Hernán Chaimovich Workshop Science Funding Landscape Guatemala July 26-28, 2009

Hernán ChaimovichWorkshop

Science Funding LandscapeGuatemala

July 26-28, 2009

OUTLINE

• DIVERSITY IN LAC• VIEWS FROM THE ACADEMIES• TOWARDS A BETTER FUTURE• AN EXAMPLE OF SCIENCE AND

SOCIETY

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P&D Investment (%)

Population (%)

Population and P&D Investment World (%)

USA40%

EUROPE40%

ASIA/PACIFASIA/PACIF17%17%

ASIA/PACIFASIA/PACIF17%17%

LAT. AM3%

PRODUÇÃO INTERNACIONAL DE CIÊNCIA INDEXADA

DIVERSITY LATIN AMERICA

AND THECARIBBEAN REGIONS

POPULATION POPULATION ( MILLIONS) RELATIVEBOLIVIA 9,35 7BRAZIL 187 144COLOMBIA 43,41 33COSTA RICA 4,33 3CUBA 11,2 9DOMINICAN 9,61 7ECUADOR 13,4 10EL SALVADOR 6,76 5GUATEMALA 13,02 10HAITI 9,45 7HONDURAS 7,37 6JAMAICA 2,67 2NICARAGUA 5,53 4PANAMA 3,29 3PARAGUAY 6,02 5PERU 27,59 21TRINIDAD 1,3 1VENEZUELA 27 21

GNP GNP(PPC

MILLIONS) RELATIVEBOLIVIA 36,83 3BRAZIL 1701,71 147

COLOMBIA 290,57 25

COSTA RICA 35,31 3CUBA 100 9

DOMINICAN 56,4 5ECUADOR 94,33 8

EL SALVADOR 38,99 3

GUATEMALA 57,69 5HAITI 11,56 1

HONDURAS 22,19 2JAMAICA 20,18 2

NICARAGUA 15,43 1PANAMA 30,43 3

PARAGUAY 24,27 2PERU 195,65 17TRINIDAD 24,79 2

VENEZUELA 303,21 26

GNP/CAPITA GNP/HAB RELATIVEBOLIVIA 3,94 3BRAZIL 9,10 7COLOMBIA 6,69 5COSTA RICA 8,15 7CUBA 8,93 7DOMINICAN 5,87 5ECUADOR 7,04 6EL SALVADOR 5,77 5GUATEMALA 4,43 4HAITI 1,22 1HONDURAS 3,01 2JAMAICA 7,56 6NICARAGUA 2,79 2PANAMA 9,25 8PARAGUAY 4,03 3PERU 7,09 6TRINIDAD 19,07 16VENEZUELA 11,23 9

Papers 2008-2009 PAPERS RELATIVEBOLIVIA 313 6BRAZIL 48549 899COLOMBIA 3880 72COSTA RICA 662 12CUBA 2126 39DOMINICAN 78 1ECUADOR 551 10EL SALVADOR 87 2GUATEMALA 168 3HAITI 54 1HONDURAS 64 1JAMAICA 630 12NICARAGUA 110 2PANAMA 553 10PARAGUAY 102 2PERU 1096 20TRINIDAD 380 7VENEZUELA 2402 44

PAPERS/CAPITA PAPERS/ MILLION HAB BOLIVIA 33,48 6BRAZIL 259,62 45COLOMBIA 89,38 16COSTA RICA 152,89 27CUBA 189,82 33DOMINICAN 8,12 1ECUADOR 41,12 7EL SALVADOR 12,87 2GUATEMALA 12,90 2HAITI 5,71 1HONDURAS 8,68 2JAMAICA 235,96 41NICARAGUA 19,89 3PANAMA 168,09 29PARAGUAY 16,94 3PERU 39,72 7TRINIDAD 292,31 51VENEZUELA 88,96 16

PAPERS/GNP PAPERS/MILLION GNP RELATIVEBOLIVIA 8,50 6BRAZIL 28,53 21COLOMBIA 13,35 10COSTA RICA 18,75 14CUBA 21,26 15DOMINICAN 1,38 1ECUADOR 5,84 4EL SALVADOR 2,23 2GUATEMALA 2,91 2HAITI 4,67 3HONDURAS 2,88 2JAMAICA 31,22 23NICARAGUA 7,13 5PANAMA 18,17 13PARAGUAY 4,20 3PERU 5,60 4TRINIDAD 15,33 11VENEZUELA 7,92 6

