HF management communication system and link optimization Bruno Zolesi. [email protected] [email protected] Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia.

HF management communication system and link optimization

Bruno [email protected]

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

mailto:[email protected]

Ionospheric Mapping and Models for Ionospheric prediction

2SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy13/12/2013

Monthly prediction of the hourly HF set of frequencies over the N radio links given by the network, based on the available ionospheric model and methods.Daily forecasting of the hourly HF set of frequencies based on the mediterranean ionospheric measurements.



The principal objective of any frequency planner is to predict the useful radio frequencies that could guarantee for a given epoch a point to point radio link. This means that should be predicted the wave band between the so called MUF, the maximum usable frequency, and the LUF, the lower usable frequency.Another important parameter is the area covered by a given frequency around a given transmitter point or the minimum distance from the transmitter reflected by the ionosphere called skip distance.





HF area prediction The skip distance is defined as the minimum distance D for which it is possible to establish a radio link for a given frequency fob and the critical angle of incidence φ0 . For this distance D and this angle of incidence φ0 the relative frequency f is also the maximum frequency reflected from the ionosphere. If a line is traced around a point of transmission at the same distance as the skip distance, that line is the isoline of the maximum frequency reflected by the ionosphere, or in other words the isoline of a given MUF.





DIAS Web – Maps: Long term prediction


DIAS Web – Maps: Long term prediction




Examples of local nowcasting maps for foF2 and M(3000)F2 over the Central Mediterranean. (Space Weather Pilot Project, promoted by the European Space Agency at http://www.esa-spaceweather.net/sda/gifint/).

http://www.esa-spaceweather.net/sda/gifint/


Point to point long term ionospheric prediction for the radio link Roma-Roquetes.


Isolines of the now casting (up) and the long term (down) prediction for the MUF and skip distance for the transmission points in Rome at 0700 on April 3th, 2013.



Monthly Ionospheric Forecasts.October 2013.



Ionospheric Prediction and Forecasting


Qui futura cognoscere profitetur, mentitur….



1 Introduction1.1 Background1.2 Previous Studies1.2.1 A Brief History of Ionospheric Measurement1.2.2 Evolution from Long-Term HF Planning to Nowcastingand Space Weather Applications1.3 Layout of the BookSuggested Readings

2 The General Structure of the Ionosphere2.1 Introduction2.2 Main Sources of Ionization of the Earth’s Upper Atmosphere2.2.1 Sun and Solar Interactions2.2.2 The Solar Wind, the Geomagnetic Field,and the Magnetosphere2.2.3 Solar and Geomagnetic Indices2.3 General Atmosphere2.3.1 General Description of the Atmospheric Regions,Composition, and Temperature2.3.2 Formation of the Earth’s Ionosphere2.3.3 General Electron Density Profile2.4 Ionospheric Regions2.4.1 Regular Ionospheric Regions2.4.2 Sporadic Ionospheric Layer Es2.5 Ionospheric Irregularities2.5.1 Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances2.5.2 Spread-FSuggested Readings



3 Ionospheric Measurements and Characteristics3.1 Introduction3.2 Basic Physical Principles of the Magneto-Ionic Theory3.2.1 Basic Equations of an Electromagnetic Wave3.2.2 The Appleton–Hartree Formula3.3 Vertical and Oblique Incidence Sounding in the Ionosphere3.3.1 Vertical Incidence Sounding3.3.2 Oblique and Backscatter Sounding3.3.3 Ionosondes3.3.4 Ionograms and Their Interpretation3.4 Ionospheric Scattering3.4.1 Incoherent Scatter Radar: EISCAT3.4.2 Coherent Scatter Radar: SuperDARN3.5 In-Situ Measurements and Trans-Ionospheric Propagation3.5.1 Topside Measurements3.5.2 Ionospheric Sounding with GNSS SignalsSuggested Readings

