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1 Heredity vl nas @ 2013 Mendelian ways of inheritance Véronique Nas 4 October 2013
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Page 1: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

1

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013

Mendelian  ways  of  inheritance

Véronique  Nas4  October  2013

Page 2: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

three  ways  of  inheritance

1  autosomal  dominant  2  autosomal  recessive3  x-­‐linked

Heredity

autosomal  =  not  on  the  sex  chromosomesx-­‐linked  =  on  the  female  sex  chromosome

vl  nas  @  2013 2

Page 3: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  domininant:  one  mutated  gene  will  do

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 3

Page 4: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  domininant:  one  mutated  gene  will  do

let’s  say  the  woman  has  an  inherited  disease,  she  will  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  gene  (orange)

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 3

Page 5: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  domininant:  one  mutated  gene  will  do

let’s  say  the  woman  has  an  inherited  disease,  she  will  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  gene  (orange)

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 3

Page 6: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  domininant:  one  mutated  gene  will  do

let’s  say  the  woman  has  an  inherited  disease,  she  will  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  gene  (orange)she  marries  a  healthy  man  with  two  healthy  genes

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 3

Page 7: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  domininant:  one  mutated  gene  will  do

let’s  say  the  woman  has  an  inherited  disease,  she  will  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  gene  (orange)she  marries  a  healthy  man  with  two  healthy  genes

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 3

Page 8: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  domininant:  one  mutated  gene  will  do

let’s  say  the  woman  has  an  inherited  disease,  she  will  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  gene  (orange)she  marries  a  healthy  man  with  two  healthy  genesif  the  woman  passes  on  her  mutated  gene

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 3

Page 9: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  domininant:  one  mutated  gene  will  do

let’s  say  the  woman  has  an  inherited  disease,  she  will  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  gene  (orange)she  marries  a  healthy  man  with  two  healthy  genesif  the  woman  passes  on  her  mutated  gene

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 3

Page 10: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  domininant:  one  mutated  gene  will  do

let’s  say  the  woman  has  an  inherited  disease,  she  will  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  gene  (orange)she  marries  a  healthy  man  with  two  healthy  genesif  the  woman  passes  on  her  mutated  geneand  the  man  passes  on  a  healthy  gene

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 3

Page 11: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  domininant:  one  mutated  gene  will  do

let’s  say  the  woman  has  an  inherited  disease,  she  will  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  gene  (orange)she  marries  a  healthy  man  with  two  healthy  genesif  the  woman  passes  on  her  mutated  geneand  the  man  passes  on  a  healthy  gene

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 3

Page 12: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  domininant:  one  mutated  gene  will  do

let’s  say  the  woman  has  an  inherited  disease,  she  will  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  gene  (orange)she  marries  a  healthy  man  with  two  healthy  genesif  the  woman  passes  on  her  mutated  geneand  the  man  passes  on  a  healthy  genethan  the  child  will  have  the  disease  as  the  mutated  gene  is  dominant

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 3

Page 13: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  domininant:  one  mutated  gene  will  do

let’s  say  the  woman  has  an  inherited  disease,  she  will  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  gene  (orange)she  marries  a  healthy  man  with  two  healthy  genesif  the  woman  passes  on  her  mutated  geneand  the  man  passes  on  a  healthy  genethan  the  child  will  have  the  disease  as  the  mutated  gene  is  dominant

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 3

Page 14: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  domininant:  one  mutated  gene  will  do

let’s  say  the  woman  has  an  inherited  disease,  she  will  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  gene  (orange)she  marries  a  healthy  man  with  two  healthy  genesif  the  woman  passes  on  her  mutated  gene

if  the  woman  passes  on  her  healthy  gene

and  the  man  passes  on  a  healthy  genethan  the  child  will  have  the  disease  as  the  mutated  gene  is  dominant

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 3

Page 15: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  domininant:  one  mutated  gene  will  do

let’s  say  the  woman  has  an  inherited  disease,  she  will  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  gene  (orange)she  marries  a  healthy  man  with  two  healthy  genesif  the  woman  passes  on  her  mutated  gene

if  the  woman  passes  on  her  healthy  gene

and  the  man  passes  on  a  healthy  genethan  the  child  will  have  the  disease  as  the  mutated  gene  is  dominant

