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FUTURE CITIES ENSURING WORLD CLASS CIVIC AMENITIES IN URBAN

INDIA

• TEAM DETAILS

1> TEAM NAME

SANKALP

2> TEAM MEMBERS

<i> ENAYATUL HAQUE

<ii> SWAGATAM CHAKRABORTI

<iii> ARITRO BANERJEE

<iv> JIT KAMDAR

<v> HARSH JOHARI

Needs

Food

Electricity

Other Forms Of energy

Hygiene

•Drainage

•Maintenance

Security

Employment

Primary Education

Potable Water

Transport

Healthcare

These core areas, need special emphasis in order to plan our future cities, and to try to meet all these demands of the population with a higher degree of proximity

Factors to consider while designing Future Cities

Need Fulfillment

Macro Need Fulfillment

Micro Need Fulfillment

Country

Zone

State

Region

City

Locality

A Single Home

Macro

Micro

The aim of this approach would be to enable the masses to shift from macro need fulfillment to micro need fulfillment, as much as possible.

A simple procedure would be to try and have as many needs of a single home fulfilled on each level and to carry minimum number of requisites to the next level.

A Single House should be

made capable of

Generating some amount of electricity

Use Rain Water Harvesting coupled with filtration techniques to generate potable water

Generate small amount of food using small

“Kitchen gardens”

The Idea is to provide cheap sustainable technology to the masses to empower them to meet a part of their own demands. This should be central to the idea of the establishment of a Future City.

Steps to be taken:-

Provide Appropriate Tech at affordable prices for the masses to be able to harvest renewable sources of energy and rain water at the same time.

Spread Awareness about Long terms gains on such investments

Engineer properly foolproof designs to implement on large scales

Upgrade Transmission Lines and Check pilferage to increase efficiency of old energy generation processes

Establish a network for flow in and out of electricity and harvested water from homes to a local reservoir-Like Andhra Pradesh Solar Power Schemes

Electricity/Energy and Micro need fulfillment at home level

Outline of Scheme

1)Power generated should be used by that house.surplus power to be turned over to the grid,in return,power credit to be given

2)Power credit used to buy power in times of low solar power generation/higher needs.

3)Wind power to be factored in and used with time

In 2006 between the domestic, agricultural, and industrial sectors, India used approximately 829 billion cubic meters of water every year, which is approximately the size of Lake Erie. By 2050 demand is expected to double and consequently exceed the 1.4 trillion cubic meters of supply. Thus Future Cities should be equipped to deal with water demands of this stature.

Reduce

• Reduce use of water at micro levels,through National Awareness Programmes

• Reduce wastage of water, through awareness and technical upgradation.

Reuse

• Install Local Water Treatment Plants to reuse water from local sources/Rainwater

• Install Regional Treatment plants,to purify waste water from industries etc.,for domestic/agricultural uses

Harvest

• Implement Schemes for nationwide household water harvesting, analogous to MNRE Solar City Programme

• Implement Water credit Schemes, analogous to solar power credit schemes

International Approach For Future Water Management

1)Desalinisation Plants-1 in every 2 people live near a coast so desalinisation plants make for a great way of potable water generation.National Level Research should be funded to find cheap,and sustainable processes of desalinisation

2)Water Market-saving just 5-10% of agricultural irrigation in upstream watersheds could satisfy a city’s entire water needs .Farmers should profit from the water they save(to motivate them)by being able to “sell” it in one way or the other. Governments should help establish Water Markets like in Murray-Darling Basin,Australia. Or Deals between irrigation regions and cities.

Potable Water

Micro-Level Water Governance For Future Cities

1) Community outreach program to involve people for water conservation.eg-San Antonio Water System’s Program

2)Government sponsored incentives, free consultation, and rebates for citizens to conserve water

3)Water Treaties with local farmers, motivating them with benefits and/or financial assistance in lieu of water conservation on their part. This water is an excellent local water resource

4)Setting up of Government Institutes for Agricultural/Irrigational water conservation technology.

