High Speed Vessel High Speed Vessel Fendering System Fendering System Design Design Presenters: Presenters: Cameron Clark Cameron Clark Dave Maharaj Dave Maharaj Okason Morrison Okason Morrison Jean-Pierre Jean-Pierre Njante Njante Alexandra Ortiz Alexandra Ortiz Advisor: Advisor: Prof. Sadegh Prof. Sadegh Sponsor: Sponsor: U.S. Army Natick U.S. Army Natick Soldier Center Soldier Center May 17, 2005
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High Speed Vessel Fendering System Design Presenters: Cameron Clark Dave Maharaj Okason Morrison Jean-Pierre Njante Alexandra Ortiz Advisor: Prof. Sadegh.
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High Speed Vessel High Speed Vessel Fendering System DesignFendering System Design
The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
OverviewOverview NomenclatureNomenclature Problem Definition Problem Definition Ship SpecificationShip Specification Patent SearchPatent Search GANTT ChartGANTT Chart Design Concept AlternativesDesign Concept Alternatives Final Fender DesignFinal Fender Design Analysis of Final Fender Design ConceptAnalysis of Final Fender Design Concept Final Fender Design SpecificationsFinal Fender Design Specifications Manufacturing ProcessManufacturing Process Modifications performedModifications performed Testing:Testing:
• Static Static • Dynamic Dynamic
Testing ResultsTesting Results ConclusionConclusion Future WorkFuture Work
May 17, 2005May 17, 2005
The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
NomenclatureNomenclature Fender: Fender:
• Absorb the kinetic energy of Absorb the kinetic energy of berthing vessels.berthing vessels.
• Provide standoff distance to Provide standoff distance to prevent contact with other prevent contact with other vessels and supporting vessels and supporting structures.structures.
• Protect vessel from damage.Protect vessel from damage.
The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
Problem DefinitionProblem Definition Design a pneumatic fender system for an Design a pneumatic fender system for an
Australian high-speed passenger ferry.Australian high-speed passenger ferry.
Manufacture a scaled down prototype of the Manufacture a scaled down prototype of the fender.fender.
Develop a deployment and storage mechanism.Develop a deployment and storage mechanism.
Fender should be designed for applications such Fender should be designed for applications such as ship-to-ship, ship to causeways and ship to as ship-to-ship, ship to causeways and ship to pier or dock.pier or dock.
Fender must maintain a standoff distance of 6ft Fender must maintain a standoff distance of 6ft from contacting structure.from contacting structure.
Test prototype for abrasion and functionality. Test prototype for abrasion and functionality.
May 17, 2005May 17, 2005
The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
Single air beams configuration withSingle air beams configuration withcommercial fender protection as an outer beam commercial fender protection as an outer beam ““donut”donut”
May 17, 2005May 17, 2005
The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
Final Fender Design ConceptFinal Fender Design Concept
Weights
Rope
Outer beam “Donut”
One-way Valve
WaterReservoir
May 17, 2005May 17, 2005
The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
Final Fender Design ConceptFinal Fender Design Concept
Air Release
WaterReservoir
Ring
Separation of air beamAnd water reservoir
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The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
Water Reservoir FunctionalityWater Reservoir Functionality
May 17, 2005May 17, 2005
The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
Air Beam CalculationsAir Beam CalculationsConfiguration Equations
P 2 a2
b2
a b( )2
2Euler's Approxiamate Formula:
e2
1b
2
a2
whereP 2 a 1
1
2 n 1( )
2 n( )
2n
n 2
2
e2n
Exact:
Perimeter of an ellipse
E 2P2 d AsP 2 aAs P hP2 P1
V1
V2
V2 Ac L
V1 D
2 L4
D3
6Ac a ba 0.5 D
22 b
2 b 0.5 D d
Aellipse a b
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The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
Sensitivity of air beam diameter Sensitivity of air beam diameter to crush distance and pressureto crush distance and pressure
Pressure vs Crush Distance4.2 psig Initial Pressure and L = 12 ft
Dia. = 6 ftDia. = 8 ft
Dia. = 10 ft
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Crush Dis. (ft)
Pre
ssu
re (
psi
g)
May 17, 2005May 17, 2005
The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
Initial Pressure vs Displacement of a Initial Pressure vs Displacement of a 6 ft diameter air beam when it reaches the final 6 ft diameter air beam when it reaches the final
pressure of 8 Psigpressure of 8 PsigInitial Pressure vs Displacement
Dia. 6 ft for L = 12 ft Cylindrical Beam 8 psig limit
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0
Displacement (ft)
Init
ial P
res
su
re (
Psig
)
Max. pressure of 8 psig is reachedwhen a 6ft dia. air beam of 4.5 psig is displaced by 1.8 ft
May 17, 2005May 17, 2005
The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
ρρrr = density of “donut” material. = density of “donut” material.
