of moisture
while crossing the Atlantic, the landed weight in Britain is
about 5 percent less than the shipping weight in America
(Arthur P. Middleton, Tobacco Coast, the Mariners' Museum,
Newport News, Va., 1953, p. 104; Rupert C. Jarvis, Customs
Letter-Books of the Port of Liverpool, 1711-1813, the Chetham
Society, Manchester, 1954).
Unfortunately, the English Inspector General's Ledgers of
Imports and Exports (PRO Customs 3) do not differentiate
between shipments from Virginia and Maryland as do the
Scottish (PRO Customs 14) and the American (PRO Customs
16/1).
The validity of British statistics as a reflection of the Amer
ican tobacco trade depends, of course, upon colonial obedience
to the regulations requiring shipment (with minor exceptions)
of colonial tobacco to England (Britain after 1707)—at first
by royal order and after 1660 by the Navigation Act of 12 Car.
II, c 18.
Until the English drove the Dutch from New Netherland
(first in 1664 and finally in 1674) great opportunities existed
for illicit trade in America. The rules also appear not to have
been consistently enforced in Europe (see text for series
Z 238-240). In the 1680's there was a flareup of illegal
shipments to Ireland but it reflected a sudden change in the
law. The offending vessels were apprehended and the great
bulk of the Irish trade thereafter seems to have followed
legal channels. There were lurid accounts of smuggling to
Scotland at the turn of the century but the quantity of tobacco
involved should be viewed in proportion to the trade as a
whole. One cannot reasonably expect the illegal shipments at
that time to exceed the shipments made a decade later with
full sanction of the law. In fact, the illegal shipments pre
sumably were much less because Scotland as a whole at the
end of the 17th century had only one-fourth of the shipping
it had within 5 years after direct trade was permitted. The
Clyde ports, which were most concerned with the American
trade, had only one-tenth of their later shipping (L. A.
Harper, The English Navigation Laws, Columbia University
Press, New York, 1939, pp. 260-261). In view of this differ
ence in the shipping available, the volume of illegal trade
would seem not to have been more than 250,000 pounds, and
a comparison with series Z 223-229 shows that it represented
at most 1 percent of the tobacco crossing the Atlantic lawfully.
During the 18th century there was undoubtedly some smug
gling of tobacco but it does not seem likely to impair the valid
ity of the colonial import statistics. The illicit trader's greatest
profit did not lie in evading the provisions of the Navigation
Act but in escaping the high taxes laid on tobacco in England.
The most effective technique consisted in importing the tobacco
and reexporting it legally to a nearby port (such as the Isle
of Man) whence small craft could "run" it ashore again duty
free (for details, see Jacob M. Price, The Tobacco Trade and
the Treasury, 1685-1733 : British Mercantilism in its Fiscal
' Corrected figures. Figures shown in source for 1709-1718 incorrectly presentedas totals of components.
' For years ending Sept. 28.
757
Z 35-55 COLONIAL STATISTICS
Series Z 35-42. Value of Exports To and Imports From England by New York: 1751 to 1775
[In pounds sterling. For years ending December 24. Foreign manufactures "In time" are those which could receive a drawback (refund) of duties; "Out of time" are thosewhich could not. Outports are all ports in England other than London]
Year
Between New York and London
Exportsto
London
35
Imports from London
Englishmanufac-
36
Manufactures of othernations
In time
37
Out of time
Between New York and outports
Exportsto
outports
Imports from outports
Englishmanufac
tures
Manufactures of othernations
In time Out of time
41
17751774177317721771.
17701769176817671766
17651764176317621761
17601759175817571766
17551754175317521751
95,10649,38154,47658,74372,895
65,19238,58650,51035.50245,683
38,23328,92229,97817,73016,721
6,32810,0123,4429,82813,136
17,98721,28945,86638,48536,997
1,140250,728127,433183,663893,345
284,97348,991
299,481258,012184,866
217,488336,352133,444216,16589,631
387,839483,952263,290228,378169,234
114,45187,499199,578124,329124 , 190
5561,90869,94230,80966,842
45,4943,900
96,38157,58618,940
20,28837,48630,09423,35725,851
42,12459,80430,13643,14931,753
17,09713,50125,76921,84625,530
10,6124,20510,24623,031
15,2482,3258,11117,70547,374
81,31299,03234,14028,0917,103
18.06558,82643,94637,5229,478
4,1917,845
24,95128,91648,177
91,91230,62721,77123,96422,981
14,69134,88136,60625,92121,338
16,72724,77624,01141,15231,927
14,79711,67310,8199,34010,937
10,0675,3744,6872,1645,867
108.27171,470111,175158,764
119,45116,32772,48475,24958,024
42,28534,25038,02419,96218,449
28,62823,90316,15484,78031,311
14,75613,60016,82513,11833,191
335,67316,1667,688
11,588
10,5553,2306,1809,06718,285
19,9097,8372,828
4728,927
2,9954,3002,7728,8648,253
5255,05210,4185,213
17,072
746
39052
272146293339
3.341
1,06845930
455
256620
51
325613780
Series Z 43-55. Tonnage Capacity of Ships and Value of Exports and Imports of American Colonies, by Destination
and Origin: 1769 and 1770
(Value of exports and imports in pounds sterling. For years ending January 4 of following year]
1 Figures disagree with source used here (Macpherson); corrected to agree with Bum of components and with original source (PRO Customs 16/1).
