Heritage South Australia, DEW 1 Salisbury Civic Centre (26513) HERITAGE ASSESSMENT REPORT NAME: Salisbury Civic Centre PLACE: 26513 ADDRESS: 12 James Place, Salisbury DESCRIPTION &ANALYSIS Salisbury Civic Centre Source: DEW Files 16 January 2020 The Salisbury Civic Centre is a complex of cream brick structures, designed in the Late Twentieth Century Adelaide Regional style and is located on a large site on James Street in the centre of the town of Salisbury. The original design was composed as a series of structures, namely the Civic Centre and Library that are linked by an Exhibition Hall and two separate structures known as the Women’s Rest building that accommodates a Mothers and Babies Health Clinic, public toilets and a garage for Council vehicles. The Civic Centre is a large three-storey building that accommodates Council staff offices on the ground floor, the Council Chamber and associated offices on the first floor and mechanical plant on the second floor. The Library has a mezzanine level that once accommodated journals and magazines and offices for the library staff. The Women’s Rest Centre has public toilets accessible from the street, while inside there is a suite of rooms that were once used for a Mothers and Babies Health Clinic and are now used for a variety of community services. The site was extensively
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HERITAGE ASSESSMENT REPORT NAME: Salisbury Civic Centre ... · Twentieth Century Adelaide Regional style and is located on a large site on James ... inbuilt and moveable furniture
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Heritage South Australia, DEW 1
Salisbury Civic Centre (26513)
HERITAGE ASSESSMENT REPORT
NAME: Salisbury Civic Centre PLACE: 26513
ADDRESS: 12 James Place, Salisbury
DESCRIPTION &ANALYSIS
Salisbury Civic Centre
Source: DEW Files 16 January 2020
The Salisbury Civic Centre is a complex of cream brick structures, designed in the Late
Twentieth Century Adelaide Regional style and is located on a large site on James
Street in the centre of the town of Salisbury. The original design was composed as a
series of structures, namely the Civic Centre and Library that are linked by an Exhibition
Hall and two separate structures known as the Women’s Rest building that
accommodates a Mothers and Babies Health Clinic, public toilets and a garage for
Council vehicles.
The Civic Centre is a large three-storey building that accommodates Council staff
offices on the ground floor, the Council Chamber and associated offices on the first
floor and mechanical plant on the second floor. The Library has a mezzanine level
that once accommodated journals and magazines and offices for the library staff.
The Women’s Rest Centre has public toilets accessible from the street, while inside
there is a suite of rooms that were once used for a Mothers and Babies Health Clinic
and are now used for a variety of community services. The site was extensively
2 Heritage South Australia, DEW
Salisbury Civic Centre (26513)
landscaped including a series of courtyard gardens and ornamental ponds where
rainwater from the roof was collected.
The original design of the Civic Centre incorporated organic planning that responded
to site conditions and the client’s functional needs while rejecting historical reference.
The aesthetic considerations of the building were achieved through the expression of
the structural system and use of natural materials. The buildings feature a series of
gently pitched roofs with overhanging eaves, clad in concrete tiles and incorporating
clerestory windows. The bricks are used as both structural elements and as face brick
decoration. Other structural elements are exposed off-form concrete beams and
exposed timber framing to the roof (glulam beams and trusses). The ceilings are lined
with Stramit ‘wood wool’ panels. Partitions, doors and windows all feature exposed
timber frames constructed using traditional joinery techniques. Remnant bespoke
inbuilt and moveable furniture also reflect high-quality design and craft skills in
detailing and joinery.
When Dickson designed the 1975 building he did so with the knowledge that it would
be extended1 and he was engaged in 1980 to undertake major additions that were
completed in 1981. The additions infilled the space between the Civic Centre and
garage, converted the garage to office use and substantially extended the library. In
1990, a lift tower was added adjacent to the stairwell. During the 1980-1981 additions,
the internal spaces of the Civic Centre were totally reorganised, including relocation
of the Mayor’s office from the first floor to the ground floor. A number of other infill
additions have occurred since 1981 and the interior has been totally reorganised
many times, including a major refit in 2012. Major changes to the interior configuration
included the relocation of the public service area and replacement of the Exhibition
Hall front façade brick wall with glazing, reducing its ability to function as an exhibition
space. A new exhibition hall was built perpendicular to it. The additions included a
similar materials palette but do not have the same level of design detailing and
architectural merit.
