Higher & Intermediate 2 PE Information Processing System.

Higher & Intermediate 2 PEHigher & Intermediate 2 PE

Information Processing Information Processing SystemSystem

How does your brain work?How does your brain work?

http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/java/ready.html

Memory testMemory test14097800741409780074

http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/puzmatch.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xtm0bZA0JeY&feature=related

How many can you recall?How many can you recall?

Why?Why?

Why Important?

Why important?

Key to becoming automaticAdjustments are made based on the info we receive.Helps us to identify factors limiting success.Results in a quicker motor response.

Processing InformationProcessing InformationWhen we are When we are developing skills developing skills we have to we have to consider how consider how learning takes learning takes place.place.

Decisions…. Decisions..!Decisions…. Decisions..!

What we ‘see’ as What we ‘see’ as required in a game required in a game determines what determines what we DO.we DO.

Your brain is like a computer handling Your brain is like a computer handling all the information it receivesall the information it receives

There are different types of input:There are different types of input:Your brain will process what you see (visual)Your brain will process what you see (visual)What you hear (auditory)What you hear (auditory)What you feel (sensory). What you feel (sensory).

When the brain receives messages it sorts them When the brain receives messages it sorts them and makes sense of them so that messages can and makes sense of them so that messages can be sent to your muscles so that you produce the be sent to your muscles so that you produce the appropriate appropriate movement responsemovement response to the to the movement problemmovement problem your opponent has sent your opponent has sent you. you.

Information Processing ModelInformation Processing Model

DECISION MAKING

OUTPUTFEEDBACK

INPUT

How to move and respond to the decision made

Receive information about your performance

Ongoing Process

Information you receive from your senses

Separate essential information from non essential information

Information processing systemInformation processing systemYour eyes watch and your ears listen to judge the Your eyes watch and your ears listen to judge the situation.situation.Your brain processes the information and makes Your brain processes the information and makes decisions about what you are going to do.decisions about what you are going to do. Your legs take you around the court to play the Your legs take you around the court to play the shuttle. shuttle. Your brain makes the decisions about Your brain makes the decisions about where your legs will take you and the timing. where your legs will take you and the timing. Your arm helps provide power to produce the strokes Your arm helps provide power to produce the strokes you play. you play. Your brain sends messages to make Your brain sends messages to make your arm muscles work. your arm muscles work. The transfer of weight helps generate power of your The transfer of weight helps generate power of your shotsshotsYour racket hits the shuttle to send your opponent a Your racket hits the shuttle to send your opponent a ‘problem’ or to resolve a problem your opponent has ‘problem’ or to resolve a problem your opponent has sent you. sent you. Your brain makes decisions about the Your brain makes decisions about the quality of ‘touch’ you will use.quality of ‘touch’ you will use.

This can be illustrated if we consider the brain as This can be illustrated if we consider the brain as a computer, which receives information from our a computer, which receives information from our senses.senses.This information is interpreted and compared with This information is interpreted and compared with previous performances and then decisions are previous performances and then decisions are made. This is followed by the made. This is followed by the action.action. After the After the actionaction, the brain receives information, , the brain receives information, which tells us if it was successful. This is called which tells us if it was successful. This is called feedbackfeedback and it is used to guide our next action and it is used to guide our next action once it is compared to previous actions and also once it is compared to previous actions and also our performance experience.our performance experience.

Information Processing ModelInformation Processing Model

Information is collected using the different senses Information is collected using the different senses of of sight; touch, hearingsight; touch, hearing from the external from the external environment.environment.Internally (Internally (intrinsically)intrinsically) information is used from information is used from the the kinaesthetic sensekinaesthetic sense, which informs the brain , which informs the brain of the movements or position of joints, muscles, of the movements or position of joints, muscles, contractions and information about the body’s contractions and information about the body’s equilibrium.equilibrium.Externally (Externally (extrinsicallyextrinsically) information is received ) information is received from peers, observers or coach, about the quality from peers, observers or coach, about the quality of movement repertoire, strengths and of movement repertoire, strengths and weaknesses of the performance.weaknesses of the performance.

Information received by the brain will Information received by the brain will vary vary in importancein importance. The more experienced . The more experienced performer will be better at selecting the performer will be better at selecting the appropriate information at the appropriate information at the INPUTINPUT stage.stage.

Number??? Number???

