Next-CSP Final Infoday July 8th, 2021 This project has received funding from the EU Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation under grant agreement no 727762 High Temperature Solar Thermal Power Plant with Particle Receiver and Direct Thermal Storage High efficiency conversion cycles Manuel Romero / IMDEA Energy
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High efficiency conversion cycles Manuel Romero / IMDEA Energy
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Next-CSP Final Infoday
July 8th, 2021
This project has received funding from the EU Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for
Research and Innovation under grant agreement no 727762
High Temperature Solar Thermal Power Plant with Particle Receiver and Direct Thermal Storage
High efficiency conversion cycles
Manuel Romero / IMDEA Energy
Main contributors
Manuel RomeroDeputy Director of IMDEA Energy and Research Professor
José González-AguilarHead of Unit High Temperature Processes
Francesco RovensePostdoctoral researcherAt present Marie Curie fellow at URJC/IMDEA Energy.
Rui ChenPredoctoralresearcherCSU/IMDEA Energy
Miguel Angel ReyesPostdoctoral Researcher. At present Assistant Professor at URJC
Preferred working conditions: Solar pure mode TIT = 800 ºC Brayton no-intercooled &
double-reheated Rankine reheated with no steam
extractions & 3-pressure levels
Table 1: Power plant main specifications
Parameter Value Units
Net power output 150 MWe
Topping cycle net power 80 MWe
Bottoming cycle net
power70 MWe
Power Block nameplate
efficiency 49.4 %
Gas turbine air inlet
temperature 800 ºC
Inlet heat exchanger DPS
temperature819 ºC
Outlet heat exchanger
DPS temperature606 ºC
Final result 49.4%
efficiency
Close to 50% target
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Power block unfired CC 800ºC (150 MW)
D6.4 Optimized solution
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Solar battery dispatch
750 MWh and 950 MWh electrical dispatch (1.5-2.5 GWh thermal)
Not only Gen-3, also needs to be ready for hybrid dispatches with PV
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Single receiver efficiency >80% at >820ºC
Receiver Model data
Parameter Value Units
Receiver active tube height 7 m
Average flux 400 kW/m2
Peak flux 500 kW/m2
Absorptivity of tubes 0.9 -
Emissivity of tubes 0.85 -
Tubes thickness 2 mm
Tubes spacing 10 mm
Number of tubes 240 -
Maximum surface temperature 1,000 ºC
Thermal power to be absorbed 44 MWth
Particles inlet temperature 606 ºC
Particles outlet temperature 825 ºC
Tubes internal diameter 53 mm
Particles mass flow (calculated) 165 kg/s
Cavity radius 9 m
A cavity of about 9 m radius would be required to avoid peak flux above 500 kW/m2 into panel of 7 m length tubes.
Average flux onto cavity aperture: about 1,500-2,000kW/m2
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Solar field efficiency 65-72% at solar noon
(solar elevation angle between 36-83º)
Heliostat field simulated data (SolTRACE)
Parameter Value Units
Simulated heliostat area 83971 m2
Simulated heliostat count 1731 -
Power incident on field 75574 kW
Power onto aperture 54259 kW
Shadowing and Cosine efficiency 92.74 %
Reflection efficiency 87.97 %
Blocking efficiency 99.05 %
Image intercept efficiency 88.84 %
Solar field optical efficiency 71.80 %
Incident flux on cavity aperture 2009.6 kW/m2
Cavity apertura area 27 m2
Heliostat data
Parameter Value Units
Supplier SBP (Stellio)
Area 48.5 m2
Reflectivity 93.5 %
Soiling factor 95.0 %
Slope error (2D) 0.9-1.7 mrad
Pointing error (2D) 0.85-1.7 mrad
Multiple solar-fields & towers feeding single Combined Cycle Power Block
Particles transportation system between multi-solar fields units & common particles
TES & heat exchangers network
Multi-tower solar field with cavity receivers:
Current approach for scale-up
Solar field main specifications (per unitary solar field)
Parameter Value Units
Site Ouarzazate (Morocco) -
Day design point Spring Equinox, solar noon -
DNI design point 900 W/m2
Tower optical height 110 m
Receiver type Cavity -
Power onto receiver @ design
point53.2 MW
Average flux 2 MW/m2
Tilt angle versus horizontal 30 º
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𝐸𝑅𝑒𝑐 (t) = 𝐷𝑁𝐼(𝑡) ∗ 𝜂𝐻𝐹 𝑓(𝑒, 𝑎)t1−∆𝑡
t0+∆𝑡
𝑁𝑆𝐿 = (1 + 𝛼𝑛)𝐸𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒,𝑛
)𝐸𝑅𝑒𝑐(𝑡𝐴𝑇𝑜𝑡
Two configurations- Seven solar loops;- Eight solar loops.
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Energy production [GWh]
Stored Energy [GWh] Case 1 Case 2
7 loops 8 loops 7 loops 8 loops
1.0 115.1 115.1 115.0 115.8
1.5 188.0 194.9 188.5 194.9
2.0 238.0 251.1 241.7 255.9
2.5 239.2 252.4 274.1 295.0
3.0 239.2 252.4 274.1 295.0
Unlimited 259.7 265.3 279.7 325.8
Energy production (GWh/year)
Particle weight corresponding to energy stored
Parameter Value Units
1.0 GWh 14061.89 tons
1.5 GWh 21092.84 tons
2.0 GWh 28123.79 tons
2.5 GWh 35154.74 tons
3.0 GWh 42185.68 tons
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Case 1 - seven SL – 2.0 GWh TES Case 2 - eight SL – 2.5 GWh TES
Hourly net electricity production along the year
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Case 1 - seven SL – 2.0 GWh TES Case 2 - eight SL – 2.5 GWh TES
Particles stored for best cases
The maximum number of particles stored is 28,123.79 tons for DS1 and 35,154.74 tons for DS2 that is required for thermal energy storage sizing.
Capacity/Utilization Factors
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Highest value of the CF is 22.45%, for theCase 2 and 8 solar loops, 2.5 and 3.0 GWh. For7 solar loops the highest CF is of 20.86%.
The highest value of the UF is 33.48%, obtained for Case 1 and eight towers for 2.0 GWh of stored energy
𝐶𝐹 =𝑌𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑
𝑁𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 ∗ 8760𝑈𝐹 =
𝑌𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 ∗ 365
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Levelized Cost of Electricity
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Solar island CAPEX
Seven solar loops
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Solar island CAPEX
Eight solar loops
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CAPEX uncertainty HX and conveyors
Case 1 - seven SL – 2.0 GWh TES Case 2 - eight SL – 2.5 GWh TES
Particles transport has important impact on LCoE(CAPEX is 3x HX)
Supercritical CO2 PowerRecompression Cycle
- Large amounts of heat must be recuperated
- Need of compact heat exchangers
- specific heat of the cold side flow is two to three times higher than that of the hot side flow in recuperators.
- CO2 flow is split to compensate for the specific heat difference.
- Recompression improves- Air cooling strong penalty
Ahn, Y. et al. (2015) Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 47(6), 647–661.
Schematic diagram for recompression S-CO2 Brayton cycle integrated with particle receiver. MC, RC, LTR. HTR and DPS refer to main compressor, recompressor, low temperature recuperator, high temperature recuperator and dense particle suspension.
Developing a common methodology
Homogeneously assess the plant performance of six SCO2 Brayton cycles integrated with
particle receiver and a dry cooling system at both design and off-design conditions