Later additions have copied stylistic elements of the original Late Twentieth Century
Adelaide Regional style features of the building, but most are unsympathetic to the
original design of the building. For example, the 1981 major addition to the Civic
Centre infilled the space between the original building and the garage and
incorporated a sawtooth, rather than deep awning form roof. Other distinctive roof
forms were also altered to suit mechanical plant and new, awkward roof junctions
were created by the infill additions.
Internally, the additions created large spaces with few windows and a confusing mix
of ceiling lines and heights. While the internal reorganisation and fit out of rooms has
resulted in a circuitous and often confusing pathway through the space. The loss of
the landscape elements that were integral to the design also diminishes the context
and setting of the Civic Centre.
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Salisbury Civic Centre (26513)
Building Stages of the Salisbury Civic Centre
Key
Extent of building in 1975
Extent of building in 1981
Addition of lift tower 1990
Later additions
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Salisbury Civic Centre (26513)
HISTORY
A Very Brief History of Salisbury and Local Government
While the Hundred of Yatala was not proclaimed until October 1846, parcels of land
in the Hundred were purchased by special survey from 1839, while others obtained
occupation licenses or took their chances and squatted on the land. One squatter
was John Harvey, who had arrived in South Australia in 1839. Harvey originally moved
to Mount Barker, however from 1843 he relocated to the Para Plains and reputedly
managed a run that extended from Port Gawler to Mount Torrens. After the Hundred
of Yatala was declared, Harvey decided to purchase some of the land he had
previously occupied and in August 1847 he was granted 172 acres in sections 2191
and 2230 on the Little Para River.2
It was section 2191 that Harvey decided to subdivide into the town of Salisbury,
named after Salisbury in Wiltshire where his wife Ann had migrated from. Sale of
allotments began in June 1848 and by September 1854 the nucleus of the town was
well established with 45 allotments sold and the community boasting four publicans,
an inn keeper, doctor, schoolmaster, a variety of builders and labourers amongst
others.3
The passage of the District Council Act 1852 enabled local communities to petition
the Governor to proclaim a defined area as a District Council. Soon after, 120 residents
of the Hundred of Yatala petitioned the government resulting in the formation of the
first District Council of Yatala on 15 June 1853. The Council meet in hotels until 1858
when it purchased land at Gepps Cross and built a council chamber there. However,
the large extent of the Council area and the diversity of needs of its residents lead to
its division into two separate Councils in 1868. The Dry Creek was the dividing line and
the new councils were renamed Yatala North and Yatala South. Yatala North would
eventually become the City of Salisbury.4
The District Council of Yatala North meet for many years in the parlour of a local hotel
at Salisbury, however, in 1889 it was proposed that they relocate their meetings to the
Institute, which had been built in 1884.5 Although it is not clear if subsequent Council
meetings were held at the Institute a Council Office was noted in the 1909 Cyclopedia
of South Australia as one of Salisbury’s many public buildings.6 While Lewis states that
Council meetings were being conducted at the town clerk’s residence prior to the
opening of the Council’s first purpose built Council Chambers in 1925.7
In September 1933, after various amalgamations and boundary redistributions the
District Council of Salisbury was constituted. A new Council Chamber was built in 1955
and opened in the June of that year. Nine years later in 1964, the Council was
conferred city status and became the City of Salisbury.8 A new multi-purpose Civic
Centre (subject of this assessment) was opened by Premier Don Dunstan on 21 June
1975.
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Salisbury Civic Centre (26513)
Salisbury Council Building, 1925
Source: Lewis, p.296.
Salisbury Council Offices, 1955
Source: Lewis, p.296.
Dickson & Platten Architects and the Salisbury Civic Centre
In 1972, the City of Salisbury asked for submissions for the design of a new Civic Centre.
While a number of Adelaide architectural firms presented submissions the project was
awarded to Robert Dickson from notable firm Dickson & Platten. The Civic Centre is
one of the last commissions for Dickson & Platten and first for Robert Dickson &
Associates as in 1973, the partnership between Dickson and Newell Platten was
amicably dissolved.