758
SHIPS Z 56-75
Series Z 56-75. Number and Tonnage Capacity of Ships Outward and Inward Bound, by Destination and Origin:
1714 to 1772
[Prior to 1768, for years ending December 24, except aa noted; 1768-1772, January 4 of following year. In some yeara, detail will not add to total aince ships \counted twice; see text]
Destination or origin
1772
Number
Tonnage
1771
Number
Tonnage
1770
Num- Ton-ber nage
1769
Number
Tonnage
1768
Number
Tonnage
1765-66,tonnage 1
1755
Num- Ton-ber I nage
1764
Number
Tonnage
1714-17'
Num- Ton-ber nage
Outward bound 845 42,506 794 38 , 995
Great BritainIrelandEurope _AfricaBahama IslandsBermuda IslandsCaribbeanThirteen ColoniesOther American Colonies .
Inward bound _
571
115
81
178443141
852
Great BritainIrelandEuropeAfricaBahama Luanda
Bermuda IslandsCaribbeanThirteen ColoniesOther American Colonies.
1 Ending date of year unknown. For Boston, figures given in source for trade withthe remainder of Massachusetts do not follow pattern of other entries and are. therefore, not a component of total. Totals were not taken from source but represent sumof detail as shown in source.
* Annual averages for years ending June 23. For Boston, thenot equal the total shown since the total includes eni
1 Not available.4 For year ending January 4 of following year.
i of the detail does.tries for unknown ports.
759
Z 56-75 COLONIAL STATISTICS
Series Z 56-75. Number and Tonnage Capacity of Ships Outward and Inward Bound, by Destination and Origin:
Caribbean . 129 2,039 3,666Thirteen Colonies at 2,743
2542,826
56Other American Colonies 38 4 2 8
1 Ending date of year unknown.
760
EXPORTS AND IMPORTS Z 76-107
Series Z 76. Value and Quantity of Articles Exported From British Continental Colonies, by Destination:
[Value In pounds sterling, quantities in units as indicated. For year ending January 4 of following year. Includes Newfoundland. Bahamas, and Bermuda]
1770
Article
Total...
Foreign merchandise(mostlyfrom WestIndies)
Articlesshipped asAmericanproduce
Potash tons.Pearlash do.Spermaceti
candles—lb.Tallow
candles. ..do.
Coalchaldrons.
Castorium. - lbFish, dried
quintals.Fish,
pickled. _bbl.
Flaxseed bu.Indian com .do.
Oats doWheat doPeas and
beans do.Ginseng lbHemp cwt
Iron, pig ..tonsIron, bar doIron, cast ..doIron, wrought
tonsIndigo lb
Whale oil .tonsWhale fins, .lbLinseed oil
tonsCopper
ore doLead ore— do
Bread andflour do
Meal buPotatoes doBeef and
pork bbl
3,437,7151 (')
Value,total
Total'Great Ire
SouthWest
Britain landern
EuropeIndies
Africa
Value
81,555
3.356,160
35,19229,469
23,688
1,238
25
1,680
375.394
22,55135,16943,376
1,243131,467
10,0771,243
130
30,08936,961
33
167131,552
85,01319,121
488
854
(')
1,752,515 118.777 691,912 848,934 21,678
65.860 4,698 6,992 4,765
1, 686, 654'll4. 079:685, 920 844,179! 21,382
297
Quantity shipped '
1,178737
379,012
59,420
20
7,465
660,003
30,068312,612578,349
24,859•751,240
50,38374,604
86
6,017•2,470
2
8584,672
5,667112.971
168j
■11
504 , 553443127
66,035
45,868,4,430|3,382
(!)
1,173737
4,865
7.465'
22,086
1236,780
11,739
74,604;86
5,7472,102
584,593
5,202112,971
161
41
263
450
25305,083
150
14,167
1,630
351,625
57 , 550
20
431,386
307749 1
175,221
3,421149,985 588,561
1,046
26785
3,583
206,081
29 . 682
402^958
21.438955
49,337
175:
18,501
244
7,905
240
81
20
'273
2|
268
23,4494,430|3,382
1 2,870
72
439
Article
Butter lb
Cheese doNew England
rum ga!._Rice bbl..Rough rice .bu
loaflb
Raw silk —doSoap doShoes .pairs. .Ship stuff-.bbl.
Onions . .value.Pitch bbl.Tar,common.do. .
Tar, green -do .Turpentine -do.
Rosin. do.Oil of turpentine-]
doMasts, yards.
etc tons
Walnutwood ..value. .
Pine, oak, cedarboards ft. .
Pinetimber -tons..
Oaktimber—do. .
Housesframed
number . .Staves and
heading, -do. .Hoops do. .
21340
Value,total
,492933
BM693615
Shook hogsheads do
Cattle do. .Horses do.Sheep and
hogs do.Poultry—doz.
Furs value
Deer skins. .lb.Tobacco.value.Tallow and
lard lb.: do.
16
:m542
Id394
4952(10
427261
BOO
279
103
630
US
61X
405
Ml
3,260
7.14,60.
4,1 ,
9157
906
3s
Quantity shipped*
Total '
GreatBritain
10,6481541
86,5853.1497,964
(')9,144
81,422653
17.014
60074,073
541
H3532H
228
479177
4*675063 8
867426
41
3,045
m
42,756,306
11,011
3 , 874
1S3
20.546,3263,852,383
62,6783,184]6.692
12,7972,615
(')799,807
(')
185,143128,523
8,265
78,1161653
15,125
196
11
3,043
106
16,013,519
10,582
3,710
Ireland
7.931
9
329.741
60
10
4.921,020 2,828,76218,912
91,486799,622904,982
80062.794
SouthernEurope
45.310
36,296
600
650
7i327
117
486,078
64
10
1,680,4037,072
10,980
We»tIndies
167,31355,997
2.574• 40,932
8,200
8,548
Africa
300
292. 9B6
117
85,0353,14"
640
6,370
822
8,173
" 1,801
28
30
2
1,500
i'.bbb
35.922.168
315
144
50,629
163
116.141817.899
62.0993,1846,692
12.717
2,615
1,569
183,8931.820
57
134
8,500
30
K7
4502,400
1 Fractional quantities have been dropped; therefore, total may not equal sum ofmts. 1 Information needed to provide totals is not available,pt for a few items where value is shown.