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 3

Page 16: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  domininant:  one  mutated  gene  will  do

let’s  say  the  woman  has  an  inherited  disease,  she  will  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  gene  (orange)she  marries  a  healthy  man  with  two  healthy  genesif  the  woman  passes  on  her  mutated  gene

if  the  woman  passes  on  her  healthy  gene

and  the  man  passes  on  a  healthy  genethan  the  child  will  have  the  disease  as  the  mutated  gene  is  dominant

and  the  man  passes  on  again  a  healthy  gene

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 3

Page 17: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  domininant:  one  mutated  gene  will  do

let’s  say  the  woman  has  an  inherited  disease,  she  will  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  gene  (orange)she  marries  a  healthy  man  with  two  healthy  genesif  the  woman  passes  on  her  mutated  gene

if  the  woman  passes  on  her  healthy  gene

and  the  man  passes  on  a  healthy  genethan  the  child  will  have  the  disease  as  the  mutated  gene  is  dominant

and  the  man  passes  on  again  a  healthy  gene

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 3

Page 18: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  domininant:  one  mutated  gene  will  do

let’s  say  the  woman  has  an  inherited  disease,  she  will  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  gene  (orange)she  marries  a  healthy  man  with  two  healthy  genesif  the  woman  passes  on  her  mutated  gene

if  the  woman  passes  on  her  healthy  gene

and  the  man  passes  on  a  healthy  genethan  the  child  will  have  the  disease  as  the  mutated  gene  is  dominant

and  the  man  passes  on  again  a  healthy  genethan  the  child  will  have  two  healthy  genes  and  no  disease

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 3

Page 19: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  domininant:  one  mutated  gene  will  do

let’s  say  the  woman  has  an  inherited  disease,  she  will  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  gene  (orange)she  marries  a  healthy  man  with  two  healthy  genesif  the  woman  passes  on  her  mutated  gene

if  the  woman  passes  on  her  healthy  gene

and  the  man  passes  on  a  healthy  genethan  the  child  will  have  the  disease  as  the  mutated  gene  is  dominant

and  the  man  passes  on  again  a  healthy  genethan  the  child  will  have  two  healthy  genes  and  no  disease

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 3

Page 20: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  domininant:  one  mutated  gene  will  do

let’s  say  the  woman  has  an  inherited  disease,  she  will  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  gene  (orange)she  marries  a  healthy  man  with  two  healthy  genesif  the  woman  passes  on  her  mutated  gene

if  the  woman  passes  on  her  healthy  gene

whether  it  is  a  girl  ...and  the  man  passes  on  a  healthy  genethan  the  child  will  have  the  disease  as  the  mutated  gene  is  dominant

and  the  man  passes  on  again  a  healthy  genethan  the  child  will  have  two  healthy  genes  and  no  disease

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 3

Page 21: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  domininant:  one  mutated  gene  will  do

let’s  say  the  woman  has  an  inherited  disease,  she  will  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  gene  (orange)she  marries  a  healthy  man  with  two  healthy  genesif  the  woman  passes  on  her  mutated  gene

if  the  woman  passes  on  her  healthy  gene

whether  it  is  a  girl  ...and  the  man  passes  on  a  healthy  genethan  the  child  will  have  the  disease  as  the  mutated  gene  is  dominant

and  the  man  passes  on  again  a  healthy  genethan  the  child  will  have  two  healthy  genes  and  no  disease

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 3

Page 22: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  domininant:  one  mutated  gene  will  do

let’s  say  the  woman  has  an  inherited  disease,  she  will  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  gene  (orange)she  marries  a  healthy  man  with  two  healthy  genesif  the  woman  passes  on  her  mutated  gene

if  the  woman  passes  on  her  healthy  gene

whether  it  is  a  girl  ...and  the  man  passes  on  a  healthy  genethan  the  child  will  have  the  disease  as  the  mutated  gene  is  dominant

and  the  man  passes  on  again  a  healthy  genethan  the  child  will  have  two  healthy  genes  and  no  disease

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 3

Page 23: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  domininant:  one  mutated  gene  will  do

let’s  say  the  woman  has  an  inherited  disease,  she  will  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  gene  (orange)she  marries  a  healthy  man  with  two  healthy  genesif  the  woman  passes  on  her  mutated  gene

if  the  woman  passes  on  her  healthy  gene

whether  it  is  a  girl  ...and  the  man  passes  on  a  healthy  genethan  the  child  will  have  the  disease  as  the  mutated  gene  is  dominant

and  the  man  passes  on  again  a  healthy  genethan  the  child  will  have  two  healthy  genes  and  no  disease

