High Performance Laboratory Design for Tropical Climates

HIGH PERFORMANCE LABORATORY DESIGN FOR

TROPICAL CLIMATES – CASE STUDY OF ‘CLEANTECH TWO’ (SINGAPORE)

Bharath Seshadri Sustainable Building Technologies Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N)

Official opening: 15 June 2010 17 Commercial Partnerships 3 Joint Industry Programs (JIPs) 6 Joint International University

partnerships 9 dedicated laboratories 65 Principal Investigators 106 Ph.D. & Masters students 158 Researchers

INTRODUCTION TO ERI@N

Energy Research Institute @ NTU

ABOUT JTC’s CLEANTECH TWO

Laboratory intensive

Multi-tenanted

25,000 sqm

@CleanTech Park: Singapore’s first eco-business park

3

Designed through Scientific Planning and Support (SPS) process to achieve high performance standards

First of its kind building in Singapore

SCIENTIFIC PLANNING AND SUPPORT

A team of scientists supporting the building team to:

Develop an integrated design process involving all

major stakeholders

Help define and develop a cost-effective

sustainable building design

Validate systems’ performances through Modelling

and Simulations

Calculate life-cycle costs for innovative

technologies

4

CLEANTECH TWO TEAM

5

SPS TEAM COMPOSITION AND EXPERTISE

6

SPS Team

NTU

LBNL AIT

Local relevance & expertise Capability Building Project Management

Track record of expertise in integrated design process

Innovative concepts from United States

Building Modeling and Simulation expertise

Innovative concepts from Europe

Energy Research Institute @ NTU

THE PROCESS OF SCIENTIFIC PLANNING AND SUPPORT

7

STEP 1: DEFINING KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

8

Energy savings

System efficiencies

Renewable energy generation

Water and waste efficiency

Greenery

STEP 2: THE INTEGRATED DESIGN CHARRETTE

9

STEP 2: THE INTEGRATED DESIGN CHARRETTE

10

STEP 3: PASSIVE & ACTIVE DESIGN

11

CFD model for CleanTech Park External heat gain through windows

Thermal map of the building Façade (windows and shading) design

STEP 3: PASSIVE & ACTIVE DESIGN

12

AC

MV

Lighting & Controls

Enve

lop

Sy

ste

ms

STEP 4: MODELING & SIMULATION

13

TRNSYS 3D Model of CTT ECOTECT Daylight and Glare analysis

ANSYS Fluent Air movement study TRNSYS Liquid Desiccant model

INTEGRATED BUILDING DESIGN

14

IDENTIFICATION OF KEY PROBLEMS

BARCOL AIR, 2012

Problem Executed Solution

1 No local lab guidelines/data

Labs 21 guidelines

2 No integrated design

Integrated Design Charrette Involved key stakeholders early

3 No feasibility studies of ‘Green Technologies’

Engaged relevant experts Measured energy saving impact Worked with product suppliers

4 Inefficient design/operation by tenants

Engaged anchor tenants early Customized technologies for tenants Developed a mandatory ‘Green Lease’

15

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN CLEANTECH TWO

16

LIQUID DESICCANT DE-HUMIDIFICATION

17 DUCOOL, 2011

LIQUID DESICCANT DE-HUMIDIFICATION

Air is dehumidified by a liquid desiccant

The liquid desiccant was “regenerated” using a solar thermal collector

The solar powered L-DEC system results in a 45% improvement in cooling efficiency

18 NEA, 2009

THERMAL STORAGE

19 PCM PRODUCTS, 2012

THERMAL STORAGE

Thermal Storage to optimize efficiency of the chiller

‘Charged’ and ‘discharged’ during off-peak and on-peak hours

‘Peak shaving’ of the building cooling demand

25% (off-peak) and

4% (on-peak) improvement

in cooling efficiency

20 050

100150200250300350400450500550600650700750800850900950

1,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

CO

OLI

NG

LO

AD

(R

T)

AVG RT w/o TS

AVG RT w/ TS

STRATIFIED COOLING

21

12m

3.5m

0m

STRATIFIED COOLING

• Only provide cooling to the bottom occupied portion of high-ceiling spaces

• Temperature and humidity in the upper portion allowed to ‘float’.

• Reduced the cooling demand by 15% while maintaining comfort levels for all occupants.

22

THE GREEN LEASE

23

Item Improvement*

AHU / FCU Fan Power Rating

20 %

Electrical Lighting Power Density

30 %

Day lighting

“….mandatory agreement on key energy systems adoption by tenants, to ensure responsible and energy efficient operation by all tenants.”