Mobility By 2050, India will add another 497 million to its urban population, and the estimated transit demand by 2021 is likely to increase by over 2½ times. These estimates lay bare glaring deficits in the current level of public transport. Inadequate and inefficient transport infrastructure will prevent the economy from realizing its full growth potential, and increase the cost of transport.

Forming the National Urban Transport Finance Corporation(NUTFC), which would be a non-banking financial institution(NBFC) formed for providing loans to mass transit agencies

Engineering New-Age Public Transport systems using high rise Mono rail systems, Underground Metrorail,and efficient surface transport network(Preferrably e-transport)

Providing subsidies on owning and maintaining e-cars. Funding Research for public e-transport. Conversion of all Government and Public Transport vehicles to electric car forms by a fixed time frame

Providing incentives to companies following “Walk to work”priniciple wherein companies give accomodation to employees within walking distance of the office

Aerospace

Land Water

Future Integrated Transport System

1)Reduce demand for transport using “virtual transport”-Telecommunication,E-commerce etc. Improve efficiency Set-up institutions to monitor and regulate Future Transport

2)Provide for seamless and high quality intermodal transport-sea to rail, land to air etc. Fine-tune use of all modes to achieve efficient and time saving transport techniques

3)Provide funding for and set up organizations to create quiet,clean,environment friendly,highly efficient and safe modes of transport.

4)Creation of National Vision For Transport 2050 and Nationwide Infrastructure to improve future transport

Security-With a 212% increase in total cognizable crimes in India from 1953 to 2006,security will be a major factor that will decide the form of our future cities

Year

Total cog.

crimes under

IPC

Murder Kidnap

ping Robber

y Theft

Burglary

1953 6,01,964

9,802 5,261 8,407 147,379

20,529

2006 18,78,293

32,481 23,991 18,456 91,666 56,641

% Change in 2006 over 1953

212.0 231.0 356.0 120.0 −38.0 176.0

Current Security Concerns

• Shortage of 0.5 million police officials

• MIT Research shows lack of trust on Indian police

• Outdated equipment/infrastructure

• Inefficient crime punishment procedure ,increasing pending cases

• Inept crime prevention system

Security Measures For Future cities

Procurement and Installation of CCTV cameras, wherever feasible. Setting-up of special control rooms to monitor such CCTVs

Setting up of National Police Training Institutes and Police Watchdog organizations in major cities, to train and monitor police personnel respectively

Restructure National Police training to include formal education of appropriate level, and sensitization courses to create sensible. Trained and educated officers.

Revise pay for the police forces, and create funds for infrastructure and equipment, to bring pride into police services

Train Local Personnel to act as ad-hoc security officials for each locailty, ensuring constant surveillance in each area

Increase Patrols in selected places across cities

Induction of region specific Helpline numbers for speedy response

Primary education

The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) ranks India almost at the bottom of the pack in terms of math and English literacy. This, according to its test, is attributed to the “lack of application-oriented math in schools". Future Cities will need to address the demand for uniform high quality education across all cities

Problems

• Low scores on PISA indicate wrong methods of learning/incomplete concepts

• 99 percent of the 7.95 lakh teachers who appeared for the latest Central Teacher Eligibility Test, a benchmark for teacher eligibility, failed to clear the exam. This is largely due to the outdated B.Ed degree system.

• Lack of Quality Education institutions in every city

Solutions

• Formation of Centralized testing institutions to test students across all cities and across all boards of education

• Establishment of National Teacher Training institutions with branches in every state, to ensure quality training of teachers

• Proper implementations of RTE coupled with expanding current schools to accommodate more students

Employment

By 2030, India will be the country which will have the largest working age population in the world and possibly the youngest population too. Unemployment rate in India has increased. It is 2% in rural areas and 3% in urban India. The unemployment rate per 1,000 population is at 27, while it was 25 two years ago. As on January 1, 2010, the number of unemployed was 9.8 million. By January 1, 2012, it has increased to 10.8 million.