...  or  a  boy

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 3

Page 24: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  domininant:  one  mutated  gene  will  do

let’s  say  the  woman  has  an  inherited  disease,  she  will  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  gene  (orange)she  marries  a  healthy  man  with  two  healthy  genesif  the  woman  passes  on  her  mutated  gene

if  the  woman  passes  on  her  healthy  gene

whether  it  is  a  girl  ...and  the  man  passes  on  a  healthy  genethan  the  child  will  have  the  disease  as  the  mutated  gene  is  dominant

and  the  man  passes  on  again  a  healthy  genethan  the  child  will  have  two  healthy  genes  and  no  disease

...  or  a  boy

every  child  has  a  50%  chance  to  inherite  the  disease

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 3

Page 25: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  domininant:  one  mutated  gene  will  do

let’s  say  the  woman  has  an  inherited  disease,  she  will  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  gene  (orange)she  marries  a  healthy  man  with  two  healthy  genesif  the  woman  passes  on  her  mutated  gene

if  the  woman  passes  on  her  healthy  gene

whether  it  is  a  girl  ...and  the  man  passes  on  a  healthy  genethan  the  child  will  have  the  disease  as  the  mutated  gene  is  dominant

and  the  man  passes  on  again  a  healthy  genethan  the  child  will  have  two  healthy  genes  and  no  disease

...  or  a  boy

every  child  has  a  50%  chance  to  inherite  the  disease

an  example  is  Wagner  syndrome,  a  disease  of  the  reLna  and  vitreous,  associated  with  many  reLnal  detachments

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 3

Page 26: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  domininant:  one  mutated  gene  will  do

let’s  say  the  woman  has  an  inherited  disease,  she  will  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  gene  (orange)she  marries  a  healthy  man  with  two  healthy  genesif  the  woman  passes  on  her  mutated  gene

if  the  woman  passes  on  her  healthy  gene

whether  it  is  a  girl  ...and  the  man  passes  on  a  healthy  genethan  the  child  will  have  the  disease  as  the  mutated  gene  is  dominant

and  the  man  passes  on  again  a  healthy  genethan  the  child  will  have  two  healthy  genes  and  no  disease

...  or  a  boy

every  child  has  a  50%  chance  to  inherite  the  disease

an  example  is  Wagner  syndrome,  a  disease  of  the  reLna  and  vitreous,  associated  with  many  reLnal  detachments

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 3

Page 27: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 4

Page 28: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 4

Page 29: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

both  parents  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  one  (yellow)

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 4

Page 30: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

both  parents  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  one  (yellow)as  the  healthy  gene  is  dominant,  neither  of  the  parents  carry  the  disease

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 4

Page 31: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

both  parents  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  one  (yellow)as  the  healthy  gene  is  dominant,  neither  of  the  parents  carry  the  diseaseonly  if  both  parents  pass  on  the  mutated  gene  to  their  child,  it  will  inherite  the  disease

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 4

Page 32: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

both  parents  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  one  (yellow)as  the  healthy  gene  is  dominant,  neither  of  the  parents  carry  the  diseaseonly  if  both  parents  pass  on  the  mutated  gene  to  their  child,  it  will  inherite  the  diseasethere  are  four  possibiliLes

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 4

Page 33: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

both  parents  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  one  (yellow)as  the  healthy  gene  is  dominant,  neither  of  the  parents  carry  the  diseaseonly  if  both  parents  pass  on  the  mutated  gene  to  their  child,  it  will  inherite  the  diseasethere  are  four  possibiliLes

woman  healthy  gene  +  man  healthy  gene  =  healthy  child,  no  mutated  genes

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 4

Page 34: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

both  parents  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  one  (yellow)as  the  healthy  gene  is  dominant,  neither  of  the  parents  carry  the  diseaseonly  if  both  parents  pass  on  the  mutated  gene  to  their  child,  it  will  inherite  the  diseasethere  are  four  possibiliLes

woman  healthy  gene  +  man  healthy  gene  =  healthy  child,  no  mutated  genes

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 4

Page 35: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

both  parents  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  one  (yellow)as  the  healthy  gene  is  dominant,  neither  of  the  parents  carry  the  diseaseonly  if  both  parents  pass  on  the  mutated  gene  to  their  child,  it  will  inherite  the  diseasethere  are  four  possibiliLes

woman  healthy  gene  +  man  healthy  gene  =  healthy  child,  no  mutated  genes

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 4

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autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

both  parents  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  one  (yellow)as  the  healthy  gene  is  dominant,  neither  of  the  parents  carry  the  diseaseonly  if  both  parents  pass  on  the  mutated  gene  to  their  child,  it  will  inherite  the  diseasethere  are  four  possibiliLes

woman  healthy  gene  +  man  healthy  gene  =  healthy  child,  no  mutated  genes