Newell Platten and Robert Dickson are important architectural practitioners in South
Australia and during their partnership, which began in 1958, they were leaders in the
evolution of modern architecture locally, to create what is recognised nationally as
the Late Twentieth Century Adelaide Regional style. Most of the critical research on
Dickson & Platten has been undertaken by Dr Rachel Hurst, Senior Lecturer in
Architecture at the School of Art Architecture and Design, UniSA who described
Dickson as ‘one of the most significant practitioners of modern architecture in
Adelaide’.9
While Dickson and Platten were in partnership they tended to work individually,
however, the similarity of their philosophy to design resulted in an approach employed
by both that was based on ‘close site relationships, simple planning, economical use
of materials and construction, innovative detail and low energy considerations’.10
They honed this approach in the early years of their practice through the design of
houses and later applied it and a domestic scale to many of the medium and larger
projects they were commissioned to design.11 See Comparability, Rarity and
Representation for further information.
As previously mentioned the complex was designed in 1973 and opened in 1975. In
1976 Robert Dickson & Associates was awarded an Award of Merit by the Royal
Australian Institute of Architects for the Salisbury Civic Centre. It was followed by a
Certificate of Merit by the Civic Trust of South Australia in 1977, however, it should be
noted that Platten was instrumental in establishing the Civic Trust of South Australia in
1969. The Civic Centre was featured in Architecture Australia in 1977 and noted in the
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Salisbury Civic Centre (26513)
architect’s comments that the Civic Centre and Library had been ‘planned to allow
for expansion to the north’. 12
View of the northern elevation (rear) c1975. The courtyard was infilled with the
sawtooth roof buildings in 1981
Source: Architecture Museum Dickson Collection S272
In the following years Dickson had more than ten commissions to alter the Civic Centre
or reorganise its internal layout, the most substantial occurred in 1980 (completed
1981) and included large additions to the Civic Centre, Library and conversion of the
garage into office space and file storage. A major reorganisation of office space and
the relocation of the Mayor’s Office from the first floor to the ground floor also
occurred at this time. The construction of a lift tower adjacent to the stairwell at the
front of the building followed in 1990. Since then further modification to the complex
have occurred including a major interior refit in 2012.13
In the mid-2010s, the City of Salisbury decided to construct a new multi-purpose
building to suit the growing needs of the community. At that time the Civic Centre
was in need of costly repairs and it was not unusual for staff to keep a large plastic
bag under their desk to cover their computers to protect them from the leaking roof
when it rained.14 There was some opposition to the Council’s proposal to construct the
Salisbury City Centre Community Hub including a petition, however community
concerns were not related to the loss of the Civic Centre per se but rather the cost of
the new building and an associated increase in rates.15 Other members of the
community were concerned about the rehousing of the goldfish in the two ponds at
the front of the building.16 The Hub was officially opened over the weekend of 30
November – 1 December 2019.17
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Salisbury Civic Centre (26513)
Chronology
1839 A special survey is completed and some of the land in what becomes the
Hundred of Yatala is sold.
John Harvey arrives in South Australia.
1843 John Harvey relocates from Mount Barker to the Para Plains, where he
manages a run that extends from Port Gawler to Mount Torrens.
1846 Hundred of Yatala proclaimed.
1847 John Harvey purchases land in the Hundred of Yatala including section
2191, which he subdivides into the township of Salisbury.
1848 Sale of allotments at Salisbury begins.
1852 District Council Act 1852 is assented.
1853 The residents of the Hundred of Yatala petition the government to form a
district council. The District Council of Yatala is proclaimed on 15 June.
1854 45 allotments at Salisbury have been sold and the nucleus of a town has
formed.
1858 DC Yatala purchases land at Gepps Cross and builds its first Council
Chambers.
1868 DC Yatala is divided into two separate councils, DC Yatala South and DC
Yatala North.
1884 An Institute building is constructed at Salisbury.
1889 There is a proposal that DC Yatala North meet in the Institute building rather
than local hotel parlours. It is unclear if this occurred.
1909 The Cyclopedia of South Australia notes a Council Office as one of
Salisbury’s public buildings.
1925 The first purpose built Council Chamber is built at Salisbury, prior to its
opening the Council met at the District Clerk’s home.
1933 Council boundary redistributions and amalgamations are finalised and the
District Council of Salisbury is proclaimed.
