INTRODUCTION BRAND INTRODUCTION: Bra ndi ng is centuries old. Bri ck- mak ers in anc ien t Egy pt pla ced symbols on their bricks to identify their products. Brand names, however, first appeared in the early 16th century, when Whisky Distillers shipped their products in wooden barrels with the name of the producer burned orbranded on the top of each brand. The brand concept evolved in the 18th century as the names and pictures of animals, place of origin, and famous people began replacing many of the producer’s names. The new purpose was to strengthen the association of brand names with product. Producers wanted both to make their products easier to remember and to differentiate their products from that of their competitors. In 19th century, brand was used to enhance a producer’s perceived value through such associations. The purpose and strategies of branding have evolved even further in the 20th century. The concept of brand equity, however, has received much attention recently. - 1 -
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INTRODUCTION
BRAND INTRODUCTION:
Branding is centuries old. Brick-makers in ancient Egypt placed
symbols on their bricks to identify their products. Brand names, however,
first appeared in the early 16th century, when Whisky Distillers shipped
their products in wooden barrels with the name of the producer burned or
branded on the top of each brand.
The brand concept evolved in the 18th century as the names and
pictures of animals, place of origin, and famous people began replacing
many of the producer’s names. The new purpose was to strengthen the
association of brand names with product. Producers wanted both to make
their products easier to remember and to differentiate their products from
that of their competitors.
In 19th century, brand was used to enhance a producer’s perceived
value through such associations. The purpose and strategies of branding
have evolved even further in the 20th century. The concept of brand equity,
however, has received much attention recently.
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Brand equity form an individual customer perceptive is reflected by
the increase in attitudinal strength for a product using that brand. Three
elements are essential in building a strong brand with the consumer: apositive brand evaluation, an accessible brand attitude and consistent brand
image.
Branding is an essential element of product strategy. Brands serve
important communication function, and doing so, establish beliefs among
consumers about the attributes and general image of the product. After a
brand has been established, the brand name, logo and trademark serve to
remind and reinforce the beliefs that have been formed. To reach this stage,
the firms must have made good on their promises.
Extend to which a brand or brand name is recognized by potential
buyers, and correctly associated with the particular product in question.
This is a general term that describes the services offered by most
search engine marketing companies. Search engine promotion is the process
of increasing rankings, traffic and brand awareness resulting and search
engines.
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The degree to which the objectives of an advertisement or advertising
campaign have been achieved; the effectiveness is commonly gauged be
measuring the effect on sales, brand awareness, brand preference etc.
Awareness the percentage of population or target market who are
aware of the existence of a given brand or company.
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INDUSTRY PROFILE
EVOLUTION OF TWO WHEELER:
Around the turn of the 20th century, bicycle racing was big in the USA
Bicycles would race around big curved tracks called velodromes aided by
pacing machines powered by internal combustion engines. These pacers
were made in Europe and often broke down. A young designer named Oscar
Hedstrom built his own American pacer. He met up with a racer named
George Hendee who had his own bicycle manufacturing plant in Springfield,
MA. The two combined forces and created a bicycle powered by an engine
developed by Hedstrom. Thus was born the Hendee Manufacturing
Company and the Indian motorcycle. They chose the name Indian since it
would signify an American product. George Hendee became known as the
Big Chief (B.C.) and Oscar Hedstrom became known as the Medicine Man.
The factory was called the Wigwam and the dealer network was called the
Tribe.
The company finally changed its name from the Hendee
Manufacturing Company to the Indian Motorcycle Company in 1923.The
first V-twins from Indian were produced in 1907. Hedstrom left the
company after a dispute in 1913, never to work in the motorcycle industry
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again. In another dispute within the newly formed company, Hendee also
left the company in 1916. Indian began making motorcycles in 1901 as the
Hendee Manufacturing Company. The first production model was in 1902and 143 units were produced.
In 1903 376 motorcycles were sold. It continued production through
1953 when it no longer made the classic Indian. In 1999 Indian motorcycles
were again produced, this time by the Indian Motorcycle Corporation. This
was not the same company but it did have rights to the Indian name and
trademarks.
