Hi t l fN Ti & Hi t l fN Ti & Histology of Nerve Tissue & Histology of Nerve Tissue & Nervous System Nervous System (Control System) (Control System) Alya Amila Fitrie & Radita N A Ginting Alya Amila Fitrie & Radita N A Ginting Alya Amila Fitrie & Radita N.A. Ginting Alya Amila Fitrie & Radita N.A. Ginting Department of Histology Department of Histology Medical Faculty Medical Faculty N hS Ui i N hS Ui i North Sumatera University North Sumatera University
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Hi t l f N Ti &Hi t l f N Ti &Histology of Nerve Tissue & Histology of Nerve Tissue & Nervous SystemNervous System(Control System)(Control System)
Alya Amila Fitrie & Radita N A GintingAlya Amila Fitrie & Radita N A GintingAlya Amila Fitrie & Radita N.A. Ginting Alya Amila Fitrie & Radita N.A. Ginting Department of HistologyDepartment of Histology
Medical FacultyMedical FacultyN h S U i iN h S U i iNorth Sumatera UniversityNorth Sumatera University
Cells of Nervous SystemCells of Nervous SystemCells of Nervous SystemCells of Nervous System
Neurons : receptive, integrative and motor Neurons : receptive, integrative and motor function of the nervous systemfunction of the nervous systemNeuroglial cells : supporting & protecting Neuroglial cells : supporting & protecting g pp g p gg pp g p gneuronsneurons
NeuronsNeuronsNeuronsNeuronsComposed of :p
•Cell body/perikaryon/soma
•Dendrites•Dendrites
•Axon
Cell bodyCell bodyCell bodyCell bodyCell body : contains of nucleus, surrounding cytoplasma, exclusive of the cell processes.
Function : trophic center, b lreceptive capabilities.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum : highly developed→ parallel
t B t th t cysternae. Between the cysternae → polyribosomes.
This cysternae + polyribosomes ith i t t i with appropriate stains →
basophilic granular areas, called Nissl bodies.
Mitochondria >>> in the axon Mitochondria >>> in the axon terminal
Main types of neuronsMain types of neurons
Multipolar : most pneuron of body
Bipolar : cochlear & vestibular ganglia, retina & olfactory mucosamucosa
Pseudounipolar : spinal gangliap g g
NeurogliaNeurogliaNeurogliaNeurogliaGlial cells : 10 times abundant than
neurons
Glial cells surround both cell bodies and their processes that occupy h lthe interneuronal space
Glial cells :Glial cells :
1. Oligodendrocytes
2. Schwann cells
3. Astrocytes
4. Ependymal cells
5 Microglia5. Microglia
OligodendrocytesOligodendrocytesOligodendrocytesOligodendrocytes
•Produces the myelin sheath that provides sheath that provides the electrical insulation of neurons i CNSin CNS
Schwann CellsSchwann CellsSchwann CellsSchwann CellsProduce a myelin sheath Produce a myelin sheath yythat located around that located around axons in PNSaxons in PNS
AstrocytesAstrocytesAstrocytesAstrocytesStar-shaped cells with multiple radiating processes
Astrocytes bind neuron to ll d hcapillaries and to the
piamater.
Astrocytes with few long d l t d i processes and located in
the white matter →fibrous astrocytes
A t t ith Astrocytes with many short-branched processes and located in the grey matter → protoplasmic p pastrocytes
Ependymal cells and MicrogliaEpendymal cells and MicrogliaEpendymal cells and MicrogliaEpendymal cells and Microglia
Ependymal cells :Ependymal cells :Ependymal cells : Ependymal cells : cuboidal or low columnar cuboidal or low columnar epithelial cells, lining the epithelial cells, lining the ventricles of the brain ventricles of the brain and central canal of the and central canal of the
i l di l dspinal cord.spinal cord.
Mi li llMi li llMicroglia : small Microglia : small elongated cells with short elongated cells with short irregular processesirregular processesirregular processes.irregular processes.
Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous SystemCentral Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
1.1. CerebrumCerebrumC b llC b ll2.2. CerebellumCerebellum
3.3. Spinal cordSpinal cord
CerebrumCerebrumCerebrumCerebrum
Neuron types in theNeuron types in theNeuron types in the Neuron types in the cerebral cortex:cerebral cortex:11 Pyramidal cellsPyramidal cells1.1. Pyramidal cellsPyramidal cells2.2. Stellate (granul Stellate (granul
cells)cells)cells)cells)3.3. Cells of MartinottiCells of Martinotti44 Fusiform cellsFusiform cells4.4. Fusiform cellsFusiform cells5.5. Horizontal cells of Horizontal cells of
CajalCajalCajalCajal
Cerebrum (cont )Cerebrum (cont )Cerebrum (cont..)Cerebrum (cont..)Layers of the Neocortex :y
1. Plexiform (molecular) layer
2 Outer granular layer2. Outer granular layer
3. Pyramidal cell layer
4. Inner granular layer
5. Ganglionic layer
6. Multiform cell layer
CerebellumCerebellumCerebellumCerebellumFunction : coordinates muscular
activity and maintain posture & equilibrium.