* Figures disagree with source used here (Macpherson) ; corrected to agree with Iof components and with original source (PRO Customs 16/1).
* Quantity in tons of beef and pork.
Series Z 77-86. Coal Exported From James River Ports in Virginia, by Destination: 1758 to 1765
[In net tons of 2,000 pounds. For years ending January 4 of following year]
1 Savannah, Ga.f only. 1 For 6 H months ending Feb. 24.' Not available. * For 11 months ending Oct. 6.fi For year ending Nov. 11. s Plus 302 casks and 5 boxes.
' Plus 196 casks. 8 Plus 357 casks.» From Oct. 31, 1767, to Sept. 8, 1768, Charleston exported 530,092 pounds of indigo.
10 Figures given are for Charleston's exports, the only South Carolina port for whic*1data are available; other South Carolina porta averaged 7.8 percent of the colony's tot a
for 1768-1773.it For 9 1-2 months ending Jan. 5 of following year.a For year ending Mar. 24 of following year.
Series Z 126-130. Silk Exported and Imported by North and South Carolina: 1731 to 1755
[In pounds. For years ending December 24]
Year
Exportsof rawsilk
126
Imports of British silk manufactures
Silk,wrought
127
Silk with
128
Silk withinkle
129
Silk withgrosgrain
130
Year
Exportsof rawsilk
126
Imports of British silk manufactures
Silk,wrought
127
Silk withworsted
128
Silk withinkle
Silk withgrosgrain
Year
Importssilk mat
of British
Silk, Silk iwrought worsted
127 128
17551754..1753 ..1752..1751 ..
1750.1749.1748.1747.
6.5
.....
1184652
3,4162,6823,0273,3652,404
1,6191,7721,7721,313
2,6342,3002,2362,8601,933
1,2581,0661,6582,050
337374190218291
22374
155386
150
50
1746..1745..1744..1748..1742..1741..
18.5
341740.1739.
929544
1,0351,4271,5762,798
1,4541,273
590615
1,2961,2621,3502,452
1,492877
330184181122144440
340
1738.1737.1736.
1736.1734.1733.1732.1731.
1,111691
1,223
1,487943
1,015774970
1.177790516
9371,341892637
Series Z 131-135. Pig Iron Exported to England, by Colony: 1723 to 1776
[In tons of 2,240 pounds. For years ending December 24]
Year
1776.1775.1774.1773.1772.1771.
1770.1769.1768-1767.1766.
1765.1764.1763.1762.1761.1760.
1769.
1 IncludesNewfi
Total
'3162,996
'3,4522,938'3,725'5,303
4,2333,4022,9533,313'2,887
>3,2642,5542,666'1,7672,766•3,265
"1,596
VirginiaandMaryland
132
2081,4671,4581,5811,8792,624
1,5721,6161,718'2,0701,741
2,0711,8372,3251,7332,5123,1231,429
NewYork
133
431,0151,533984766778
1,031864620357648
564371108197651
103
Pennsylvania
385323209706
1,553
1,381634666786299
301307132
714961128
Other '
60130181isa364379
24828850
101
40
23
293012
Year
17581757175617551754175317521751
17501749174817471746
17451744174317421741
Total
'3,717'2,699'3,0113,4413,2452,7382,9793,210
2,9241,7592,1562,1571,861
2,2741,8623,0052,0753,457
VirginiaandMaryland
132
3,4482,4622,4682,1332,5912,3472,7622,950
2,5091,5752,0182,1191,729
2,1311,7482,8161,9263,261
NewYork
133
411157
201457116974133
7617221329
196
81
Pennsylvania
134
19580
234836513243156200
31816711526103
9TKM
S3144153
Other 1
25
'10815256120
27
21
2720
455
43
Year
1740.1789.1738.1737.1736.
1735.1734.1733.1732.1731.
1730.1729.1728.1727.1726.1725.1724.1723.
Total
275418359316729
5611M405333260
717132886484296137
VirginiaandMary-Land
132
2,0202,2422,1132,1202,458
2,3622,0422,3102,2262,081
1,527853643407263137202
Pennsylvania
Other I
159170228169271
19614795107169
1892742437733
9661827
iron exported from New England, Carolina, Barbados, Canada,
and Jamaica.
' Reason for discrepancy in total and sum of components is unknown.' 13 American Colonies only.
762
EXPORTS AND IMPORTS Z 136-164
Series Z 136-142. Pig Iron Exported From American Colonies, by Destination and Colony: 1768 to 1772
[In hundredweights. For years ending January 4 of following year]
Total
136
74,320610
22,688480
128,306
101,3161,280
'25,68030
Massachusetts
1,521
1,301
220
810
810
RhodeIsland
6,325
1,076
5,250
7,820
2,760
5,060
NewYork
139
26 , 755
15,585
11,170
15,770
10,300700
4,74030
Pennsylvania
9.408
8,840160
8400
30,886
29,986
900
Maryland
141
33 , 405
27,215150
6,040
45,245
30,005580
14,660
Virginia
142
20,684
20,304300
K0
27,455
Year anddestination
1770
Total .
Great Britain .IrelandContinental
ColoniesWest Indies...
1769
Total
Great Britain..IrelandContinental
Colonies
1768
Total . .