GNP % GNP GNP % GNP

US$ PPC US$ PPC

Billons R&D Billons R&D

Argentina 491,01 0,44 Honduras 17,5 0,06

Bolívia 24 0,26 Jamaica 10,5 0,08

Brasil 1.509,93 1,32 México 1.019,76 0,41

Canadá 1.061,88 1,96 Nicarágua 8,37 0,17

Chile 182,25 0,68 Panamá 22,44 0,24

Colômbia 309,97 0,17 Paraguay 27,22 0,08

Costa Rica 43,13 0,38 Uruguay 29 0,22

Ecuador 59,83 0,07 Venezuela 150,02 0,26

El Salvador 261,92 0,08

USA 11.734,30 2,66

GNP and R&D Investment (%)

ISI/Capita e GNP/Capita

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Bahamas

Trinidad Tobago

Ciência e GNPAmérica Latina

Corr(Pearson) = 0.30

ISI/Capita e População

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População (Milhões)

ISI/

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ita

Ciência e PopulaçãoAmérica Latina

Corr (Pearson) = 0,26

ISI/Capita e IDH

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Ciência e IDHAmérica Latina

Corr (Pearson) = 0,60

• EXAMPLES OF THE VIEWS OF ACADEMIES OF SCIENCE ABOUT THE CURRENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SCENARIO

CASWe have not been very successful in convincing the political leaders that the region can only achieve sustainable economic development through science and technology. It is quite apparent now that the knowledge based economy can only change the status of a country from a developing to developed stage. We need to focus our attention on some research areas which are critical for the region – such as alternate energy, biotechnology, natural products related specifically to the development of new range of drugs and ICT. We need international funding to develop these areas of research in the Caribbean region. Also it is extremely important to institute a funding mechanism to promote exchange programme for scientists in the Caribbean region to spend a year or so to do research in the developed countries.

Bolivia

Bolivia as a country does not posses neither a program that would enable Bolivian scientists to receive training in foreign countries nor incentives for their return.But the Vice Ministry of Science and Technology is elaborating a strategic plan for the development of science and technology.

Colombiac) The Academy wishes to continue the sequence of international seminars (encounters) where both Colombian and foreign scientist’s research leaders pursue mutual cooperation in selected topics.d) Make members of Government (president, ministers, congressmen) and, in general, politicians more conscious about the unavoidable need of science, technology and innovation for the social and economic growth of the country, as well as for the wellbeing of all citizens. e) Strengthen the relationship between the private, business and financial sectors with the SNCTI, as well as giving committed support to the CT&I programs convinced, as we are, that the CT&I will give added value to our national products. f) Increasing the percentage of effective GDP committed to the development of projects and programs in CT&I

GuatemalaThe national system for the support of science is The National Council for Science and Technology (http://concyt.gob.gt). It has a executive secretariat that is denominated National Secretariat for Science and Technology, it has the aim to promote science, technology and innovation for the well being of the Guatemalan people.  As a funding mechanism exists the National Fund for Science and Technology that is administrated by the National Secretariat for Science and Technology, it has lines for funding; one of them is a competitive fund for science and technology (Fun for Scientific and Technological Development). The national resources allocated for the fund by the National Congress in the annual budget are very low (less than 1.5 million dollars).

Honduras

En resumen se puede decir que hay muy poco desarrollo científico y tecnológico en Honduras, hay muy pocos investigadores y muy poco apoyo para la ciencia y la investigación científica. Muchas personas influyentes en el Gobierno y en la Industria piensan que la ciencia es un lujo que no se puede permitir un pueblo pobre, con lo cual se está perpetuando la pobreza y el atraso.

Nicaragua

Are Raw Materials Our Only Contribution to Science?The state of the sciences in Nicaragua is deplorable. Without a national plan of scientific development and research priorities, with few human and material resources for science, technology, and innovation, and no overall culture, vision or ethics of science among the political class, we are certain to remain economically powerless and underdeveloped. Nor can democracy flourish without science and a scientific culture.Jorge A. Huete Pérez

http://www.envio.org.ni/articulo/3716

CAN WE INVENT A BETTER FUTURE?

IAC REPORT

www.interacademycouncil.net/

Inventing a Better Future

The urgency to promote world wide science and technology capacity

1.- The world is changing at a rapid pace, driven by science and technology2.- Business-as-usual will leave an ever-growing gap between ‘have’ and ‘have-not’ nations.3.- Local S&T capacity is essential for using and contributing to the world’s valuable store of knowledge.4.- The culture and values of science are critical for building a global community.5.- Investments in science and technology are increasingly important for economic growth.6.- Building capacity in agriculture, engineering, health, and the social sciences is essential for national development.