*Over the compliance standard

HIGH PERFORMANCE LABORATORY SPACES

24

FLOOR PLAN FOR FITTED LAB SPACE

25

1000m2 Fitted Lab Spaces (Level 6, CleanTech Two) N

Image courtesy of Jurong Consultants Pvt Ltd

STATE-OF-ART FITTED LAB CONCEPT

26

1

2

3 4

5

6

6

1: Low Energy Fume-hood with Sash control 2: BMS with IAQ Dashboard 3: Demand Control Ventilation interfacing with IAQ Dashboard 4: Supply Air damper 5: Exhaust Air damper 6: ON/OFF Switch

Image courtesy of Waldner, Germany

PASSIVE CHILLED CEILING SYSTEM

Benefits: Lower air change rates Higher efficiency chiller Smaller ducts Lower ceiling height Lesser cold drafts, air-flow noise and overall greater indoor thermal comfort Energy Saving Potential: Fan energy is reduced by 75% and the overall energy consumption of the HVAC system is reduced by 45% (ECOPHIT Installation, Germany)

27 0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

KW

H

EQUIPMENT LIGHTING COOLING AIR FANS CHILLED CEILING PUMPS

- 24 %

- 39 %

VAV SYSTEM CHILLED CEILING

- 26 %

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

Benefits:

• Personalized behavior-based control system

• Lesser wiring and maintenance

• High energy efficiency (lighting, and ventilation)

• Greater indoor comfort

Energy Saving Potential:

According to ORNL, through the use

of wireless sensor networks, savings

on energy for motors used in

industrial processes could improve

efficiency by 20%

DC-DC GRID

Benefits:

DC power delivery may enhance micro-grid system integration, operation

DC suffers low voltage losses

Power conversion within the appliance can be avoided, and losses reduced

Energy Saving Potential:

Expected 20-30% electricity savings

effect of using direct DC powering,

and adequate controls scheme

29 Image courtesy of eMerge Alliance

LOW ENERGY FUMEHOOD

Benefits: Simple design with reduction in

airflow requirements by 50 to 70%

Improves user safety Reduction in energy use as well

as size of the mechanical systems required to provide adequate ACMV

New design reduces the flow up to 30% when compared to typical hood installation

New hood design also reduces lighting energy in order of 47%

30

Berkeley Lab’s High Performance Fumehood being tested by LBNL (now commercially available)

Image courtesy of Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, USA

IAQ DASHBOARD

Benefits:

Reduce the levels of indoor air pollutants

Provide and maintain adequate airflow

Respond to IAQ‐related concerns and problems in a prompt and thorough manner

Best to be implemented in places that require high indoor air quality without compromising thermal comfort

Image courtesy OF Air Advice, USA

SUMMARY OF ALL TECHNOLOGY RECOMMENDATIONS

32

TECHNOLOGY RECOMMENDATIONS (ACMV)

33

Technology Recommended Decision

Best Efficiency Chiller Plant √

Optimized Operation using Thermal Storage √

Solar Thermal Liquid Desiccant system √

Demand Control Ventilation √

Indoor Air Quality Dashboard √

Low Energy Fume hoods √

Stratified Cooling √

Dedicated Outdoor Air System X

Radiant Cooling X

TECHNOLOGY RECOMMENDATIONS (ACMV)

34

Technology Recommended Decision

Daylighting Controls √

LED Lighting √

Smart Parking Luminaires √

Solar Light Tubes X

Automated Dimmable Ballasts X

TECHNOLOGY RECOMMENDATIONS (PASSIVE DESIGN AND CONTROLS)

35

Technology Recommended Decision

Low Heat-Transfer Windows √

Green Walls √

Solar PV & Thermal System √

Automated Shading X

Reflective Coating X

DC-Powered Wireless Sensor Network X

Neuro Predicted Mean Vote for ACMV X

ENERGY SAVINGS

36

System % Savings

Chiller Plant 30.5

Air Distribution 52

Lighting 47

Lifts 10

Total Energy Savings (over a standard laboratory building)

31.2 %

CO-AUTHORS

37

Nanyang Technological University

JTC Jurong Consultants

Nilesh Y. Jadhav Ng Kian Wee Dr. Uma Maheswaran

Dr. Chien Szu-Cheng

Aaron P. Boranian

Danielle M. Griego

Austrian Institute of Technology

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Markus Brychta Reshma Singh