Great Britain.Continental
Colonies
Total
136
133,079
114,9445,350
12,72560
112,186
93,866930
17,390
' 71 , 194
•62,356
8,838
Massachusetts
137
I ,020
1,020
2.365
1.360370
635
1,077
1.077
RhodeIsland
138
6,957
8,697
3,260
5,980
2,310
3,670
2,220
1,820
400
NewYork
139
26,490
21,5151,250
3,725
23,795
14,96040
8,795
31,119
29,819
1,300
Pennsylvania
140
31,947
31,387560
21,896
21,676220
12,102
10,006
2,096
Maryland
141
35.150
25.8103,540
5,74060
24,830
20,240300
4,290
6.422
1,780
4,642
' Includes 320 hundredweights exported by Connecticut. 1 Includes 760 hundredweights exported by New Jersey.
Series Z 143-152. Pig Iron Imported by American Colonies From Other Continental Colonies: 1768 to 1772
[In hundredweights. For years ending January 4 of following year]
YearTotal
Massachusetts
RhodeIsland
Connecticut
NewYork
Pennsylvania
Maryland
VirginiaNorth
CarolinaSouth
Carolina
143 144 145 146 147 148 149 160 151 152
1772 25.76827,62514,12715,53512,447
5,6803,6402,7104,5551,654
9,6208,8753,4058,020
6201,4201,6401,340
4,7701,980740
8,2801.920
1605,5902,872
204. 528
4,91810,0402,7003,3203,660
1771 1,060 201770 - 60
17691768 360 430
Series Z 153-158. Bar Iron Imported From England, by American Colonies: 1710 to 1750
[In tons of 2,240 pounds. For years ending December 24]
Virginia
TotalNew
EnglandNewYork
Pennsylvania
andMaryland
Carolina
Year Year
163 154 155 156 157 158
1750.. 5 1 S321254
1 17181735 .. 218
363465488365
101263371413243
108905568
68
1717 .1734 17161733 2
36
2591732 1716
1731 102 11 17141713.
1730 . 250405
150338
9268
21
64
17121729 4 1710
Total
190207539
511419302326226
NewEngland
154
154141373
373279211282201
NewYork
155
343147
111984932
10
Pennsylvania
156
4910
82572
13
Virginia
M"arl- |Car°lina
land
157
27109
17
8852
Series Z 159-164. Bar Iron Exported to England, by Colony: 1718 to 1776
[In tons of 2,240 pounds. For years ending December 24]
Total
159
28916
'639'838'9662,222
1,7161,7801,9901,3261,258
1,079»1,069
•310
'110
NewEngland
946
7IS9
NewYork
361284498561
1,493
984861909401400
194241
89
Pennsylvania
114137
18
9820835734288
85272213
VirginiaandMaryland
163
28462244289382
709
598659712569744
689247234107
Other >
164
15
160133
Year
1761.1760.1759.1768.1757.1756.
1755.1754.1753.1752.1751.
1750.1748.1747.1746.1745.
Total
3912727335573181
89027124882
I
64831964
NewEngland
NewYork
161
192
127
Pennsylvania
162
329199101931
79110148
65
VirginiaandMaryland
163
3698
74341Sii48
2991549817
8
64
83193
4
Other 1
164
Year
1744.1741.1740.1736.1735.
1738.1780.1727.1726.1724.
1721.1720.1719.1718.
Total
159
5755
555
19817
15
413
VirginiaandMaryland
1 Includes bar iron exported from Antigua,as noted.
' Reason for discrepancy between total and' From Carolina.
Canada, Jamaica, Barbados, and others
sum of components is unknown.
4 From Pennsylvania.6 From New York.• From New England.
763
Z 165-202 COLONIAL STATISTICS
Series Z 165-178. Bar Iron Imported by American Colonies From Other Continental Colonies: 1768 to 1772
[In hundredweights. For years ending January 4 of following year]
1 Includes N.H., N.C., S.C.. Ga., and Fla. ■ Plus 10,627 bars exported to Great Britain and 166 bars to Ireland.
* Includes 40 cwt. exported through New Castle, Del. 7 Plus 730 bars.8 Plus 150 bars. ' Plus 11,664 bars.* Includes 134 cwt. exported through New Castle, Del. * Includes 45 cwt. exported through New Castle, Del. In addition to the 2,159 cwt.,1 Plus 42 bars. there were 2,125 bars exported.
10 Source states that 735 bars were exported to Southern Europe.
Series Z 189-202. Cast Iron Imported and Exported by American Colonies, by Origin and Destination: 1768 to 1772
[In hundredweights. For years ending January 4 of following year)
SeriesNo.
Origin or destination From other Continental Colonies
■ In addition, the following number of pots were imported: From other Continental ' In addition, the following number of pots were exported: Maas.-510, R.I.-116,
Colonies, 1770, N. H.-4, Mass.-20, Conn.-103, N. Y.-52, Pa.-130; from Great Britain, Con.-20, N.Y.-104, and 35 potash kettles from Mass.1771, Md.-2,432, N. C.-169, Ga.-150, FU.-4; 1770, N. H.-187, Maas.-12 pots and 250 1 Includes figures for New Castle, Del., as follows: Imports from other Continental
pounds, Md.-107; 1769, N. Y.-100, Pa.-231. Md.-34, Ga.-71, Fla.-2. Colonies. 1770, 1 cwt.; 1771, 40 cwt. Exports to other Continental Colonies, 1771, 3cwt.
764
EXPORTS AND IMPORTS Z 203-229
Series Z 203-210. Wrought Iron Imported From England by American Colonies: 1710 to 1773
[In hundredweights. For years ending December 24 except 1769-1771, January 4 of following year]
Year
1773...1771...1770...1769...1764...1758...
