Highlight or underline- New cells formed in the meristems of a plant are similar in appearance and function Some must remain meristematic Most mature.

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• New cells formed in the meristems of a plant are similar in appearance and function

• Some must remain meristematic

• Most mature and become other tissues

Plant Tissues

• Highlight or underline- Tissues may be classified• I Meristems• II Permanent

– A Dermal- surface– B Ground

• Parenchyma• Collenchyma• Sclerenchyma

C Vascular• Xylem• Phloem

Plant Tissues

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• A simple tissue is composed of only one cell type.

• Complex tissues contain more than one cell type

Plant Tissues

Meristematic Tissue

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Apical meristems are located at the tips of stems and roots.

The activity of these meristems results in an increase in plant length.

This is primary growth

The resulting tissues are called primary tissues

Meristematic Tissue

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Lateral meristems are found near the periphery of stems and roots and are responsible for increase in diameter.

This is know as secondary growth and secondary tissues

Questions 4a and b

Guard Cells Bean shaped

Others?

Surface Tissues

Observe and answer questions 4 a and b.

Observe and answer Question 5a and b

Other epidermal cells

Questions 6 and 7

7. The guard cells regulate the size of stomata. As a result they control gas exchange and water loss

6. Protects against __?__ loss

Question 8

Clue: how many kinds of cells are present?

Figure 2.9 Lower Epidermis

Epidermal

Periderm or cork

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Periderm replaces the epidermis on plants with active lateral meristems.

Cork cells fit tightly together and are dead at maturity.

Simple Fundamental Tissue

Collenchyma

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Collenchyma is a simple tissue with irregularly thickened cell walls

Collenchyma

Answer Question 9

Parenchyma

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Parenchyma is the most common kind of simple tissue. It makes up the bulk of the herbaceous (non woody) plant body.

Parenchyma

Sclerenchyma

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Sclerenchyma cells have thick secondary cell walls and are dead at maturity

In contrast to collenchyma has evenly thickened walls

Sclerenchyma

Question 11

Very thick walls

Sclerenchyma

Sclerenchyma Fibers Figure 2.11

Question 12

Sclerenchyma Parenchyma Collenchyma

Figure 2.12

Important Note:

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Parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma are basic cell types that often form simple tissues. Frequent references will be made of these three tissues. Know their characteristics and main functions.