HI 112 US History II Worcester State University Collision Courses 1946-1960 (Chapter 28)
Hiroshima, August 1945
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America Transformed
Productivity & full employmentEnd to Depression; era of prosperityNew technologies & products
developed in warExpanded opportunities – roots of civil
rights movement & feminist movementDemocrats solidly in control of
CongressEnd of isolationism in foreign relationsUS as a world power
• 1 year unemployment pay• college or vocational training (tuition directly paid by govt)• 1 million men
• low-interest, zero down payments for housing mortgages• loans for business start-up
Servicemen’s Readjustment Act 1944 (aka GI Bill)
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Cold War (1946-1991) - Definitions
Opposing political ideologies + conflicting national interests + nuclear weapons = heavily armed standoff
•Atomic weapons arms race•Truman Doctrine of containment (political consensus)•AntiCommunism in the US (hysterical at times)•Marshall Plan to keep Soviets out of W. Europe•NATO•Chinese Revolution 1949 & Chinese Communism•Support (sometimes covert) of wars against communists in Asia and other parts of the world•Constant military buildup/ readiness/ spending in the US
International Responsibilities
“An iron curtain has descended…”
--Winston Churchill Bretton Woods Agreement (IMF, World Bank) 1944United Nations 1945
Paul Nitze, author of NSC-68,the “blueprint of the Cold War”
George Kennan, author of 1947 “Containment Policy” telegram from Moscow
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Korean War, 1950-1953
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DuPont worker Steve Czekalinski & family, from Cleveland OH, with their food for one year (cost $1300). Life Magazine, 19
November 1951
WW2: CORE, FPEC
Military desegregation (Truman Executive Order) 1948
Pro Baseball (re-)desegregation, 1947
CA state SC overturns ban on interracial marriage, 1948
NAACP voter registration drives, early ‘50s
Brown v. Board of Education, 1954
Thurgood Marshall
Civil Rights Movement, 1945-1954