We present here a look at Indian models from the first prototype
model in 1901 to the present as provided by About.com members. A gallery
called "58 Years of Indian" is provided that gives a picture and description
for each model year from 1901 to 2003. of this article discusses the founding
and early growth of the Indian Motocycle Company. Note the spelling here
of "motocycle" instead of "motorcycle." The term "motocycle" was an
archaic word used in the nineteenth century to denote any horseless carriage.
Indian wanted to distinguish itself from the competition by using the older
word.
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Historical Industry Development
India is the second largest manufacturer and producer of two-wheelers
in the world. It stands next only to Japan and China in terms of the number
of two-wheelers produced and domestic sales respectively. This distinction
was achieved due to variety of reasons like restrictive policy followed by the
Government of India towards the passenger car industry, rising demand for
personal transport, inefficiency in the public transportation system etc.
The Indian two-wheeler industry made a small beginning in the early
50s when Automobile Products of India (API) started manufacturing
scooters in the country. Until 1958, API and Enfield were the sole producers.
In 1948, Bajaj Auto began trading in imported Vespa scooters and
three-wheelers. Finally, in 1960, it set up a shop to manufacture them in
technical collaboration with Piaggio of Italy. The agreement expired in
1971.
In the initial stages, API dominated the scooter segment; Bajaj Auto
later overtook it. Although various government and private enterprises
entered the fray for scooters, the only new player that has lasted till today is
LML.
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Under the regulated regime, foreign companies were not allowed to
operate in India. It was a complete seller market with the waiting period for
getting a scooter from Bajaj Auto being as high as 12 years.
The motorcycles segment was no different, with only three
manufacturers viz Enfield, Ideal Jawa and Escorts. While Enfield bullet was
a four-stroke bike, Jawa and the Rajdoot were two-stroke bikes. The
motorcycle segment was initially dominated by Enfield 350cc bikes and
Escorts 175cc bike.
The two-wheeler market was opened to foreign competition in the
mid-80s. And the then market leaders - Escorts and Enfield - were caught
unaware by the onslaught of the 100cc bikes of the four Indo-Japanese joint
ventures. With the availability of fuel-efficient low power bikes, demand
swelled, resulting in Hero Honda - then the only producer of four stroke
bikes (100cc category), gaining a top slot.
The first Japanese motorcycles were introduced in the early eighties.
HERO HONDA Suzuki and Hero Honda brought in the first two-stroke and
four-stroke engine motorcycles respectively. These two players initially
started with assembly of CKD kits, and later on progressed to indigenous
manufacturing. In the 90s the major growth for motorcycle segment was
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brought in by Japanese motorcycles, which grew at a rate of nearly 25%
CAGR in the last five years.
The industry had a smooth ride in the 50s, 60s and 70s when the
Government prohibited new entries and strictly controlled capacity
expansion. The industry saw a sudden growth in the 80s. The industry
witnessed a steady growth of 14% leading to a peak volume of 1.9mn
vehicles in 1990.
The entry of Kinetic Honda in mid-eighties with a radiometric scooter
helped in providing ease of use to the scooter owners. This helped in
inducing youngsters and working women, towards buying scooters, who
were earlier, inclined towards moped purchases. In the 90s, this trend was
reversed with the introduction of cooperates. In line with this, the scooter
segment has consistently lost its part of the market share in the two-wheeler
market.
In 1990, the entire automobile industry saw a drastic fall in demand.
This resulted in a decline of 15% in 1991 and 8% in 1992, resulting in a
production loss of 0.4mn vehicles. Barring Hero Honda, all the major
producers suffered from recession in FY93 and FY94. Hero Honda showed a
marginal decline in 1992.
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The reasons for recession in the sector were the incessant rise in fuel
prices, high input costs and reduced purchasing power due to significant rise
in general price level and credit crunch in consumer financing. Factors likeincreased production in 1992, due to new entrants coupled with the recession
in the industry resulted in company either reporting losses or a fall in profits.
India is one of the very few countries manufacturing three-wheelers in
the world. It is the world's largest manufacturer and seller of three-wheelers.
Bajaj Auto commands a monopoly in the domestic market with a market
share of above 80%, the rest is shared by Bajaj Tempo, Greaves Ltd and
Scooters India.
The total number of registered two-wheelers and three-wheelers on
road in India, as on March 31, 1998 was 27.9mn and 1.7mn respectively.
