Hist 19 The History of Mexico - professormgvaladez.com · The Golden Age 1950-1973 ... jP-v5K_s . Writing Assignment #2 • Explain the Cold War. How did the Cold War

Welcome to

History 06

History of the Americas II

Prof. Valadez

• Week 14

• Review Cold War

• Internalization of Cold War politics: Military Dictatorships

• 1980s Regan, Colombia & the Drug War

• Neoliberalism & the Rise of the New Left

– Writing Assignment 2 on Cold War Today

– Paper Due Dec. 4 Friday at 11:59 pm to turnitin.com

– Week 15

– Quiz 5

2

Article for Discussion

Clarify the historical context (author and audience, date, central issue) of the primary source.

1.What is the title of the primary source?

2.Explain the historical context of the primary source.

a. When was the document written? b. Who is the author?

c. Who is the intended audience?

d. What is the central issue?

e. What does the document tells us about the historical era?

3. What is the author’s background or position in society?

4. What is the author’s bias? What does the author feel strongly in favor of or strongly against?

3

Writing Assignment #2

• Explain the Cold War. How did the Cold War influence hemispheric relations in Latin America. (Make sure to include a discussion on the U.S. involvement Guatemala, Cuba, and Chile).

• Do you agree or disagree that communism posed a threat to U.S. security in the hemisphere through out the 20th century?

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5

Origins of the Cold War

– The only power that could rival the United States was the Soviet Union.

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The Roots of Containment 1946

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• The Cold War • 1st confrontation took place in?

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• The Truman Doctrine

– CIA 1947

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• The Marshall Plan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fynse04CsTU

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• The Reconstruction of Japan

– Zaibatsu – http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/USA-Update/2015/0720/Mitsubishi-apologizes-for-using-American-WWII-POWs-as-forced-labor

– http://www.cnn.com/2015/09/18/asia/japan-military-constitution/

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– Mao Zedong & Communists control China in 1949.

– Chiang Kai Shek goes to Taiwan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZ7LuE3J8Zc

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– In 1949

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• The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

• Warsaw Pact

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McCarthyism

– Campaign to rid the of U.S. of communist infiltrators

• Anticommunist Politics

– The McCarran-Walter Act of 1952

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Chavez Ravine

• 1940s communities of La Loma, Palo Verde, and Bishop

• Baby boomers

20

The Golden Age 1950-1973 – USA economy 1950s

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mctiO5FWWWI 9 mins

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Figure 24.1 Real Gross Domestic Product Per

Capita, 1790–2000

Consumerism

The frozen TV dinner was introduced

and marketed in 1954.

Brasilia 1960

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Population Growth

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1952 University City

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Torre Latinoamericana 1956

1951 Pan-American Highway

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1963

• Fun in acapulco • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdTaZlGUPu4&feature=related

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World Cup 1950

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Guatemala 1954

• 1944 Jose Arevalo reforms against UFC

• 1951 Jacobo Arbenz , more radical

• 1954 Castillo Armas with CIA overthrows govt

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pZ0OePIzOsw 1954-1990

1-10mins Guatemala

Fulgencio Batista

Fidel Castro Ernesto Che Guevara

The Election of 1960

34

Kennedy & the World

• 1959 Cuban Revolution

• 1960-61 Bay of Pigs & Missile Crisis • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FO5YZoL66LI 1-30

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Obama-Castro Meeting Panama 2014

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Liberation theology

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–moves toward the political center

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– Nixon visited China in 1972.

– Nixon then went to Moscow

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President Nixon and Brezhnev

Chile • 1970 Salvador Allende, president • 1973 military coup; Allende killed • Augusto Pinochet, dictator,

military government 1974-1990

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pZ0OePIzOsw

Start 14 mins-28mins

Gustavo Diaz Ordaz 1964-1970

• 1964 Border Industrialization Program

1968

Tlatelolco Massacre • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-nojqMQi70&feature=relmfu

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Mexico World Cup 1970

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Internalization of Cold War politics: Military Dictatorships

Military dictatorships

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1976-1983 Dirty War (state terrorism)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=143_dvp6mwQ

Military dictatorships

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• 1964-1985 military dictatorship

• 1973 military coup; Allende killed • Augusto Pinochet, dictator,

military government 1974-1990

• Ford as President

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• The Decline of Manufacturing

• “Stagflation”

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Oil Embargo 1973

The World Trade Centre under construction 50

Figure 26.2 Real Average Weekly Wages, 1955–

1990

• Human rights central to foreign policy

51

• What images or ideas do you associate with the 1980s?