Heredity

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autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

both  parents  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  one  (yellow)as  the  healthy  gene  is  dominant,  neither  of  the  parents  carry  the  diseaseonly  if  both  parents  pass  on  the  mutated  gene  to  their  child,  it  will  inherite  the  diseasethere  are  four  possibiliLes

woman  healthy  gene  +  man  healthy  gene  =  healthy  child,  no  mutated  geneswoman  healthy  gene  +  man  sick  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  gene

Heredity

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autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

both  parents  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  one  (yellow)as  the  healthy  gene  is  dominant,  neither  of  the  parents  carry  the  diseaseonly  if  both  parents  pass  on  the  mutated  gene  to  their  child,  it  will  inherite  the  diseasethere  are  four  possibiliLes

woman  healthy  gene  +  man  healthy  gene  =  healthy  child,  no  mutated  geneswoman  healthy  gene  +  man  sick  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  gene

Heredity

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autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

both  parents  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  one  (yellow)as  the  healthy  gene  is  dominant,  neither  of  the  parents  carry  the  diseaseonly  if  both  parents  pass  on  the  mutated  gene  to  their  child,  it  will  inherite  the  diseasethere  are  four  possibiliLes

woman  healthy  gene  +  man  healthy  gene  =  healthy  child,  no  mutated  geneswoman  healthy  gene  +  man  sick  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  gene

Heredity

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autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

both  parents  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  one  (yellow)as  the  healthy  gene  is  dominant,  neither  of  the  parents  carry  the  diseaseonly  if  both  parents  pass  on  the  mutated  gene  to  their  child,  it  will  inherite  the  diseasethere  are  four  possibiliLes

woman  healthy  gene  +  man  healthy  gene  =  healthy  child,  no  mutated  geneswoman  healthy  gene  +  man  sick  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  gene

Heredity

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autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

both  parents  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  one  (yellow)as  the  healthy  gene  is  dominant,  neither  of  the  parents  carry  the  diseaseonly  if  both  parents  pass  on  the  mutated  gene  to  their  child,  it  will  inherite  the  diseasethere  are  four  possibiliLes

woman  healthy  gene  +  man  healthy  gene  =  healthy  child,  no  mutated  geneswoman  healthy  gene  +  man  sick  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  gene

woman  sick  gene  +  man  healthy  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  gene

Heredity

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autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

both  parents  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  one  (yellow)as  the  healthy  gene  is  dominant,  neither  of  the  parents  carry  the  diseaseonly  if  both  parents  pass  on  the  mutated  gene  to  their  child,  it  will  inherite  the  diseasethere  are  four  possibiliLes

woman  healthy  gene  +  man  healthy  gene  =  healthy  child,  no  mutated  geneswoman  healthy  gene  +  man  sick  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  gene

woman  sick  gene  +  man  healthy  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  gene

Heredity

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autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

both  parents  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  one  (yellow)as  the  healthy  gene  is  dominant,  neither  of  the  parents  carry  the  diseaseonly  if  both  parents  pass  on  the  mutated  gene  to  their  child,  it  will  inherite  the  diseasethere  are  four  possibiliLes

woman  healthy  gene  +  man  healthy  gene  =  healthy  child,  no  mutated  geneswoman  healthy  gene  +  man  sick  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  gene

woman  sick  gene  +  man  healthy  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  gene

Heredity

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autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

both  parents  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  one  (yellow)as  the  healthy  gene  is  dominant,  neither  of  the  parents  carry  the  diseaseonly  if  both  parents  pass  on  the  mutated  gene  to  their  child,  it  will  inherite  the  diseasethere  are  four  possibiliLes

woman  healthy  gene  +  man  healthy  gene  =  healthy  child,  no  mutated  geneswoman  healthy  gene  +  man  sick  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  gene

woman  sick  gene  +  man  healthy  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  gene

Heredity

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Page 45: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

both  parents  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  one  (yellow)as  the  healthy  gene  is  dominant,  neither  of  the  parents  carry  the  diseaseonly  if  both  parents  pass  on  the  mutated  gene  to  their  child,  it  will  inherite  the  diseasethere  are  four  possibiliLes

woman  healthy  gene  +  man  healthy  gene  =  healthy  child,  no  mutated  geneswoman  healthy  gene  +  man  sick  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  gene

woman  sick  gene  +  man  healthy  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  genewoman  sick  gene  +  man  sick  gene=  child  with  the  disease,  two  sick  genes