1955 A new Council Chambers is constructed at Salisbury.
1956 The first councillor to represent the residents of the Elizabeth new town is
elected to Salisbury DC and nearly a decade of turmoil between Elizabeth
and Salisbury begins.
1958 Robert Dickson and Newell Platten go into partnership and form the
architectural practice Dickson & Platten.
1964 Severance between Elizabeth and Salisbury finalised and the City of
Salisbury declared.
1969 Newell Platten is instrumental in the formation of the Civic Trust of South
Australia.
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Salisbury Civic Centre (26513)
1973 Robert Dickson is awarded the commission to design a new Civic Centre for
the City of Salisbury.
1975 Salisbury Civic Centre officially opened by Premier Don Dunstan 21 June.
1976 Robert Dickson & Associated is given an Award of Merit by the Royal
Australian Institute of Architects for the Salisbury Civic Centre.
1977 Salisbury Civic Centre is awarded a Certificate of Merit by the Civic Trust of
South Australia.
1980-
1981
Robert Dickson is commissioned to undertake a major extension to the
Salisbury Civic Centre
1990 Robert Dickson is commissioned to add a lift at the Salisbury Civic Centre.
2012 A major interior reorganisation and fit out on the Salisbury Civic Centre
occurs.
2019 1 December the new Salisbury City Centre Community Hub opens.
ASSESSMENT OF HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE
Statement of Heritage Significance:
The recommendation to the South Australian Heritage Council is that the Salisbury
Civic Centre does not meet any of the s16 criteria in the Heritage Places Act 1993 for
listing as a State Heritage Place. Therefore a Statement of Heritage Significance has
been not been prepared for the nominated place.
Comparability / Rarity / Representation:
Key stylistic indicators of the Late-Twentieth Century Adelaide Regional Style
The Late-Twentieth Century Adelaide Regional style is a local response to modernism
that is adapted to climate, site and lifestyle. As previously noted, Robert Dickson and
Newell Platten were leaders in the evolution of the style. Other key practitioners were
John Chappel and JD Craven.
Apperly et al note the following attributes that define the style:
Mainly domestic
Textured walls of painted or face brick or blockwork
Timber windows and door joinery
Simple shapes freely composed
Low-pitched gable roofs with wide eaves clad in terracotta or concrete tiles
Clerestory windows
Well-shaded verandahs with timber posts and screens
Off-form concrete columns and balustrades
Key stylistic indicators of Dickson & Platten:
Structural expression and materials palette reminiscent of the work of Alvar
Aalto and the Sydney School
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Salisbury Civic Centre (26513)
Design response to site and function; aesthetics arise from the built solutions to
the problem
Rejection of historic allusion and irrelevant beautification
Plan resolution is fundamental, is zoned and defines site relationships
Use of filtered light in circulation corridors to blur edges (clerestory windows)
Direct journey through the space
Thickened walls
Overlapping framed views
Built-in furniture
Shaded living spaces, slatted and shaded verandas
Courtyards
Roof is emblematic and expresses function of the internal spaces while
shaping interesting volumes, module based on width of ‘Solomit’ compressed
straw panelling that was used as a ceiling lining and was often varnished, roof
clad in terracotta or concrete tiles
Interesting use of brick both as face-brick and load-bearing walls, early works
characterised by the use of red brick, cream brick used in later works. Brick is
used as a textural element often as brick-on-edge lintels and grilles (best
example according to Platten is Union House)
Extensive use of exposed timber for trusses and robust internal carpentry
Use of off-form concrete for structural elements
Landscape elements/setting18
University of Adelaide Union Building (SHP 17619), showing an example of the brick
grille and internal timber framing to roof and ‘Solomit’ compressed straw panelling
to ceiling Source: Dickson, p.136.
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Salisbury Civic Centre (26513)
Interior images of the Arkaba Hotel (left) and Dickson & Platten Office (right), note
the use of timber, off-form concrete and brick structural elements Source: Dickson, pp.110,163.
Associated Securities Limited
(demolished) showing the use of off-
form concrete Source: Dickson, p.160.