Future Cities: Provision for Employment within one’s city

A second energy revolution in India,(for renewable energy)could generate 1.5 million jobs according to a report by Greenpeace India. Keeping this in mind, Future cities should exploit all possible renewable sources of energy in/around the city to generate employment

Generation of Region specific jobs.

Setting up of local Employment agencies to help people search for appropriate jobs

Preferential employment of locals for ad-hoc local projects to save time and money

Healthcare-With a staggering population to handle, Future Cities should be well equipped to keep their residents healthy

Establishment of State-of-the-Art Hospitals in all

major cities

Establishment of Local Emergency Helpline numbers

for speedy response

Ingenious location of hospital,

central to a city, for easy

serviceability and reachability

Deployment of Eminent Doctors in each city using

a centralized deployment

scheme

Access to health and social services

Clean ,green areas for exercise, leisure

Public Sports complex/stadium

Recreational facilities

Agencies to check intra city pollution

Food-By 2050,India’s Population will be 1.69 billion, whilst China’s will be 1.31 billion. This gives reason for Future Cities to try to be as much self sufficient in terms of food, as possible.

Food security solutions for Future Cities

1)Convert wasteland near Cities to farmland to meet the city’s specific demands

2)Encourage “Kitchen Gardens” and “Urban Farming” methods, to generate small amounts of food.

3)Sustainable Development-Conversion of valuable farmland to urban sprawls should be stopped. Shelter for the growing population should not be at the cost of Food Dependency

Maintenance

Park Maintenance

Street Maintenance

Storm Drain System

Maintenance

Fleet/Equipment Maintenance

Hygiene/ Maintenance

Future cities: Maintenance and Hygiene

1)The City Municipal Authorities should have specialized departments catering to each of the above needs of a city’s maintenance

2)Design and planning should be done by able engineers and architects. Cues may be taken from the Indus Valley Civilizations wherein the roads where designed along the natural direction of winds, so that the roads would be swept clean by the winds

3)Cities should have a separate Hygiene Evaluation department which would oversee the work of all other organizations with respect to the city’s hygiene

Specialized Departments

Park Maintenance-The Park Maintenance section's primary mission is the maintenance of the City's park and open space assets. Like-litter removal, restroom maintenance, turf management, landscape maintenance, tree maintenance, irrigation system maintenance.

Street Maintenance The Street Maintenance Section's primary mission is the maintenance of the City's transportation assets. Year-round activities include a street sweeping, sign maintenance and installation, inclement weather response, community event support

Storm Drain Maintenance-Should be a dynamic department whose main aim would be to keep a city’s roads from getting flooded.

Fleet/Equipment Maintenance-The main aim of this department would be to maintain the vehicle fleet/equipment of the city maintenance departments and the like. It's scope can be widened to maintain public transport vehicles.

Communication-Future Cities should be prepared to cater to the communication needs of a huge population. Effective Communication would ease transport burden due to “Virtual Transport” Capabilities

Steps

• Establishment of city wide Wi-Fi Networks to enable internet access for all, analogous to the MIT Roofnet program

• Establishment of Government Videocommunication services at prominent locations in the city,analogous to Cisco’s Video communication Services

Benefits

• Cheap internet access for all can also earn valuable revenue for the Government

• Wi-Fi Connectivity everywhere.

• Would help to curb unnecessary transport due to high quality video interface solutions for business/enterprise works

Communication

Internet

Wired Phones

Video communication

Cellular phones

REFERENCES

1.CENSUS REPORT 2011

2.BM.(2011). IBM Helps India’s Wave Inc Build Smarter Township.Retrieved from https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/36054.wss 3.McKinsey Global Institute. (2010). India’s Urban Awakening: Building Inclusive Cities, Sustaining Economic Growth. Retrieved from http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/urbanization/urban_awakening_in_india 4.Dhar, A. (2012, April 6). India will see highest urban population rise in next 40 years. The Hindu. Retrieved from http://www.thehindu.com/news/india-will-see-highest-urban-population-rise-in-next-40-years/article3286896.ece 3.Forbes 4.Wikipedia