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 4

Page 46: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

both  parents  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  one  (yellow)as  the  healthy  gene  is  dominant,  neither  of  the  parents  carry  the  diseaseonly  if  both  parents  pass  on  the  mutated  gene  to  their  child,  it  will  inherite  the  diseasethere  are  four  possibiliLes

woman  healthy  gene  +  man  healthy  gene  =  healthy  child,  no  mutated  geneswoman  healthy  gene  +  man  sick  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  gene

woman  sick  gene  +  man  healthy  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  genewoman  sick  gene  +  man  sick  gene=  child  with  the  disease,  two  sick  genes

Heredity

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autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

both  parents  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  one  (yellow)as  the  healthy  gene  is  dominant,  neither  of  the  parents  carry  the  diseaseonly  if  both  parents  pass  on  the  mutated  gene  to  their  child,  it  will  inherite  the  diseasethere  are  four  possibiliLes

woman  healthy  gene  +  man  healthy  gene  =  healthy  child,  no  mutated  geneswoman  healthy  gene  +  man  sick  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  gene

woman  sick  gene  +  man  healthy  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  genewoman  sick  gene  +  man  sick  gene=  child  with  the  disease,  two  sick  genes

Heredity

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Page 48: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

both  parents  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  one  (yellow)as  the  healthy  gene  is  dominant,  neither  of  the  parents  carry  the  diseaseonly  if  both  parents  pass  on  the  mutated  gene  to  their  child,  it  will  inherite  the  diseasethere  are  four  possibiliLes

woman  healthy  gene  +  man  healthy  gene  =  healthy  child,  no  mutated  geneswoman  healthy  gene  +  man  sick  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  gene

woman  sick  gene  +  man  healthy  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  genewoman  sick  gene  +  man  sick  gene=  child  with  the  disease,  two  sick  genes

Heredity

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autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

both  parents  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  one  (yellow)as  the  healthy  gene  is  dominant,  neither  of  the  parents  carry  the  diseaseonly  if  both  parents  pass  on  the  mutated  gene  to  their  child,  it  will  inherite  the  diseasethere  are  four  possibiliLes

woman  healthy  gene  +  man  healthy  gene  =  healthy  child,  no  mutated  geneswoman  healthy  gene  +  man  sick  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  gene

woman  sick  gene  +  man  healthy  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  genewoman  sick  gene  +  man  sick  gene=  child  with  the  disease,  two  sick  genesevery  child  has  a  25%  chance  of  inheriLng  the  disease

Heredity

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autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

both  parents  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  one  (yellow)as  the  healthy  gene  is  dominant,  neither  of  the  parents  carry  the  diseaseonly  if  both  parents  pass  on  the  mutated  gene  to  their  child,  it  will  inherite  the  diseasethere  are  four  possibiliLes

woman  healthy  gene  +  man  healthy  gene  =  healthy  child,  no  mutated  geneswoman  healthy  gene  +  man  sick  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  gene

woman  sick  gene  +  man  healthy  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  genewoman  sick  gene  +  man  sick  gene=  child  with  the  disease,  two  sick  genesevery  child  has  a  25%  chance  of  inheriLng  the  diseasewhether  it  is  a  girl  or  a  boy

Heredity

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autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

both  parents  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  one  (yellow)as  the  healthy  gene  is  dominant,  neither  of  the  parents  carry  the  diseaseonly  if  both  parents  pass  on  the  mutated  gene  to  their  child,  it  will  inherite  the  diseasethere  are  four  possibiliLes

woman  healthy  gene  +  man  healthy  gene  =  healthy  child,  no  mutated  geneswoman  healthy  gene  +  man  sick  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  gene

woman  sick  gene  +  man  healthy  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  genewoman  sick  gene  +  man  sick  gene=  child  with  the  disease,  two  sick  genesevery  child  has  a  25%  chance  of  inheriLng  the  diseasewhether  it  is  a  girl  or  a  boy75%  of  the  children  has  a  mutated  gene.  they  can  only  pass  on  the  disease  to  their  children  if  they  marry  a  spouse  with  also  a  mutated  gene

Heredity

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autosomal  recessive:  only  2  mutated  genes  cause  the  disease

both  parents  have  a  healthy  gene  (green)  and  a  mutated  one  (yellow)as  the  healthy  gene  is  dominant,  neither  of  the  parents  carry  the  diseaseonly  if  both  parents  pass  on  the  mutated  gene  to  their  child,  it  will  inherite  the  diseasethere  are  four  possibiliLes

woman  healthy  gene  +  man  healthy  gene  =  healthy  child,  no  mutated  geneswoman  healthy  gene  +  man  sick  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  gene

woman  sick  gene  +  man  healthy  gene=  healthy  child,  one  mutated  genewoman  sick  gene  +  man  sick  gene=  child  with  the  disease,  two  sick  genesevery  child  has  a  25%  chance  of  inheriLng  the  diseasewhether  it  is  a  girl  or  a  boy75%  of  the  children  has  a  mutated  gene.  they  can  only  pass  on  the  disease  to  their  children  if  they  marry  a  spouse  with  also  a  mutated  genean  example  is  cysLc  fibrosis  