17501735173417331732
Total
203
56,98859,18619,75633,68529,72035,549
29,50823,84523,15522,64322,800
NewEngland
2,6344,2092,250
■2.907
6,2903,455
7,8846,5446,1927,105
NewYork
205
5,97211,4973,860
6204,8836,280
4,3842,1372,2911,6102,380
Pennsylvania
19,652
176' 1 , 5655,3038,687
4,7652,1023,1502.4202,208
VirginiaandMaryland
207
12,55438,5467,664
21,7344,86610,128
8,6849,7098,6418,8157,446
Carolina
208
12,155'3,2124,393'5,7737,9936.849
3,7333.353
2,8812,6932,168
Georgia
209
1.8551,0681,402•878
385
160
58
Florida
2.166'654
11'208
Yearor period
Total
203
1731..1730..1729..1718..1717..1716..
1715..1714..1713..1712..1710-
1711
26,75320,60416,35713,09715,70515,571
17,80214,34311,17613,729
10,309
NewEngland
9,7277,3807,3943,1103,8195,398
5,7964,6334,8835,345
4,597
NewYork
205
2,6282,7751,9041,3961,1451.094
1,3801,137986639
567
Pennsylvania
206
2,9462,629
851887
1,147963
988924
1,040540
VirginiaandMaryland
207
9.6826,3904,8666,7358,7287,446
8,9476,5982,8606,654
3,014
Carolina
1,7701,4801,342969866670
6911,0611.4071,561
1.143
1 Plus 5 casks and 4 cases. '-' Plus 15 caskB and 1 case. ' Plus 41 casks and 13 packs. 1 Plus 1 cask. 1 Plus 49 packs. 1 Plus 11 packs. 7 Plus 7 packs.
Series Z 211-222. Selected Iron Products Imported and Exported by American Colonies: 1768 to 1772
Imports
Wrought iron
Exports
Axes
YearWrought
ironAnchors Scythes Nails' Steel i Axes
Othercolonies
WestIndies
Anchors ScythesOther
coloniesWestIndies
211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222
Cwt.351513
'256"1.289
(')
Number68
'109'126■12
Dozens494
'340297
'102
(')
Cwt. Cwt. Number5,6037.1446,0636,6655,568
Cwt.301391
■•103
" 1,101» 162
Cwt. Number'8070
11 156
Dozens454
•640
Number6,8007,5747,4835,6062,688
Number2,6732,3851,9614,059
(')
1772 (5)m 47
163167
1771 6,668■22,283
»3,161
1,599'1,578•2,126
1770 3774001769. (")
(")1768.. («) tt (•) 279 (*)
1 Imported from Great Britain. * No listing.1 Plus 36 to West Indies. * Plus, from Great Britain, 15 in 1771.* Plus,' from Great Britain, 129 bundles in 1771 and 46 bundles and 1 dozen in 1769.* 30 dozen to West Indies.7 Wrought iron entry coastwise in source includes 43 cwt. of anchors which may not
have been included in number of anchors. Also, 27 anchors were imported from GreatBritain.
8 Plus 1,993 casks in 1770 and 84 casks in 1769 from Great Britain and 102 barrelsin 1770 from other colonies.
• Plus 4,030 bars, 12.5 faggots, and 36 long steel in 1770, and 1 bundle and 41 faggots
in 1769.10 Includes 110 cwt of anchors which have also been included in the number of
anchors.11 Wrought iron entry coastwise included 363 cwt. of anchors which may not have
been included in the number of anchors.15 Anchors only.u 15 anchors to Africa. All the wrought iron entries this year consisted of anchors.
" In addition to coastwise exports listed under wrought iron, 1 anchor went to theWest Indies.
Series Z 223-229. Tobacco Imported by England, by Origin: 1697 to 1775
[In thousands of pounds. For years ending December 24, except as noted]
Year
1775.1774.1773.1772.1771.
1770.1769.1768.1767.1766.
1765.1764.1763.1762.1761.
1760.1759.1788.1757.1756.
1755.1764.1763.1762.1751.
1750.1749.1748.1747.1746.
1745.1744.1743.1742.1741.
1740.1739.1738.1737.1736.
Total
223
55,96856,06755,92951,60168,093
39,18833,79735,55539,14543,318
48,32054,43365,17944,11147,075
52,34734,78243,96942,23233,291
49,08458,86762,68657,25045,979
51,33944,64850,69551,28939,990
41,07341,43456,76743,46759,449
36,00246,72440,12050,20837,904
VirginiaandMaryland
224
54,45854,78554,91550,66756,888
38,98633 , 55235,45739,09643 , 193
47,60053.66264 , 50041,86246,818
51,28334,66243,62341,64282,943
48,61057,97761,91356,59146,745
50,78544,19049,64660,76539,567
40,89741,11955,66642,83859,007
35,37245,86639,86849,94637,682
Carolina
225
8341,191964684
1,136
1902038844
114
704765647
2,226796
989120273369289
24183645183
182
123213932M7
81
35515558
70
49552
108
Georgia
109
7150135
86
81
Pennsylvania
46
10450
104
NewEngland
228
57
1 (')
14 24635 28568 60567 4
34 44712266 319107 124228
166159 31830 (!)
221 7
427 48305226154100 (')
Other '
229
51010
(')1634
44194
12
132
271311
596
73321
68
21782
a
(')
6115
2716
114
1011856841144
106
1262214
Year
1736. .1734..1733..1732..1731..
1730..1729..1728..1727..1726..
1725..1724..1723..1722..1721..
1720..1719..1718..1717..1716..
1715..1714..1713..1712..1711..
1710..1709..1708..1707..1706..
1705..1704..1703..1702..1701 ..