• Text 179913 and your message to 37607

52

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXGjP-v5K_s 1-20

• Freedom • Reagan made conservatism seem progressive.

• Reaganomics

– Reagan’s tax cuts

Map 26.1 The Presidential Election of 1980

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• The Problem of Inequality

Figure 26.3 Changes in Families’ Real Income,

1980–1990 54

• Reagan and the Cold War

– Soviet Union as an “evil empire” and sponsored the largest military buildup in American history.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXGjP-v5K_s

50-105 min

57

Hollywood joined enthusiastically in the revived

Cold War http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_I4WgBfETc

XM 9.2

– Guatemala Civil War 1960-1996

• El Salvador Civil War 1980-1992

• 1970s FMLN Farabundo Marti Liberacion Nacional

• Nicaragua 1979-1990

• Sandinistas, socialist party – Augusto Sandino

• Contras

The Iran-Contra Affair 105 min https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXGjP-v5K_s

Writing Assignment #2

• Explain the Cold War. How did the Cold War influence hemispheric relations in Latin America. (Make sure to include a discussion on the U.S. involvement Guatemala, Cuba, and Chile).

• Do you agree or disagree that communism posed a threat to U.S. security in the hemisphere through out the 20th century?

62

1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act

• About 2.4 million undocumented workers were granted legal status.

63

• Reagan and Gorbachev

• Reagan’s Legacy • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXGjP-v5K_s 118

64

• The Crisis of Communist world

– The Tiananmen Square 1989.

– 1989 Berlin Wall falls.

– Germany reunified in 1990.

– Fall of the U.S.S.R. 1991

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Map 27.1 Eastern Europe After the Cold War 66

Globalization 1989–2000

67

1990s Wal-Mart largest employer

Manufacturing jobs Service sector jobs

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• What is Neoliberalism?

• What are some examples of neoliberalism in Latin America.

• Where do we see conflicts emerge because of these neoliberal policies?

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Neoliberalism

– Chile was a neoliberal success story

• Advised by “Chicago Boys”

Neoliberalism • Liberalism returned

– Neoliberals emphasized free trade, export production

• Neoliberals embraced free market and rejected nationalism

• Free trade agreements • North American Free Trade Agreement (1994)

• Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay (MERCOSUR)

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Mexico 1988 Presidential Election (caída del sistema)

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1988 -1994 Carlos Salinas de Gortari

• Neoliberalism

• Privatization

• Amendments to Constitution 1917

– Religion Article 130

– Land Article 27

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Ejercito Zaptista de Liberacion Nacional (EZLN)

• January 1, 1994 Uprising in Chiapas

– Justice for indigenous & autonomy

– Against NAFTA

• Sub-Comandante Marcos • http://www.journalofamericanhistory.org/projects/mexico/zapmanifest.html

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Peru

• Transition to civilian rule in the 1980s

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Brazil’s Racial Democracy

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• The Crisis of Communism

– The Tiananmen Square demonstration in 1989.

– 1989 Berlin Wall falls.

– Germany reunified in 1990.

– Fall of the U.S.S.R. 1991

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Globalization 1989–2000

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Americanization of Mexico

• Expansion of U.S. multinational chains

– 1985 McDonalds in Mexico City

– 1992 Taco Bell in Mexico City, 2007 Monterrey

– Wal-Mart by 2005 710 stores

– 2011 “El buen fín” = Black Friday

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New Left since the 1990s

Brazil: Luis Inacio Lula: 2002, 2006

Venezuela: Hugo Chavez: 1988,2006

Bolivia: Evo Morales, 2005, 2009

Argentina: Nestor Kirchner 2003, Christina, 2007

Mexico 2006 (Left Lost)

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New Left

• Hugo Chavez • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvjIwVjJsXc

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