Heredity

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

Heredity

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomes

Heredity

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomesman:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  and  one  X-­‐chromosome

Heredity

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  gender

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomesman:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  and  one  X-­‐chromosome

Heredity

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  genderon  the  larger  X-­‐chromosome  there  are  genes  that  determine  the  gender  but  also  some  other  genes

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomesman:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  and  one  X-­‐chromosome

Heredity

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  genderon  the  larger  X-­‐chromosome  there  are  genes  that  determine  the  gender  but  also  some  other  genes

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomes

let’s  say  that  on  one  of  the  X-­‐chromosomes  of  a  woman  there  is  a  mutated  gene

man:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  and  one  X-­‐chromosome

Heredity

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  genderon  the  larger  X-­‐chromosome  there  are  genes  that  determine  the  gender  but  also  some  other  genes

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomes

let’s  say  that  on  one  of  the  X-­‐chromosomes  of  a  woman  there  is  a  mutated  gene

man:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  and  one  X-­‐chromosome

Heredity

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  genderon  the  larger  X-­‐chromosome  there  are  genes  that  determine  the  gender  but  also  some  other  genes

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomes

let’s  say  that  on  one  of  the  X-­‐chromosomes  of  a  woman  there  is  a  mutated  gene

man:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  and  one  X-­‐chromosome

Heredity

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  genderon  the  larger  X-­‐chromosome  there  are  genes  that  determine  the  gender  but  also  some  other  genes

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomes

let’s  say  that  on  one  of  the  X-­‐chromosomes  of  a  woman  there  is  a  mutated  gene

man:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  and  one  X-­‐chromosome

than  we  heve  four  possibiliLes

Heredity

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  genderon  the  larger  X-­‐chromosome  there  are  genes  that  determine  the  gender  but  also  some  other  genes

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomes

let’s  say  that  on  one  of  the  X-­‐chromosomes  of  a  woman  there  is  a  mutated  gene

woman  healthy  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  no  mutated  genesman:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  

and  one  X-­‐chromosome

than  we  heve  four  possibiliLes

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 5

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  genderon  the  larger  X-­‐chromosome  there  are  genes  that  determine  the  gender  but  also  some  other  genes

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomes

let’s  say  that  on  one  of  the  X-­‐chromosomes  of  a  woman  there  is  a  mutated  gene

woman  healthy  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  no  mutated  genesman:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  

and  one  X-­‐chromosome

than  we  heve  four  possibiliLes

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 5

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  genderon  the  larger  X-­‐chromosome  there  are  genes  that  determine  the  gender  but  also  some  other  genes

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomes

let’s  say  that  on  one  of  the  X-­‐chromosomes  of  a  woman  there  is  a  mutated  gene

woman  healthy  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  no  mutated  genesman:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  

and  one  X-­‐chromosome

than  we  heve  four  possibiliLes

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 5

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  genderon  the  larger  X-­‐chromosome  there  are  genes  that  determine  the  gender  but  also  some  other  genes

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomes

let’s  say  that  on  one  of  the  X-­‐chromosomes  of  a  woman  there  is  a  mutated  gene

woman  healthy  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  no  mutated  genesman:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  

and  one  X-­‐chromosome

than  we  heve  four  possibiliLes

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 5

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  genderon  the  larger  X-­‐chromosome  there  are  genes  that  determine  the  gender  but  also  some  other  genes

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomes

let’s  say  that  on  one  of  the  X-­‐chromosomes  of  a  woman  there  is  a  mutated  gene

woman  healthy  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  no  mutated  genes

woman  sick  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  one  mutated  genethe  healthy  X  makes  the  girl  not  having  the  disease

man:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  and  one  X-­‐chromosome

than  we  heve  four  possibiliLes

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 5

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  genderon  the  larger  X-­‐chromosome  there  are  genes  that  determine  the  gender  but  also  some  other  genes