1700..1699..1698 '.1698 «.1697 •_
Total
223
40,06935,66340,08530,89141,695
35,08039,95142,58843,27532,311
21,04626,63429,29728,54337,292
34,52633 , 68431,84029,60028.316
17,81029,26421,59830,62328,122
23,49834,54728,97528,08819,780
15.66134,86420,07687,20932,189
37,84031,2638,478
23,05235,632
VirginiaandMaryland
224
39,81835.21639,85430,84741,194
34,86039,78542,32843.02632,159
20,96826,61229,25928.38336,949
34.13833,50331.74029,45028,305
17,78329,24821,57330,50228,100
23,36134,46728,71627,68419,379
16,57334,66519,45136,74931,754
37,16630,6418.359
22,73835.329
Carolina
(»)68
47
814
n
Pennsylvania
226
2503381692190
78161155225
142
661323140254
365177941028
18
117651848394
4786
313304270
398656722118
NewEngland
227
14
p)
m
41
421
47
112
41
2
19217
99
1136744
2316
NewYork
228
246
21
465
1
123297
27
Other <
229
18
62
9309
131
6103249
129710
1
10i
(')l8
9
611615
26121077
280
329519386120
23349643
283156
1 Includes Portugal and Madeira Islands, rest of Europe, Turkey, Africa, EastIndies, Antigua, Barbados, Bermuda, Jamaica, St. Kitts, and others and prize.
2 Less than 600 lbs. ' For Sept. 29-Dec. 24.' For years ending Sept. 28.
765
Z 230-240 COLONIAL STATISTICS
Series Z 230-237. American Tobacco Imported and Reexported by Great Britain: 1697 to 1775
[In millions of pounds. For years ending December 24 unless otherwise noted. Leaders denote no satisfactory data available. Outports are English ports other than London]
Imports
Total
230
10297
10097
105
7870696873
81819K
7173
8550706046
64798778
6452
5552675368
415345
England
Total
231
5656565158
3934363943
4854654447
5235444233
4959635746
5145515140
4141574359
364740
5038
London
232
383643
2724232627
2937472227
2818242219
2733873326
2621282919
2224332441
1931253225
Outports
233
181515
129
121416
2017182220
2416202014
2226252420
2623232321
1917241919
1716151913
Scotland '
Reexports
4641454547
3936332929
3326332726
3215261812
15202421
1312
14111110
9
575
Total
7479979487
7359
6763
6885656266
6450434638
45737469
5249
4351585254
424337
England
4445505041
33243136
3954413637
4032262826
3453504939
3344433932
3342474446
3538334132
Scotland i
237
3034464446
4035362630
2931242529
2519171812
10
202320
Year
1735.1734.1733.1732.1731.
1730.1729.1728.1727.1726.
1725.1724.1723 .1722.1721.
1720.1719.1718.1717.1716..
1715..1714.1713.1712.1711.
1710.1709..1708..1707..1706..
1705..1704..1703..1702..1701..
1700..1699..1698'.1697
Total
20
30
253630
Total
4036403142
3540434332
2127292937
3534323028
1829223128
35292820
1635203732
38312336
Imports
England
London
232
2624272029
2427292820
14182119
1512
25
2521
25181026
Outports
10111211
12131310
Scotland i
234
Reexports
Total
235
34
3338353231
1628242530
2119
15
England
1 For 1721-1731 and 1762-1754, for years ending Sept. 28; 1755-1775, years ending Jan. 4 of following year.' For years ending Sept. 28.
Series Z 238-240. American Tobacco Imported by England: 1616 to 1693
[In thousands of pounds. For years ending September 28 except 1637-1640, unknown; 1672-1682, December 24; 1690-1693, November. Leaders denote no satisfactory data
available. Outports are English ports other than London]
YearTotal London Outports •
Year
Total London OutportsYear
Total London Outports
238 239 240 238 239 210 238 239 240
1693 19,866.013,423.514,830.5
1679 12,983.014,455.011,735.011,127.010,539.0
1629.. 178.7652.9876.9333.1
89.0420.1335.3213.3
89.7132.81692 1678 1628
1691... _ 1677 1627 41. «119.81676 1626
1690 12,638.014,392.614,890.514,072.014,641.5
1672 17,559.0 7,020.01689. 1625 131.8
203.0134.661.673 8
111.1187.3119.459.473.8
20.716.615 22.2
1688. 28,385.627,567.028,036.6
13,495.013,495.013,495.0
1669 9,037.37,371.11,257.01,346.08,134.0
16241687 1663 1623
1686 1640 1622
1639 16211684 13,495.0
18,495.08,807.0
16381683 1620... 119.0
46.849.718.82.6
118.045.849.518.8
1.01682. 21,399.0 12,592.0
14,472.011,943.0
1637 1,537.0209.7360.6
16191681.. . 1631 272.3
468.2
62.597.5
1618 0.21680... 1630 1617 _
1616 2.3 0.2
766
EXPORTS AND IMPORTS Z 241-266
Series Z 241-253. American Tobacco Exported and Imported, by Origin and Destination: 1768 to 1772
tin thousands of pounds. For years ending January 4 of following year]
1 Coastwise exports for 1772 include 14,589 lbs. exported by Delaware; coastwise 1 Plus 5 pigtails,imports for 1769 include 224 lbs. imported by the Jerseys. * 5 pigtails.
Series Z 254-261. Tea Imported From England by American Colonies: 1761 to 1775
1 Includes exports from Florida in 1766, 91 cwt.; 1771, 64 cwt.;1 Not available.
1772, 1,200 cwt. > Year ending Sept. 28. Data for Sept. 29 to Dec 24, 1698, were 11 cwt. for Carolina
and 2 cwt. for Virginia and Maryland.