Oeuvre of Dickson & Platten and representation on the SA Heritage Register
The series list of items in the Dickson Collection held by the Architecture Museum, UniSA
includes the plans for hundreds of commissions undertaken by Dickson & Platten and
later Robert Dickson & Associates. While they designed nearly a hundred houses, their
oeuvre also contains many different building types including schools, libraries, sporting
clubs and facilities, civic buildings, water treatment plants, landscaping, office
buildings and hotels. While many of their houses and practice office building best
express their work, notable larger commissions include the highly intact, State Heritage
listed Kathleen Lumley College, North Adelaide, 1968 (SHP26350) (Platten) and Union
House, 1967-1975 University of Adelaide (Dickson) - a part of the listing for the Union
Heritage South Australia, DEW 11
Salisbury Civic Centre (26513)
Building Group (SHP17619). Unlisted notable examples of their work include the now
demolished Associated Limited Securities building located adjacent to Hindmarsh
Square (Dickson) and the substantially altered Arkaba Hotel, Fullarton (Dickson). Two
further State Heritage Places associated with Robert Dickson are his own home and
the Dickson family beach house:
Dwelling designed by Robert Dickson, 1 Wandilla Drive, Rostrevor, 1952
(SHP26194)
Dickson Beach House, Little Gorge Beach, main South Rd, Normanville, late
1950s (SHP26195)
The four State Heritage Places associated with Dickson & Platten entered on the
Register were all found to meet criteria (e) & (g).
Dickson House, 1952 (SHP 26194)
Source: Dickson, p.29.
Dickson Beach House (SHP26195)
Source: Dickson, p.90.
Heritage Places in the City of Salisbury
The City of Salisbury does not have a local heritage register, however, twenty-four
places in the Council area have been entered in the State Heritage Register as State
Heritage Places. Over a quarter of those places are associated with munitions, while
nearly half are dwellings, farms and associated outbuildings. The remainder are
institutions and public buildings, while there is a single hotel, and church and
cemetery. A sample of State Heritage Places in Salisbury include:
First and Second St John’s Anglican Church & Cemetery, Mary St, Salisbury,
(SHP10580), 1850 & 1865
Former Levels Homestead Stables, 15 Park Way, Mawson Lakes, (SHP25051),
1870s
Former Salisbury Primary School, 2-22 Mary St, Salisbury, (SHP14509), 1877
Former Powder Magazine, Dry Creek Reserve, Walkley Heights, (SHP10578),
1879
Salisbury Institute, Wiltshire St, Salisbury, (SHP10636), 1884
Dwelling (‘Grove Crescent’), 27 Prunus Ave, Elizabeth Vale, (SHP14518), 1893
Old Spot Hotel, 1955 Main North Rd, Salisbury Heights, (SHP14524),1899
Garden College (former Angas Home), 95 Shepherdson Rd, Parafield Gardens,
DESCRIPTION OF PLACE: Multi-function local government civic centre including
council offices, council chamber, library, health clinic,
and exhibition space.
DATE OF COMPLETION: 1975, 1981, 1990, and later additions
REGISTER STATUS: Nominated/Provisional Entry
Date nominated/entered
CURRENT USE: Civic Centre
1975-2019
ARCHITECT: Robert Dickson (Dickson & Platten, Robert Dickson &
Associates).
1975, 1981, 1990.
BUILDER: Marshall &Brougham Pty Ltd
1975
SUBJECT INDEXING: Group: Community facilities / Government /
Health
Category: Public Library, Public Lavatory /
Council Chambers, Office Building /
Clinic
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AREA:
City of Salisbury
LOCATION: Street No.: 12
Street Name: James Street
Town/Suburb: Salisbury
Post Code: 5108
LAND DESCRIPTION: Title
Reference:
CT 5608/704 A2 D50015
Hundred: Yatala
OWNER: Name:
Address:
Town/Suburb:
Post Code:
Heritage South Australia, DEW 23
Salisbury Civic Centre (26513)
SITE PLAN
NAME: Salisbury Civic Centre PLACE: 26513
Salisbury Civic Centre, 12 James Street, Salisbury CT 5608/704 D50015 A2
Legend N
CT boundary
Salisbury Civic Centre (a portion of the built form and landscape elements
extend onto the road reserve)
24 Heritage South Australia, DEW
Salisbury Civic Centre (26513)
PHOTOS
NAME: Salisbury Civic Centre PLACE: 26513
View of northern elevation showing the addition of the lift tower, off-form concrete
as a decorative structural element and cream face brick.