The two-wheeler population has almost doubled in 1996 from a base of
12.6mn in 1990.
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COMAPANY PROFILE
HERO HONDA MOTORS LTD.
Founded January 19, 1984 in Gurgaon, Haryana, India
Headquarters New Delhi, India
Key people
Brijmohan Lal Munjal, Founder
Mr. Brijmohan Lal Munjal, Chairman
Mr. Toshiaki Nakagawa, Joint Managing
Director
Mr. Pawan Munjal, Managing Director, CEO
Industry Automotive
Products Motorcycles, Scooters
HISTORY OF HEROHONDA:
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Hero Honda Motors Limited, based in Delhi, India, is the world's
largest manufacturer of motorcycles. Hero Honda is a joint venture that
began in 1984 between the Hero Group of India and Honda of Japan. It has
been the world's biggest manufacturer of 2-wheeled motorized vehicles
since 2001.
Hero Honda's Splendor is the world's largest selling motorcycle. Its 2
plants are in Dharuhera and Gurgaon, both in India. Third plant at Haridwar,
Uttranchal. It will have world class production facilities like Lean
Manufacturing concept, more flexible lines & Stream line material flow,
within & proximity (Planning to set vendors in nearby locating constituting
HHML Park). It specializes in dual use motorcycles that are low powered
but very fuel efficient.
Hero Honda bikes currently roll out from two globally benchmarked
manufacturing facilities based at Dharuhera and Gurgaon in Haryana. These
plants together are capable of churning out more bikes. A third state of the
art manufacturing facility at Hardwar in Uttranchal will soon be
commissioned to cope with sustained customer demand.
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During the 80s, Hero Honda became the first company in India to
prove that it was possible to drive a vehicle without polluting the roads. The
company introduced new generation motorcycles that set industry
benchmarks for fuel thrift and low emission.
A legendary 'Fill it - Shut it - Forget it' campaign captured the
imagination of commuters across India, and Hero Honda sold millions of
bikes purely on the commitment of increased mileage.
Hero Honda two wheelers are almost as many as the number of people
in Finland, Ireland and Sweden put together.
HERO HONDA'S MISSION:
Hero Honda’s mission is to strive for synergy between technology,
systems and human resources, to produce products and services that meet
the quality, performance and price aspirations of its customers. At the same
time maintain the highest standards of ethics and social responsibilities.
This mission is what drives Hero Honda to new heights in excellence
and helps the organization forge a unique and mutually beneficial
relationship with all its stake holders.
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HERO HONDA'S MANDATE:
Hero Honda is a world leader because of its excellent manpower,
proven management, extensive dealer network, efficient supply chain and
world-class products with cutting edge technology from Honda Motor
Company, Japan. The teamwork and commitment are manifested in the
highest level of customer satisfaction, and this goes a long way towards
reinforcing its leadership status.
“Hero” is the brand name used by the Munjal brothers in the year
1956 with the flagship company Hero Cycles. The joint venture between
India's Hero Group and Honda Motor Company, Japan has not only created
the world's single largest two wheeler company but also one of the most
successful joint ventures worldwide.
Hero Honda has consistently grown at double digits since inception;
and today, every second motorcycle sold in the country is a Hero Honda.
Every 30 seconds, someone in India buys Hero Honda's top -selling
motorcycle - Splendor.
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Hero Honda's extensive sales and service network now spans over
3000 customer touch points. These comprise a mix of dealerships, service
and spare points, spare parts stockists and authorized representatives of
dealers located across different geographies.
Hero Honda values its relationship with customers. Its unique CRM
initiative - Hero Honda Passport Program, one of the largest programs of this
kind in the world, has over 3 million members on its roster. The program has
not only helped Hero Honda understand its customers and deliver value at
different price points, but has also created a loyal community of brand
ambassadors.
Having reached an unassailable pole position in the Indian two
wheeler market, Hero Honda is constantly working towards consolidating its
position in the market place. The company believes that changing
demographic profile of India , increasing urbanization and the empowerment
of rural India will add millions of new families to the economic mainstream.
This would provide the growth ballast that would sustain Hero Honda in the
years to come. As Brijmohan Lall Munjal, the Chairman, Hero Honda