4 Ionospheric Spatial and Temporal Variations4.1 Introduction4.2 Geographic and Geomagnetic Variations4.2.1 High-Latitude Ionosphere4.2.2 Equatorial Ionosphere4.3 Daily and Seasonal Variations at Mid-Latitudes4.3.1 D Region4.3.2 E and F1 Layers4.3.3 F2 Layer4.4 Solar Cycle Variations at Mid-LatitudeSuggested Readings



5 Ionospheric Models for Prediction and Forecasting5.1 Introduction5.2 The Ionospheric Inverse Problem5.3 Theoretical and Parameterised Ionospheric Models5.4 Models of the Electron Density Profile in the Ionosphere5.4.1 True Height of Peak Density: The ShimazakiFormula and Subsequent Improvements5.4.2 Bradley and Dudeney Model5.4.3 International Reference Ionosphere (IRI):Basic Principles and Equations for the Electron Density Profile5.4.4 The NeQuick Model5.5 Assimilation Models in the IonosphereSuggested Readings

6 Ionospheric Prediction for Radio Propagation Purposes6.1 Introduction6.2 Long-Term Prediction Maps6.2.1 Global Prediction Maps6.2.2 Regional Prediction Maps6.2.3 Local Single Station Models6.3 Instantaneous Mapping6.3.1 Contouring Techniques6.3.2 Instantaneous Mapping Based on Additional Screen-Point Values6.4 Nowcasting: Real-Time Ionospheric Specification6.4.1 IPS Global and Regional Nowcasting Maps6.4.2 SIRMUP. 6.5 Testing ProceduresSuggested Readings



7 Total Electron Content Modelling and Mapping7.1 Introduction7.2 TEC Evaluation Technique from RINEX Files7.3 Total Electron Content Modelling7.4 Global Total Electron Content Mapping7.5 Regional Total Electron Content Mapping7.6 Total Electron Content and Ionospheric Tomography. Suggested Readings

8 Ionospheric Forecasting8.1 Introduction8.2 Ionospheric Disturbances8.2.1 Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance (SID) 8.2.2 Polar Cap Absorption8.2.3 Ionospheric Storm8.3 Ionospheric Forecasting Techniques8.3.1 Statistical Methods8.3.2 Neural Network Methods8.3.3 Forecasting MapsSuggested Readings



9 Prediction and Nowcasting for HF Applications and Radio Links9.1 Introduction9.2 HF Ionospheric Performance Predictions9.2.1 Geometrical Aspects or Basic Principles of an HF Radio Link: The Secant Law and Martyn Theorem9.2.2 MUF Definition and Calculation9.2.3 Determination of the Path of an ElectromagneticWave in the Ionosphere 9.2.4 Definition and Calculation of Attenuation and LUF 9.2.5 Point to Point HF Prediction and Nowcasting9.2.6 HF Area Prediction and Nowcasting 9.3 Existing Prediction and Nowcasting Propagation Procedures9.3.1 IONCAP, VOACAP, and ICECAP.9.3.2 The IPS Advanced Stand Alone Prediction System9.3.3 France Telecom Method9.4 What Purpose Do Ionospheric Prediction, Nowcasting, and Forecasting Serve?Suggested Readings

10 Current and Future Trends in Ionospheric Prediction and Forecasting10.1 Introduction10.2 Ionospheric Prediction and Forecasting in Radio WavePropagation as an Important Contribution to Space Weather10.3 Mitigation of Disturbances and Signal Errors in GNSS and Other Systems10.3.1 Navigation Systems10.3.2 Communication Systems10.3.3 Surveillance10.4 Lithosphere and Ionosphere Coupling10.5 ConclusionsSuggested Readings



Conclusion


Thanks for your attention!

HF management communication system and link optimization Bruno Zolesi. [email protected] [email protected] Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia.

Documents

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available ionospheric

skip distance

maximum frequency

point radio link

given frequency fob

frequency planner

given muf