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomes

let’s  say  that  on  one  of  the  X-­‐chromosomes  of  a  woman  there  is  a  mutated  gene

woman  healthy  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  no  mutated  genes

woman  sick  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  one  mutated  genethe  healthy  X  makes  the  girl  not  having  the  disease

man:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  and  one  X-­‐chromosome

than  we  heve  four  possibiliLes

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 5

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  genderon  the  larger  X-­‐chromosome  there  are  genes  that  determine  the  gender  but  also  some  other  genes

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomes

let’s  say  that  on  one  of  the  X-­‐chromosomes  of  a  woman  there  is  a  mutated  gene

woman  healthy  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  no  mutated  genes

woman  sick  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  one  mutated  genethe  healthy  X  makes  the  girl  not  having  the  disease

man:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  and  one  X-­‐chromosome

than  we  heve  four  possibiliLes

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 5

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  genderon  the  larger  X-­‐chromosome  there  are  genes  that  determine  the  gender  but  also  some  other  genes

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomes

let’s  say  that  on  one  of  the  X-­‐chromosomes  of  a  woman  there  is  a  mutated  gene

woman  healthy  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  no  mutated  genes

woman  sick  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  one  mutated  genethe  healthy  X  makes  the  girl  not  having  the  disease

man:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  and  one  X-­‐chromosome

than  we  heve  four  possibiliLes

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 5

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  genderon  the  larger  X-­‐chromosome  there  are  genes  that  determine  the  gender  but  also  some  other  genes

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomes

let’s  say  that  on  one  of  the  X-­‐chromosomes  of  a  woman  there  is  a  mutated  gene

woman  healthy  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  no  mutated  genes

woman  sick  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  one  mutated  genethe  healthy  X  makes  the  girl  not  having  the  diseasewoman  healthy  X  +  man  Y-­‐chromosome=  healthy  boy

man:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  and  one  X-­‐chromosome

than  we  heve  four  possibiliLes

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 5

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  genderon  the  larger  X-­‐chromosome  there  are  genes  that  determine  the  gender  but  also  some  other  genes

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomes

let’s  say  that  on  one  of  the  X-­‐chromosomes  of  a  woman  there  is  a  mutated  gene

woman  healthy  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  no  mutated  genes

woman  sick  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  one  mutated  genethe  healthy  X  makes  the  girl  not  having  the  diseasewoman  healthy  X  +  man  Y-­‐chromosome=  healthy  boy

man:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  and  one  X-­‐chromosome

than  we  heve  four  possibiliLes

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 5

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  genderon  the  larger  X-­‐chromosome  there  are  genes  that  determine  the  gender  but  also  some  other  genes

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomes

let’s  say  that  on  one  of  the  X-­‐chromosomes  of  a  woman  there  is  a  mutated  gene

woman  healthy  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  no  mutated  genes

woman  sick  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  one  mutated  genethe  healthy  X  makes  the  girl  not  having  the  diseasewoman  healthy  X  +  man  Y-­‐chromosome=  healthy  boy

man:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  and  one  X-­‐chromosome

than  we  heve  four  possibiliLes

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 5

Page 73: Heredity, Mendelian ways of inheritance

x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  genderon  the  larger  X-­‐chromosome  there  are  genes  that  determine  the  gender  but  also  some  other  genes

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomes

let’s  say  that  on  one  of  the  X-­‐chromosomes  of  a  woman  there  is  a  mutated  gene

woman  healthy  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  no  mutated  genes

woman  sick  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  one  mutated  genethe  healthy  X  makes  the  girl  not  having  the  diseasewoman  healthy  X  +  man  Y-­‐chromosome=  healthy  boy

man:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  and  one  X-­‐chromosome

than  we  heve  four  possibiliLes

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 5

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  genderon  the  larger  X-­‐chromosome  there  are  genes  that  determine  the  gender  but  also  some  other  genes

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomes

let’s  say  that  on  one  of  the  X-­‐chromosomes  of  a  woman  there  is  a  mutated  gene

woman  healthy  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  no  mutated  genes

woman  sick  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  one  mutated  genethe  healthy  X  makes  the  girl  not  having  the  diseasewoman  healthy  X  +  man  Y-­‐chromosome=  healthy  boywoman  sick  X  +  man  Y-­‐chromosome=  boy  with  the  disease

man:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  and  one  X-­‐chromosome

than  we  heve  four  possibiliLes

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 5

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  genderon  the  larger  X-­‐chromosome  there  are  genes  that  determine  the  gender  but  also  some  other  genes