ρρww = density of water. = density of water.
ρρaa = density of air. = density of air.
RRfenderfender = radius of fender. = radius of fender.
T = total “donut” thickness.T = total “donut” thickness.t = thickness of “donut” material.t = thickness of “donut” material.
May 17, 2005May 17, 2005
The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
Final Design SpecificationsFinal Design Specifications Pneumatic fender configuration air beam size:Pneumatic fender configuration air beam size:
Height : 12 ftHeight : 12 ftDiameter: 6 ftDiameter: 6 ftInternal pressure: 6 psigInternal pressure: 6 psigEstimated maximum displacement at 8 psig: 1 ftEstimated maximum displacement at 8 psig: 1 ft
Outer beam “donut” configuration:Outer beam “donut” configuration:Height: 5 ftHeight: 5 ftInner diameter: 6.5 ftInner diameter: 6.5 ftOuter diameter: 9 ft Outer diameter: 9 ft Donut thickness: 1.25 ftDonut thickness: 1.25 ftwall thickness: ½ inchwall thickness: ½ inchinternal pressure of donut: 4 psiginternal pressure of donut: 4 psig
Clearance between donut and fender is 3 inches.Clearance between donut and fender is 3 inches.
May 17, 2005May 17, 2005
The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
Finite Element AnalysisFinite Element Analysis
Symmetric model with concentrated Load Application
Load: 108 kips Constraints
Internal pressure: 8psig
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The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
Finite Element Analysis – DeformationFinite Element Analysis – Deformation
3.47in
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The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
Finite Element Analysis – StressFinite Element Analysis – Stress
237.7ksi
May 17, 2005May 17, 2005
The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
Finite Element AnalysisFinite Element Analysis
Symmetric Model with distributed Load Application
Load: 108 kips
Internal pressure: 8psig
Constraints
May 17, 2005May 17, 2005
The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
Finite Element Analysis – DeformationFinite Element Analysis – Deformation
0.22in
May 17, 2005May 17, 2005
The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
Finite Element Analysis – StressFinite Element Analysis – Stress
171.7ksi
May 17, 2005May 17, 2005
The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
Fender ModificationsFender Modifications
The following modifications were done to the fender The following modifications were done to the fender due to manufacturing limitations.due to manufacturing limitations.
No weights at the No weights at the bottom.bottom.
Crown location was Crown location was moved.moved.
Straps were added.Straps were added.
Foam was used inside Foam was used inside the outer beam instead the outer beam instead of air.of air.
May 17, 2005May 17, 2005
The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
Manufacturing Manufacturing
Material used for the air beam:Material used for the air beam: Brown tarpBrown tarp White strapWhite strap Plexy glassPlexy glass ThreadsThreads Copper wire (made into a ring)Copper wire (made into a ring)
Materials used for the outer Materials used for the outer beam:beam:
RubberRubber AdhesiveAdhesive Black spray paint Black spray paint
Materials:
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The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
Manufacturing ProcessManufacturing Process
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The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
Manufactured PrototypeManufactured Prototype
Scale: 1/10th
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The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
Manufacturing ProcessManufacturing ProcessCrane
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Deployment and StorageDeployment and Storage
Inflation of the Air BeamInflation of the Air Beam
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Deployment TestingDeployment Testing
May 17, 2005May 17, 2005
The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
Free Body DiagramFree Body Diagram
Mw*g
Fdrag
s
Mship
a
ammFWFt
sa
weightshipimpact drag)(
22
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The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
Testing SetupTesting Setup
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The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
Stability TestingStability Testing
May 17, 2005May 17, 2005
The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department
Static Testing ResultsStatic Testing Results
Load vs Deflection (Static Loading, Damped)
y = 10.469x
05
101520253035
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Deflection (in)
Lo
ad (
lbs)
May 17, 2005May 17, 2005
The City College of New YorkThe City College of New YorkMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department