768
SLAVE TRADE Z 281-297
Series Z 281-293. Slave Trade, by Origin and Destination: 1768 to 1772
(For years ending January 4 of following year]
NewHampshire
Massachusetts
RhodeIsland
Connecticut
NewYork
Pennsylvania
Maryland
VirginiaNorth
CarolinaSouth
CarolinaGeorgia Florida
282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293
4 4 2 23194
17586827
2,1041.27179439
165 7,2016,1452,027
29463
32811769142
11
169
4 2 145 19150
44
22
20105
4 20 5 463
12 9 22719427622
76213
744
827
3,1002,051
99851
2971
758489148121
20
756
8
1 5687
20
1 1 1 5 28
1 6 1 1 296
123
5 28
69672
53251714111
906631274
115 1,144 181176
1031219145
8142886
83
875126143 r
1 13 227
1 13 15
4 66
10 20318023
493234258
1
16936795456
4,8884,138
67575
2983
68744891148
2761198275
4
4
10
11
28
4 295 28
1212
705911348
26
1414
1919
80128813141
13
354354
19817028141
13
2491876239
1,00197130615
56
2781301481199227
1
1 39
Year and origin or destinationTotal
281
1772
ImportsAfricaWest Indies.Continental Colonies
Exports --West IndiesContinental Colonies
1771
Imports—Africa
West IndiesContinental Colonies
Exports
West Indies...Continental Colonies
1770
ImportsAfricaWest Indies- -.Continental Colonies
Exports-West IndiesContinental Colonies
1769
Imports —AfricaWest Indies-Continental Colonies
Exports— -West IndiesContinental Colonies
1768
Imports -West Indies 1 --Continental Colonies
ExportsWest Indies-Continental Colonies
10,1656,6383,146
381495
8492
4,9702,7542,020
196341
3338
8,0692,266
60020314427117
6,7365,1611,222353336
9327
2,4962,204
292282107175
1 Includes Africa.
Series Z 294-297.
[For years ending December 24, except 1619-1699, unknown,
Slave Trade in Virginia: 1619 to 1767
Italic figures do not purport to be complete. For 1619 and 1727-1767, leaders denote zero except as noted;1621-1726, indicate no data available]
Year
17671766
17651764176317621761
1760 «...175817571756
1755'-.1754 «...175317521751 '...
1750174917471746
17451744174317421741
17401789
1738
Imported
Total
294
61lit
66967
1,1951,8101,581
1,158
Africa
295
(0108
(')922
1,0801,7871,470
1,15243
i
h1
565 456399 249tl (')
3,515 '3,5161,194 982
1,010 8492,338 1,826
t8 (')1,61,7 1 ,299
664 512672 486
1,428 1,8201,529 1,095947 687
1,646 9341,710 1,6231,101 839
Elsewhere
296
61
i
66
4511S23
111
643
41
10915021
212
161612SI*
Si8
142186108434260
71287
262
(')
Exported
0)
10s
9228
(')
(')
(')
(')
6S36
Year
1737..1736 '.
1735..1734..1733 '_1732..1731..
1730.1729.1728.1727.1726.
1725.1724.1723.1722.1721.
172017191710-1718'.
1709.1708.1707-1706.
1705-1704.1703 _1702.
Imported
Total
294
2,1743,222
t.lOi1,4871,720l,t91
181,
'276
i26
735
662
Africa
295
2,0443,166
1,798t,Ml1,2452,CM
ISO
'276
(')n
2,149
781464694239
1,960
1,3681,842233
326693713
1,013
1,639987156481
Elsewhere
296
13056
30635647568Si
(')4t
735
319
Exported
297
2635t
(')
tl
Hi(')
(■)
42455
lit
Year
1701.
1700.1699 <1687.1685.1684.
1679.1678.1677.1674.
1665 «.1662 «.16561652 «_
1649 «.1648 «.1642 «_
1639 «_1638 <_1687 «.1636 <_1636 <_
1628..1623..1622..1621..1619..
Imported
Total
3i9
"til'
5980307
1718
1
4630287
26
100111
21
Africa
796
229
ltO'190
34
OSltO
'150>650
Elsewhere
296
21
1 Information lacking or too incomplete to calculate.' Figures have been extended on basis of partial data.'Annual average. Source alBO shows 72 Indian slaves imported; 231 slaves died
and 103 drawn back for exportation during the 9 years.
' Number of head rights granted.
' Number of Negroes shipped, not those actually arrived.
769
Z 298-307 COLONIAL STATISTICS
Series Z 298-302. Slave Trade in New York: 1701 to 1764
[For years ending December 24, except 1701-1718, unknown; 1754-1764, January 4 of following year]
1764176817541748
174317421741
17401739178817371736
17351734173317321731
1730172917281727
Imported
Total
3520565
■10
71455
5610011899"13
12152
257'139'309
165211130221
Africa
19665
100>0
'130
Continental
Colonies
2111
»2
71143
301
359
10
71248
5289649613
11961
156138
•177
168200126218
Exported
302
41'0
■0
'0'0
Year
172617251724172317221721
17201719171817171716
1715171417121711
1710
17051704170317021701
Imported
Total
1762116410196
205
7710451733462
55537755
53
248
1616536
Africa
59
ContinentalColonies
3268
1
117
7026fi43
38
7755
53
24
11
301
14414656
1009686
661044476819
1753
Exported
816
165
4'8
1 Partial year.' Figures have 1
1 Not available.i extended on basis of partial data.
Series Z 303. Slaves Imported Into Charleston, S.C.: 1706 to 1773
[For years ending: 1706-1724, unknown; 1725-1726, September 28; 1727-1751, December 24; 1752-1772, October 81; 1773,purport to be complete)
September 27. Italics indicate figures do not
Year Number Year Number Year Number Year Number Year Number Year Number
1773.1772.1771.
1770.1769.1768.1767.1766.
1765.
8,0504,8653,079
1494,612
■ 178
' 121 101
7,184
1764.1763.1762.1761.
