Historic Architecture in Kansas

PowerPoint Presentation“…In old buildings we glimpse the world of previous generations”
~ Stewart Brand, How Buildings Learn
Background
• Earliest permanent settlement in eastern Kansas
• Much of Kansas did not develop permanent settlements until after the Civil War.
• Development of railroad brought new types of building materials.
• Pattern books emerge
• Architecture emerges as a field of study in American universities
First Buildings - Log
First Buildings - Stone
First Buildings - Stone
• Decorative Gables – Vergeboards
• Pointed Arch windows
Architectural Styles Gothic Revival (1840-1880)
Natoma Presbyterian Church – Osborne County (c. 1898) St. Joseph’s Catholic Church – Geary County (c. 1910)
Gothic Revival (1840-1880)
Collegiate Gothic - later
Second Empire (1855-1885)
Second Empire (1855-1885)
Tremont Hotel – Fort Scott, Bourbon County (c. 1871)
Charles Duncan House – Lawrence, Douglas County (c. 1869)
Architectural Styles Italianate (1840-1885)
supported by brackets • Tall narrow windows
– Commonly arched – Curved window crowns
• Some have a square cupola or tower
Gold Dust Hotel – Fredonia, Wilson County (c. 1884-1885)
Architectural Styles Italianate (1840-1885)
Architectural Styles Stick Style (1860-1890)
• Steeply pitched, gabled roof – Usually with Cross Gables
• Wood Wall Cladding interrupted by patterns of horizontal, vertical or diagonal boards (stickwork)
Potwin Neighborhood Residence – Topeka, Shawnee County
Architectural Styles Queen Anne (1880-1910)
• Irregular Shape • Steeply-pitched roof • Usually a dominant
front-facing gable • Various wall
one-story, porches Potwin Neighborhood Residence – Topeka, Shawnee County
Architectural Styles Queen Anne (1880-1910)
Market Street Cottage – Wichita, Sedgwick County (c. 1888) Holyoke Cottage – Wichita, Sedgwick County (c. 1888)
Architectural Styles Queen Anne – Free Classic (1890-1910)
Carlgren House – Courtland, Republic County (c. 1904)
Smith House – Wellington, Sumner County (c. 1896)
• Queen Anne house form • Simplified details • Classical columns &
elements
• Asymmetrical façade with irregular roof
• Intersecting gables and multi-level eaves
Architectural Styles Shingle Style (1880-1910)
W. W. Finney House – Emporia, Lyon County (c. 1908)
Architectural Styles Shingle Style (1880-1910)
Francis White House – Manhattan, Riley County (c. 1891) Wynkoop House – Highland, Doniphan County (1912)
• Round-Topped Arches occurring over windows, porch supports or entrance
• Masonry walls usually with rough-faced, squared stonework
• Some have round towers with conical roofs
• Asymmetrical
427 Main – Seneca, Nemaha County (c. 1889)
Architectural Styles Folk Victorian (1870-1910)
• Victorian decorative detailing on simple folk hosue forms
• Porches with spindlework and Victorian details
• Cornice-line brackets • Side gabled; gable-front-
and-wing; gable-front • One or two stories
Architectural Styles Folk Victorian (1870-1910)
Foster House – Gardner, Johnson County (c. 1893)
Architectural Styles Early 20th Century Styles
Colonial Revival
(pediment) – Pilasters – Fanlights &
light window sashes
• Often side-gabled • Gambrel roof
106 Naroma Court – Abilene, Dickinson County 805 Spruceway - Abilene, Dickinson County
Architectural Styles Neoclassical (1895-1950)
• Façade dominated by full-height porch with roof supported by classical columns
• Symmetrical • Centered Door
Architectural Styles Tudor Revival (1890-1940)
• Steeply pitched roof • Side gabled
– Façade dominated by one or more prominent cross gables
• Decorative Half- Timbering
chimneys Deerfield Texaco Station – Deerfield, Kearny County (c. 1917)
Architectural Styles Tudor Revival (1890-1940)
Shoemaker House – Topeka, Shawnee County (c. 1925) Powell House – Wichita, Sedgwick County (c. 1920s)
Architectural Styles Beaux Arts / French Eclectic (1885-1930)
•Wall Surfaces with decorative garlands, floral patterns and shields
•Façade with quoins, pilasters and columns
•Masonry Walls
•Symmetry
•Roof: Flat or low- pitched AXA Building – Leavenworth, Leavenworth County (c. 1905)
Architectural Styles Beaux Arts / French Eclectic
AXA Building – Leavenworth, Leavenworth County (c. 1905)
Architectural Styles Prairie Style (1900-1920)
• Low-pitched roof, usually hipped
lines • Indigenous American Style
Allen House – Wichita, Sedgwick County (c. 1919)
Hatcher Hospital – Wellington, Sumner County (c. 1916) 1113 Antelope – Scott City, Scott County (c. 1967)
Architectural Styles Prairie Style (1900-1920)
Architectural Styles Foursquare • House form
• Wide overhanging eaves • Detailing can take on any
number of popular early 20th century styles including Craftsman, Classical Revival, Colonial Revival
Architectural Styles Craftsman (1905-1940)
• Wide unenclosed eave overhang
• Columns / pedestals supporting front porch
• Bungalow form • Originated in Southern
California Loomis-Parry House – Augusta, Butler County (c. 1917)
Residence – Topeka, Shawnee County
Architectural Styles Craftsman (1905-1940)
• Flat roof • Horizontal Emphasis
• Typically asymmetrical • Art Deco includes
more zig-zags & geometric patterns
Architectural Styles Art Moderne (1920-1940)
Ablah House – Wichita, Sedgwick County (1939)
Architectural Styles International Style (1930-present)
• Flat Roof • Windows set flush with
the outer wall – Metal casements
• Smooth, unornamented wall surfaces with no decorative detailing at doors or windows
• Often asymmetrical 201 Elm Street – Cottonwood Falls, Chase County (c. 1950)
Architectural Styles Minimal Traditional (1940-1955)
• Post WWII - shift away from historical styles
• Loosely based on Tudor forms
• Little ornamentation
• Shift towards automobile culture
Spanish Colonial, borrowed some Craftsman and Prairie elements
• Asymmetrical • One Story • Moderate or wide eaves • Wood or Brick cladding Woodburn House – Wichita, Sedgwick County (c. 1955)
McLean House – Wichita, Sedgwick County (c. 1955)
Architectural Styles Split-Level (1960-1980)
• Horizontal lines • One wing has a second
story
• New materials and forms
Architectural Styles Mid-century Modern
809 Main Street – Hays, Ellis County
Architectural Styles Mid-century Modern
Architectural Styles Mid-century Modern
Architectural Styles Mid-century Modern
Oral Roberts University – Tulsa, OK
“…In old buildings we glimpse the world of previous generations”
~ Author Steward Brand, How Buildings Learn
Why Preserve?