Science, technology, and society

1.- National S&T strategies identify priorities for addressing critical needs.2.- Independent scientific advice improves decision making for public policies.3.- The public requires dissemination of new knowledge for addressing critical issues.

Expanding human resources

1.- Developing nations should build up, attract, and maintain S&T talent. 2.- S&T capacity building is a shared regional and global responsibility. 3.- Digital libraries of science and technology can bring knowledge to virtually everyone, everywhere.

Creating world-class research institutions1.- Strong universities are critical for expanding national S&T capacities. 2.- Virtual networks of excellence link the scientific talents of entire regions and the globe. 3.- National academies of sciences, engineering, and medicine can improve the quality of national S&T programs.

Engaging the public and private sectors

1.- Clear legal frameworks promote successful public-private interaction.

2.- Public-private partnerships are critical if science and technology are to benefit society.

3.- The international private sector sponsors S&T research that has great potential for addressing challenges in developing nations.

Agendas for major actors in building science and technology capacity

S&T-lagging countries

-1. Identify national science and technology goals and priorities.2. Mobilize international expertise for promoting national capabilities in science and technology.3. Orient S&T capacity for achieving national goals. 4. Participate in regional or international centers of excel lence that address issues of national need.5. Establish mechanisms for S&T advice to government.6. Provide information on S&T resources and issues to the public.7. Upgrade educational programs and institutions.8. Join regional and international S&T training and research programs.9. Increase S&T career opportunities within the country.

United Nations agencies and regional inter-governmental

organizations1. Help developing nations to identify national S&T goals and priorities.2. Support research and development efforts in develop ing nations that address local and global needs.3. Help developing nations to upgrade their educational institutions and programs.4. Help developing nations in providing information on S&T resources and issues to the public.5. Facilitate regional and international S&T training programs.6. Support the development of digital S&T information sources.

National academies of sciences, engineering, and medicine

1. Participate in national efforts to identify national S&T goals and priorities.2. Help the government to assess strengths and weak nesses of national capacities for achieving national S&T goals.3. Provide S&T advice to the government.4. Encourage new centers of excellence that address issues of national need.5. Promote the upgrading of ongoing research programs that address issues of national need.6. Promote the upgrading of educational programs and institutions.7. Provide information on S&T issues of importance to the public.

National, regional, and international S&T organizations

1. Facilitate the effectiveness of research programs in developing nations.2. Participate in providing scientific advice to developing-nation governments on scientific questions related to public policies and programs.3. Help developing nations to upgrade their educational institutions and programs.

International development-assistance organizations

1. Help developing nations to identify national S&T goals and priorities. 2. Support research and development efforts in develop ing nations that address local and global needs.3. Help developing nations to upgrade their educational institutions and programs.4. Help provide information on S&T resources and issues to the public.5. Help promote public-private partnerships.6. Facilitate regional and international S&T training programs.7. Support the development of digital S&T information sources.

Public and Private Foundations

1. Support research and development efforts in develop ing nations that address local and global needs.2. Help developing nations to upgrade their educational institutions and programs.3. Help developing nations to provide information on S&T resources and issues to the public.4. Facilitate regional and international S&T training programs.5.Support the development of digital S&T information sources.6. Play an important role in implementing the actions proposed in this report, either individually or in part nerships with national governments; private sector; and international, regional, and local agencies.

Local, national, and international private sectors (for-profit entities)

1. Participate in national efforts to identify national S&T goals and priorities.2. Support research and development efforts in develop ing nations that address local and global needs.3. Participate in government-university-industry partner ships for strengthening S&T capacity.4. Help developing nations to upgrade their educational institutions and programs.5. Help provide information on S&T resources and issues to the public.

• to assist in the building of national scientific capacities by strengthening science and technology relationships among the countries of the Americas, as a tool for societal development;

• to cooperate in building capacities of the Academies of the region, through exchange of information and experience;

• to aid in the creation of new Academies in those countries of the Americas desiring assistance in the establishment of a Science Academy; and

• to influence the scientific decision-making processes in the Americas, with the goal of promoting prosperity and equity in the hemisphere.

Linking and strengthening the scientific community in the hemisphere, IANAS believes it may play a major role in contributing to the promotion of scientific capacity and excellence for sustainable development in the Americas.

IANAS HELPS

CAN WE INVENT A BETTER FUTURE?

AN EXAMPLE NATURE, PEOPLE,

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INOVATION WORKING TOGETHER FOR THIRTY YEARS

Thanks, Gracias,Obrigado,Merci, ,Grazie, for listening.

FIM, The END,FIN, C´est Finit,Fine.