Consist of :
1. Grey matter :
• Molecular layer
• Purkinje cell layerj y
• Granular layer
2 White matter2. White matter
Cerebellum (cont )Cerebellum (cont )Cerebellum (cont..)Cerebellum (cont..)
Spinal CordSpinal CordSpinal CordSpinal Cord
Consist of :Consist of :
1. White matter, in the outer
2. Grey matter, has the shape of butterfly
MeningesMeningesMeningesMeningesConsists of 3 layer :y
1. Dura mater : composed of dense connective tissue, continuous with the periosteum of the skull.
2. Arachnoid : has 2 component :
• A layer in contact to dura mater
• A system of trabeculaey
3. Pia mater : loose connective tissue containing many blood vessels
BloodBlood--Brain BarrierBrain BarrierBloodBlood Brain BarrierBrain Barrier
BBB a functional barrierBBB a functional barrierBBB, a functional barrier, BBB, a functional barrier, prevents the passage of prevents the passage of some substances, from the some substances, from the ,,blood to the nerve tissue.blood to the nerve tissue.Supported by :Supported by :pp ypp y
1.1. Occluding junction between Occluding junction between endothelial cells of blood endothelial cells of blood capillaries of nerve tissuecapillaries of nerve tissuecapillaries of nerve tissue.capillaries of nerve tissue.
2.2. The expansion of neuroglial The expansion of neuroglial cells processes that envelop cells processes that envelop p pp pthe capillaries.the capillaries.
Choroid Plexus & Cerebrospinal FluidChoroid Plexus & Cerebrospinal FluidChoroid Plexus & Cerebrospinal FluidChoroid Plexus & Cerebrospinal Fluid
CP d f l ti tiCP d f l ti tiCP, composed of loose connective tissue CP, composed of loose connective tissue of the piamater, covered by simple of the piamater, covered by simple
b id l l l ith lib id l l l ith licuboidal or low columnar epithelium.cuboidal or low columnar epithelium.Function of CP is to elaborate CSF, that Function of CP is to elaborate CSF, that fills ventricles, central canal of spinal cord, fills ventricles, central canal of spinal cord,
Spinal cordSpinal cordSpinal cordSpinal cord
Choroid Plexus & Cerebrospinal FluidChoroid Plexus & Cerebrospinal FluidChoroid Plexus & Cerebrospinal FluidChoroid Plexus & Cerebrospinal Fluid
CP composed of loose connective tissueCP composed of loose connective tissueCP, composed of loose connective tissue CP, composed of loose connective tissue of the piamater, covered by simple of the piamater, covered by simple cuboidal or low columnar epitheliumcuboidal or low columnar epitheliumcuboidal or low columnar epithelium.cuboidal or low columnar epithelium.Function of CP is to elaborate CSF, that Function of CP is to elaborate CSF, that fills ventricles central canal of spinal cordfills ventricles central canal of spinal cordfills ventricles, central canal of spinal cord, fills ventricles, central canal of spinal cord, subarachnoid space & perivascular space.subarachnoid space & perivascular space.
Subarachnoid & Perivascular SpaceSubarachnoid & Perivascular SpaceSubarachnoid & Perivascular SpaceSubarachnoid & Perivascular Space
Subarachnoid space
Perivascular space
Choroid Plexus & Cerebrospinal FluidChoroid Plexus & Cerebrospinal FluidChoroid Plexus & Cerebrospinal FluidChoroid Plexus & Cerebrospinal Fluid
CP composed of loose connective tissueCP composed of loose connective tissueCP, composed of loose connective tissue CP, composed of loose connective tissue of the piamater, covered by simple of the piamater, covered by simple cuboidal or low columnar epitheliumcuboidal or low columnar epitheliumcuboidal or low columnar epithelium.cuboidal or low columnar epithelium.Function of CP is to elaborate CSF, that Function of CP is to elaborate CSF, that fills ventricles central canal of spinal cordfills ventricles central canal of spinal cordfills ventricles, central canal of spinal cord, fills ventricles, central canal of spinal cord, subarachnoid space & perivascular space.subarachnoid space & perivascular space.CSF i l l d it & l iCSF i l l d it & l iCSF is clear,low density, & very low in CSF is clear,low density, & very low in protein content.protein content.
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