1760.1759.1758.1757.1756.
8,057 17551,145 1754
602 17531,395 1752
3,4491751
1,879 17503,177 17491,438 17391,952 1738
1.4362,5321,3981,572
831
44272
9962,654
17371736
17851734173317321731
17271726
1,7813,176
2,5161,719
1901,0031,775
6581,751
17251724172317221721
17201719171817171716
433604436323165
60154152967867
17151714171317121711
17101709170817071706
8141915976170
131107
1 Prohibitive taxes limited importation.
Series Z 304-307. Pitch, Tar, and Turpentine Exported From Charleston, S.C.: 1725 to 1774
[In barrels. For years ending October 31. Leaders denote no data available!
Pitch
304
Tar
305
Turpentine
Tar(green)
307
YearPitch
304
TarTurpen
tine
306
Tar(green)
307
YearPitch
304
Tar
305
870821
4,1257,429
4,1335,2566,94812,339
8,7517,4596,0876,3156,626
5,7547,8132,521
1,1761,2362,7282,259
8271,2781,4542,232
2,1838,0931,2651 ,2441,438
8862,2361-.720
1 Data for only 4 months.1 Data for only 7 months.> Data for only 10 months.
1.3941,043864
1,363
1,3353,2015,7613,787
6531,6433,0421,4384,874
2,4201,333937
3962,9951,142
2,1113,849
39265
411
97405328
1757'1756 1
1755.1754.1753.1752.1751.
1750 '1749.1748.1747.1746.
1745.1744.1748.1742.1741.
4,9623,0585,86911,02515,22020,48311,441
11,1577,7965,521
13,73718,016
8,8237,6789,75515,80811,831
2,1032,7112,5962,2956,0082,6516,070
3,8583,7653,0754,4221,519
1,28617 , 5522,2063,1151,811
3371,1952,1715,3756,4966,2711,401
8121,5822,3975,1624,262
9881,2452,0121,9861,691
3971,070
547369
17401739173817371736
17351734173817321731
173017291728172717261725
* Data for only 11 months.' Data for only 9 months.
11,3777,89016,08811,98711,736
24,03628,87418,16532.5939,385
10,8258,8778,18613,65429,77657,422
2.4362,7226,4178,5011,491
5,6367,3366,6044,6751,725
2,0143,4412,26910,9508,3222,333
770
TIMBER—WHALING—WAGES Z 308-335
Series Z 308-313. Timber and Timber Products Exported From Charleston (S.C.) and Savannah: 1754 to 1774
[Charleston, (or years ending October 31; Savannah, unknown. Leaders indicate no data available]
1 Charleston data only for 4 months. * Charleston data only for 11 months.' Charleston data only for 7 months. 1 Charleston data only for 9 months.1 Charleston data only for 10 months.
Series Z 314-317. Number of Vessels Engaged in Whaling, and Quantity and Value of Oil Acquired, Nantucket,
Mass.: 1715 to 1789
[Year ending date unknown. Leaders indicate no data available]
NumberTons
burden,eachvessel
OilNumber
Tonsburden,eachvessel
OilNumber
Tonsburden,eachvessel
Oil
Yearor period
ofvessels Barrels
Value 'Year
ofvessels Barrels
Value 'Year
ofvessels Barrels
Value '
(£>(£) (£)
314 315 316 317 314 315 316 317 314 315 316 317
1787-1789 36162819
113 12,060 1770 •125
11975-110 "14,331
19,1401763... 60
7880
9,2389,44012,000
1785 0)6,4002,260
e> 1769 17621784... 14,500
16,2801768 ... •125
10875 '15,439
16,5611756 75 27,600
1783 1767 .1748 60
256
50-7538-50
38
11,2503.700
600
19,6483,200•1,100
1772-1775.. 15098115
90-180 30,0007.82512,754
167,000 1766 11810172
11.96911,51211,983
1730..1772.. 1765 17151771 1764
1 £, pound sterling. See source for value per ton. 1 Different figures are quoted by the source (p. 233) from the Massachusetts His-2 Ships still at sea at time of reporting. torical Society Collection.
* Includes the value of 11,000 pounds of whale bone.
Series Z 318-329. Daily Wages of Selected Types of Workmen, by Area: 1621 to 1781
[£, pound sterling; a., shilling; d.. pence. Pay in local currency; not comparable from colony to colony. Leaders indicate no data available]
Masonsand
bricklayers
With board furnished
Joiners Masonsand
bricklayers
Without board furnished
JoinersYear and area Carpenters and
riggersCoopers Tailors Laborers Carpenters and
riggersCoopers Tailors Laborers
318 319 320 321 322 323 324 32.-> 326 327 328 323
£s. d. £«. d. £ d. £«. d. £«. d. £*. d. £«. d. £«. d. £.. d. £». d. £«. d. £s. d.2-048-08-0
Virginia, 1781 5-072-0
5-073-0
5-0 5-01 17-0-0Providence, 1779 72-0
5-03 to 5-0
Rhode Island, 1776... '3-0 5-0 6-6 5-04-0
•2-8
2-02-6
South Carolina, 1710
2-08 to 5-0
2-02-02-62-04-0
6-02-02-02-6
5-01-8
(,) .1-8
New Haven, 1641 2-02-62-05-0
18New Haven, 1640
3
Massachusetts, 1633. 14 14 144-0
122-0
8
u 4^0Virginia, 1621 3-0 3-0 8-0 2-0 3-0
' Per suit. ' For 32-gal. barrel. • Is. 3d. to 2s.
Series Z 330-335. Daily and Monthly Wages of Agricultural Laborers in Maryland: 1638 to 1676
{»., shilling; d., pence. Leaders indicate no data available]