Source: DEW Files 16 January 2020
Women’s Rest Centre.
Source: DEW Files 16 January 2020
Heritage South Australia, DEW 25
Salisbury Civic Centre (26513)
NAME: Salisbury Civic Centre PLACE: 26513
View of the eastern elevation showing
the later additions to the side of the
building.
Source: DEW Files 16 January 2020
View of the northern elevation (rear) showing what was the garage (left) and a
portion of the 1981 additions (right).
Source: DEW Files 16 January 2020
26 Heritage South Australia, DEW
Salisbury Civic Centre (26513)
NAME: Salisbury Civic Centre PLACE: 26513
Portion of the eastern façade showing the 1981 infill between the main building and
the garage.
Source: DEW Files 16 January 2020
Council Chambers note the timber framing to roof and bespoke tables, lighting
gantry is a newer addition.
Source: DEW Files 16 January 2020
Heritage South Australia, DEW 27
Salisbury Civic Centre (26513)
NAME: Salisbury Civic Centre PLACE: 26513
First Floor, note the original window framing.
Source: DEW Files 16 January 2020
First Floor, note the ‘wood wool’ ceiling panels, timber beam and original bespoke
light fitting that was used throughout the 1975 building.
Source: DEW Files 16 January 2020
28 Heritage South Australia, DEW
Salisbury Civic Centre (26513)
NAME: Salisbury Civic Centre PLACE: 26513
Ceiling in the 1981 addition, note the use of similar materials to the 1975 section,
however, the quality of the detailing is not as high and the bespoke light fittings,
which are a feature of the building are not included.
Source: DEW Files 16 January 2020
Office space in the converted garage.
Source: DEW Files 16 January 2020
Heritage South Australia, DEW 29
Salisbury Civic Centre (26513)
NAME: Salisbury Civic Centre PLACE: 26513
View of office space in the Salisbury Civic Centre view from 1981 addition to 1975
building, note the dropped ceiling in the transition between the two spaces.
Source: 16 January 2020
View of the front of the 1975 building, this space was once the Exhibition Hall, the
wall has been slightly pushed out and replaced with glass. Note the difference in the
framing between the original windows above.
Source: DEW Files 16 January 2020
30 Heritage South Australia, DEW
Salisbury Civic Centre (26513)
NAME: Salisbury Civic Centre PLACE: 26513
New internal fit out of the exhibition hall to convert it into a public space.
Source: DEW Files 16 January 2020
Example of new interior fit out to create office space, this area was originally the
public area.
Source: DEW Files
Heritage South Australia, DEW 31
Salisbury Civic Centre (26513)
NAME: Salisbury Civic Centre PLACE: 26513
Interior images of the library taken soon after the building opened, note the
bespoke furniture and fittings and plentiful natural light.
Source: Wood World, July 1984
View from library mezzanine to ground floor library space now converted for office
use.
Source: DEW Files 16 January 2020
32 Heritage South Australia, DEW
Salisbury Civic Centre (26513)
NAME: Salisbury Civic Centre PLACE: 26513
1975 plan of the Salisbury Civic Centre.
Heritage South Australia, DEW 33
Salisbury Civic Centre (26513)
NAME: Salisbury Civic Centre PLACE: 26513
1980 plan showing internal layout of the ground floor, note the relocation of the
Mayor’s office from the first floor.
Source: Architecture Museum S272
34 Heritage South Australia, DEW
Salisbury Civic Centre (26513)
1 Architecture Australia, (1977), vol. 66 no.2, p.33. 2 John Lewis (1980), Salisbury South Australia A History of Town and District, (Investigator Press: Hawthorndene), pp.15-
26, 41-48.
3 Lewis, pp.41-48.
4 Lewis, pp.27-36.
5 ‘Salisbury’, Observer 7 September 1889, p.35.
6 HT Burgess (1909), The Cyclopedia of South Australia, (Alfred G Selway: Adelaide), p.342. 7 Lewis, p299.
8 Lewis, pp.295-296.
9 Rachel Hurst (2002), ‘An Unselfconscious Architecture the work of Robert Dickson’, in Additions to architectural history
the proceedings of the XIXth conference of the Society of Architectural Historians, Australia and New Zealand