Page 1
High Definition Mass Spectrometry (HDMS) High Definition Mass Spectrometry (HDMS)
application of ion mobility in oil and application of ion mobility in oil and
petroleum analysispetroleum analysis
©2013 Waters Corporation 1
petroleum analysispetroleum analysis
Patrice Patrice LemireLemire
Waters CorporationWaters Corporation
WCTOWWCTOW
Vancouver, May 13, 2013Vancouver, May 13, 2013
Page 2
Overview of SYNAPTOverview of SYNAPT®® HDMS™ TechnologyHDMS™ Technology
Focus on Ion MobilityFocus on Ion Mobility
DriftScope SoftwareDriftScope Software
Introduction Introduction
©2013 Waters Corporation 2
DriftScope SoftwareDriftScope Software
Oil & Petroleum Example DataOil & Petroleum Example Data
Page 3
ESI
APCI
APPI
SYNAPTSYNAPT®® HDMS™ TechnologyHDMS™ Technology
©2013 Waters Corporation 3
DARTDESILDTD
APGC
MALDI
ASAP
Page 4
UPLC/HDMSUPLC/HDMSE E
©2013 Waters Corporation 4
Ion mobility
Page 5
Separation by Drift TimeSeparation by Drift Time
©2013 Waters Corporation 5
Page 6
IMS Increases IMS Increases PPeak Capacity: eak Capacity: The The DatacubeDatacube
©2013 Waters Corporation 6
2
� Peak capacity = NLC x NIM x Nm/z x F
F = fraction of bins occupied
� Nm/z > NLC > NIM
� However, LC, m/z and IM not completely orthogonal
Page 7
C16H26
C16H26
Straight chainstructure
Travelling Wave Ion Mobility SeparationTravelling Wave Ion Mobility Separation
©2013 Waters Corporation 7
C16H26
Branchedstructure
structure
C7H8
Page 8
Not mass resolved Ion mobility resolved
DriftScope: Data Viewing & InteractionDriftScope: Data Viewing & Interaction
NAPHTHENIC ACID STANDARD
©2013 Waters Corporation 8
Mass (m/z)
Single mass peak at m/z 571 hasfive mobility resolved peaks under it
Page 9
1A 1B
2A2B
2C
3A3B
4A4B
1 2 3 4
DriftScope: Data Viewing & InteractionDriftScope: Data Viewing & Interaction
©2013 Waters Corporation 9
335.0
335.5
m/z
2.5
Drift time(ms)
8.0
Small cut asphaltene, m/z 335 – 335.5
Page 10
CCS CALCULATIONSCCS CALCULATIONS
©2013 Waters Corporation 10
CCS CALCULATIONSCCS CALCULATIONS
Relating Drift Time to SizeRelating Drift Time to Size
Page 11
DriftScope: CCS CalculationDriftScope: CCS Calculation
©2013 Waters Corporation 11
Page 12
*These data were collected
DriftScope: CCS CalculationDriftScope: CCS Calculation
©2013 Waters Corporation 12
PeakIntensity(cps)
DriftTime(Bins)
ExactMass(m/z)
CollisionCrossSection(Å2)
Chargeon theion
RetentionTime(mins)
*
*These data were collectedusing Waters ASAP – a thermaldesorption technique, so nochromatographic separation
Page 13
CCS valuesin Å2
DriftScope: Exporting DataDriftScope: Exporting Data
©2013 Waters Corporation 13
Page 14
EXAMPLE DATAEXAMPLE DATA
©2013 Waters Corporation 14
EXAMPLE DATAEXAMPLE DATA
IFPEN CollaborationIFPEN Collaboration
IFP Energies IFP Energies nouvellesnouvelles is a publicis a public--sector sector
research, innovation and training center active research, innovation and training center active
in the fields of energy, transport and the in the fields of energy, transport and the
environment.environment.