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomes

let’s  say  that  on  one  of  the  X-­‐chromosomes  of  a  woman  there  is  a  mutated  gene

woman  healthy  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  no  mutated  genes

woman  sick  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  one  mutated  genethe  healthy  X  makes  the  girl  not  having  the  diseasewoman  healthy  X  +  man  Y-­‐chromosome=  healthy  boywoman  sick  X  +  man  Y-­‐chromosome=  boy  with  the  disease

man:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  and  one  X-­‐chromosome

than  we  heve  four  possibiliLes

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 5

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  genderon  the  larger  X-­‐chromosome  there  are  genes  that  determine  the  gender  but  also  some  other  genes

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomes

let’s  say  that  on  one  of  the  X-­‐chromosomes  of  a  woman  there  is  a  mutated  gene

woman  healthy  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  no  mutated  genes

woman  sick  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  one  mutated  genethe  healthy  X  makes  the  girl  not  having  the  diseasewoman  healthy  X  +  man  Y-­‐chromosome=  healthy  boywoman  sick  X  +  man  Y-­‐chromosome=  boy  with  the  disease

man:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  and  one  X-­‐chromosome

than  we  heve  four  possibiliLes

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 5

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  genderon  the  larger  X-­‐chromosome  there  are  genes  that  determine  the  gender  but  also  some  other  genes

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomes

let’s  say  that  on  one  of  the  X-­‐chromosomes  of  a  woman  there  is  a  mutated  gene

woman  healthy  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  no  mutated  genes

woman  sick  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  one  mutated  genethe  healthy  X  makes  the  girl  not  having  the  diseasewoman  healthy  X  +  man  Y-­‐chromosome=  healthy  boywoman  sick  X  +  man  Y-­‐chromosome=  boy  with  the  disease

man:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  and  one  X-­‐chromosome

than  we  heve  four  possibiliLes

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 5

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  genderon  the  larger  X-­‐chromosome  there  are  genes  that  determine  the  gender  but  also  some  other  genes

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomes

let’s  say  that  on  one  of  the  X-­‐chromosomes  of  a  woman  there  is  a  mutated  gene

woman  healthy  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  no  mutated  genes

woman  sick  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  one  mutated  genethe  healthy  X  makes  the  girl  not  having  the  diseasewoman  healthy  X  +  man  Y-­‐chromosome=  healthy  boywoman  sick  X  +  man  Y-­‐chromosome=  boy  with  the  diseasegirls  are  never  affected  themselves  but  half  of  them  carry  the  mutated  gene  that  can  be  passed  on  to  her  children

man:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  and  one  X-­‐chromosome

than  we  heve  four  possibiliLes

Heredity

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  genderon  the  larger  X-­‐chromosome  there  are  genes  that  determine  the  gender  but  also  some  other  genes

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomes

let’s  say  that  on  one  of  the  X-­‐chromosomes  of  a  woman  there  is  a  mutated  gene

woman  healthy  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  no  mutated  genes

woman  sick  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  one  mutated  genethe  healthy  X  makes  the  girl  not  having  the  diseasewoman  healthy  X  +  man  Y-­‐chromosome=  healthy  boywoman  sick  X  +  man  Y-­‐chromosome=  boy  with  the  diseasegirls  are  never  affected  themselves  but  half  of  them  carry  the  mutated  gene  that  can  be  passed  on  to  her  childrenboys  have  a  50%  chance  of  inheriLng  the  disease

man:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  and  one  X-­‐chromosome

than  we  heve  four  possibiliLes

Heredity

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x-­‐linked:  on  the  female  sex  chromosome,  only  boys  at  risk

on  the  (liSle)  Y-­‐chromosome  there  are  almost  only  genes  that  determine  the  genderon  the  larger  X-­‐chromosome  there  are  genes  that  determine  the  gender  but  also  some  other  genes

woman:  two  X-­‐chromosomes

let’s  say  that  on  one  of  the  X-­‐chromosomes  of  a  woman  there  is  a  mutated  gene

woman  healthy  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  no  mutated  genes

woman  sick  X  +  man  X-­‐chromosome=  healthy  girl,  one  mutated  genethe  healthy  X  makes  the  girl  not  having  the  diseasewoman  healthy  X  +  man  Y-­‐chromosome=  healthy  boywoman  sick  X  +  man  Y-­‐chromosome=  boy  with  the  diseasegirls  are  never  affected  themselves  but  half  of  them  carry  the  mutated  gene  that  can  be  passed  on  to  her  childrenboys  have  a  50%  chance  of  inheriLng  the  disease

man:  one  Y-­‐chromosome  and  one  X-­‐chromosome

than  we  heve  four  possibiliLes an  example  is  hemophilia  that  ran  in  the  

Russian  tsar  family

Heredity

vl  nas  @  2013 5