14097800741409780074

This could come from:This could come from:- watching the shuttle- watching the shuttle- watching opponent- watching opponent- from a call/shout- from a call/shout- the rackets contact with the - the rackets contact with the shuttle.shuttle.The brain also receives The brain also receives information from joints and limbs-information from joints and limbs-(kinaesthetic sense)(kinaesthetic sense)also on some occasions, the sense also on some occasions, the sense of touch plays a part. The feeling of touch plays a part. The feeling of the racket (changing the grip)of the racket (changing the grip)

* ** *Relevant information is selected, Relevant information is selected, interpreted and then used to make interpreted and then used to make decisions. decisions. The memory and previous The memory and previous experiences are used in this experiences are used in this process of decision makingprocess of decision making

Experience plays a part in Experience plays a part in selecting the correct information. selecting the correct information. The more experienced player will The more experienced player will find it easier to sort out the find it easier to sort out the important information.important information.The information that is used is The information that is used is linked with experiences stored in linked with experiences stored in our memory.our memory.e.g. a badminton player watching e.g. a badminton player watching an opponent play a backcourt an opponent play a backcourt overhead shot hears the sound of overhead shot hears the sound of the racket and sees the speed and the racket and sees the speed and direction of the shuttle. He may direction of the shuttle. He may judge from this input that a poor judge from this input that a poor contact has been made and the contact has been made and the shot will not go to the desired shot will not go to the desired area. He responds by deciding to area. He responds by deciding to move to the correct position on move to the correct position on court where he believes the court where he believes the shuttle will land. He then selects shuttle will land. He then selects the appropriate shot to play. the appropriate shot to play.

INPUT DECISION MAKING

OUTPUTOUTPUT

When we react to a situation, our nervous When we react to a situation, our nervous system sends messages to the muscles system sends messages to the muscles about the movement needed. This is a about the movement needed. This is a complex process; e.g. to judge the correct complex process; e.g. to judge the correct force, the right timing, the direction of the force, the right timing, the direction of the action. e.g. the player decides to move to action. e.g. the player decides to move to the middle of the court to get into the the middle of the court to get into the correct position before the shuttle arrives. correct position before the shuttle arrives. The correct shot is then played to win the The correct shot is then played to win the point or put his opponent under greater point or put his opponent under greater pressure.pressure.

F E E D B A C KF E E D B A C K

Verbal Verbal Visual Visual Kinaesthetic Kinaesthetic Auditory Auditory VestibularVestibularFeedback is received immediately Feedback is received immediately from the shot winning the point, the from the shot winning the point, the coach verbally praising the good shot coach verbally praising the good shot selection etc. selection etc.

Information Processing ModelInformation Processing Model

Now use the Information Processing Model to describe what you go through when doing an overhead clear, consider your stage of learning when answering this question.

Remember the four headings

INPUT DECISION OUTPUTFEEDBACK MAKING

Central HeatingCentral HeatingThink about the Think about the THERMOSTAT for a THERMOSTAT for a Central Heating Central Heating SystemSystem

Describe HOW this Describe HOW this works to keep the works to keep the house warm in house warm in Winter and cooler Winter and cooler in Summer.in Summer.

Basketball example:Basketball example:What information do you think this player is having to process in order to be successful?

RecapInput information from our senses and externally from other sources.The brain the sorts this information out and deems what is important.Information is retained in our long and short term memory for future use to aid performance improvementsShort term memory (If I hit the net when smashing I know that I contacted the shuttle to late. This is retained in short term memory and correct when next executed. Learn from mistakes.

Recap continuedThe long term memory retains positive information on performance to reproduce good habits resulting in a quicker motor response.Decision is then made on the course of action which will be taken. The brain sends signals to the muscles of where and how to move to the shuttle, which technique to execute and the pace and direction of the shuttle based on further input information being relayed to the brain.

Differences between a novice and automatic performer

A novice performer takes longer to process infoVery selective about what they retain.Focusing on to many points of information results in errors and brain overload.React slower as messages to the working are muscles delayedReduced range of shots.Less experience to draw upon to make appropriate decisions.

Testing your information processing system and retention of information.

Next Wednesday25mins – Exam conditions to tell me;

1Why the info processing system is important? 2How it works and what the model looks like? 3Example from badminton 4The differences between an novice and automatic performers info

processing system.This is the only structure you should use.

How can you prepare for this exam. 1 Read the following pages of your notes (19-24) numerous times

to develop a structure and develop knowledge and retention. 2 Look at the wiki space powerpoint for a reminder. 3 On Page 25-26 there is a former pupils response in exam

conditions 4 Know your sign post sentence to start the essay so that you can put pen to paper

quickly. 5 Finally, having studied the contents in your own way (Taking notes, highlighting etc) Try

to write this answer at home in 25mins with your notes in front of you or not.

YOU MUST BRING YOUR FOLDER