Page 15
� IFPEN uses FTICR-MS to analyse crude oils & their fractions
� Collaboration: samples provided by IFPEN and comparative analyses made with FTICR-MS & SYNAPT HDMS
� SAR fraction:
� Samples: with thanks to Jérémie Ponthus, IFPEN
Analysis of Crude Oil FractionAnalysis of Crude Oil Fraction
©2013 Waters Corporation 15
� SAR fraction:
— Saturated 44.5%
— Aromatics 36.3%
— Resins 16.4%
� Sample: from Nigerian Egina oil field
— Vacuum residue
— Resins fraction
— Most polar fraction
— Particularly nitrogen-rich oil
Page 16
� Typical data treatment: Kendrick plots using their in-house “KendrickInside” software
Double Bond Equivalent
Aromaticity
IFPEN FT ICRIFPEN FT ICR--MS AnalysisMS Analysis
©2013 Waters Corporation 16
� exact Kendrick mass = IUPAC mass x (14/14.01565)
� Kendrick mass defect = (nominal Kendrick mass - exact Kendrick mass)
# C : AlkylationDouble Bond Equivalent
• E. Kendrick, Anal. Chem., 1963, 35, 2146-2154• C.A. Hughey, C.L. Hendrickson, R.P. Rodgers, A.G. Marshall, Anal. Chem., 2001, 73, 4676-4681
Page 17
� ESI+ FTICR-MS analysis
— 1 mg/mL sample
— MeOH:Toluene (1:1)
+ 0.5% formic acid
— Resolving power 100,000 @ m/z 400
IFPEN Analysis: IFPEN Analysis: EginaEgina ResinsResins
©2013 Waters Corporation 17
� Results
— C18 to C60— DBE from 5 to 23
C20 C30 C40 C50 C60
Page 18
1 dimethyl pyridine
2 isoquinoline
3 benzoquinoline
4 dibenzacridine
5 crude oil
Total Mass Spectrum
IFPEN Analysis: IFPEN Analysis: EginaEgina ResinsResins
©2013 Waters Corporation 18
N containing compounds Mass Spectrum
Jérémie Ponthus – Waters Oil & Petroleum Seminar Day – 6th October 2011 - Manchester
Page 19
IFPEN Analysis: IFPEN Analysis: EginaEgina ResinsResins
©2013 Waters Corporation 19
Page 20
� SYNAPT HDMS analysis
— 40K resolution
— Ion mobility enabled
� ASAP+
— Direct deposit of solution, 6 mg/mL in toluene
Waters Analysis: Waters Analysis: EginaEgina ResinsResins
©2013 Waters Corporation 20
— Thermal desorption and gas phase APCI
— Thermal ramp from 250 oC to 650 oC
� ESI+
— 1 mg/mL
— MeOH:Toluene (1:1)
� Calibrations
— External mass: leucine enkephalin, m/z 556.2771, <2 ppm
— Mobility cell: Polyalanine, over range ~ approx. 85 Å2 to 250 Å2
Page 21
ASAP ESI
Waters Analysis: Waters Analysis: EginaEgina ResinsResins
©2013 Waters Corporation 21
Page 22
� Oil fraction mobilogram: an organised area
Waters Analysis: Waters Analysis: EginaEgina ResinsResins
©2013 Waters Corporation 22
Page 23
Waters Analysis: Waters Analysis: EginaEgina ResinsResins
� Kendrick plot of the Synapt G2 HDMS data
©2013 Waters Corporation 23
� Extraction of a nitrogen containing series (family 1) – with thanks to Jérémie Ponthus
Page 24
Waters Analysis: Waters Analysis: EginaEgina ResinsResins
140
160
180
100
110
120
130
� Excel plot of the DriftScope family 1
©2013 Waters Corporation 24
20
40
60
80
100
120
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 100040
50
60
70
80
90
100
220 270 320 370 420 470 520 570
Page 25
Waters Analysis: Waters Analysis: EginaEgina ResinsResins
100
110
120
130
DBE=0
DBE=1100
110
120
130
+CH2
� Excel plot of the DriftScope family 1: series characterisation
©2013 Waters Corporation 25
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
220 270 320 370 420 470 520 570
DBE=1
DBE=6
DBE=7
DBE=8
DBE=9
DBE=10
DBE=11
DBE=12
DBE=2
DBE=3
DBE=4
DBE=5
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
220 270 320 370 420 470 520 570
DBE=0
DBE=1
DBE=10
m/z 400.377283.66 bins
m/z 400.376775.55 bins
-H2
Page 26
Waters Analysis: Waters Analysis: EginaEgina ResinsResins
100
110
120
130
C13
C14
C15
C16
C17
C18
C19
C20
C21
� Excel plot of the DriftScope family 1: C number characterisation
©2013 Waters Corporation 26
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
220 270 320 370 420 470 520 570
C22
C23
C24
C25
C26
C27
C28
C29
C30
C31
C32
C33
C34
C35
C36
C37
C38
C39
C40
C22 (DBE 0)77.38 bins141Ų
C36175 Ų
C14100 Ų
C22 (DBE 10)62.71 bins123Ų
Page 27
� DriftScope helps to visualise mobility data
— 3D: m/z, drift time, intensity
� Ion mobility separates species according to:
— Size
— Shape
— Charge
SummarySummary
©2013 Waters Corporation 27
— 3D: m/z, drift time, intensity
— 4D: m/z, retention time, drift time, intensity
� Ion mobility offers:
— Increased peak capacity due to additional separation
— Comprehensive characterisation of samples
— Ion size information from CCS calculations following the
calibration of the mobility cell.
Page 28
ConclusionConclusionIFPEN collaborationIFPEN collaboration
� Ion Mobility mass spectrometry is applicable and offers benefits to the
analysis of oil and petroleum samples.
� The Synapt HDMS exact mass data can be used to generate Kendrick
plots.
� When mass and drift time are taken into consideration, it enables the
©2013 Waters Corporation 28
� When mass and drift time are taken into consideration, it enables the
identification of incorrect assignments of ions provided by high
resolution data alone.
� The calibration of the mobility cell with polyalanine allowed the
calculation of the size of species within the sample.
� The knowledge of size distribution in the sample could lead to novel
catalyst design – of vital importance in the quality of the products
generated from crude oil.
Page 29
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
� Jeremy Phontus
IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rond-point de l’échangeur de Solaize–BP 3,
69360 Solaize, France
� Eleanor Riches
Waters Corporation, Atlas Park, Simonsway,
©2013 Waters Corporation 29
Waters Corporation, Atlas Park, Simonsway,
Manchester M22 5PP, UK
Evaluating the multiple benefits offered by ion mobility-mass
spectrometry in oil and petroleum analysis
Int. J. Ion Mobil. Spec. (2013) 16:95–103
Page 30
©2013 Waters Corporation 30
Thank You For Your AttentionThank You For Your Attention