Herbicide Use Survey – Presentation...Weed Management Decisions 36% 38% 39% 39% 47% 48% 50% 53% 58% 66% 73% 85% Simplicity Convenience Commodity pricing Protecting wildlife Residual

HerbicideUseSurvey–PresentationFebruary2018

Objectives

• Weed conditions and resistance;

• Important factors in weed management decisions;

• Weeds targeted and herbicide groups applied;

• Practices used to manage and an evaluation of these practices.

Method• Fieldwork – November 2017

• 346 responses from the West

2

Respondent Location

26%

50%

24%

Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba

• 50%ofrespondentscamefromSaskatchewan

• EqualpercentagesfromAlbertaandManitoba

3

Soil Zone

5%

8%

20%

28%

39%

Dark Gray

Gray

Brown

Dark Brown

Black

• Theblacksoilzonepredominatesat(39%)

4

Primary Occupation?

• 65%ofoursamplearefarmowners

5

1%

2%

2%

4%

10%

14%

65%

Farm employee

Researcher

Crop consultant

Farm manager

Agronomist

Partner in farm operation

Farm owner

Seeded Acreage

4%

10%

5%

10%

23%

32%

17%

None

10,000 or more

7,500 – 9,999

5,000 – 7,499

2,500 – 4,999

1,000 – 2,499

Less than 1,000

EstimatedAverage 3,925Acres

• Averageseededacreageisjustunder4,000acres.

6

Weed Conditions on Farm

24%

39%

23%

4% 3%7%

No resistant weeds

Resistant weeds

suspected

Resistant weeds

confirmed

Weeds with multiple

resistances suspected

Weeds with multiple

resistances confirmed

Don’t know

• Amongst62%,resistantweedsareeithersuspectedorconfirmed.

7

Who Makes Weed Management Decisions?

• 28%relyonanagronomistorcropconsultanttomakeweedmanagementdecisions

8

73%

24%28%

2%

Me Family members involved with the

farm

Agronomist/crop consultant

Other

To which herbicide group(s) were the weeds resistant?

57%

65%

1%

4%

1%

13%

1%

2%

7%

Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

Group 6

Group 9

Group 10

Group 14

Don't know

• WeedsareresistantprimarilytoGroups1,2and9.

9

Control Provided by Glyphosate

42% 42%

14%

2% 0% 0%

Excellent Good Average Poor Very poor Don’t know

• Atotalof84%ratethecontrolprovidedbyGlyphosateaseitherexcellentorgood.

10

Conditions on the Farm with Regards to Glyphosate

6%

1%

3%

3%

21%

66%

Don’t know

Weeds with multiples resistances, including resistance to …

Weeds with multiple resistances, including resistance to …

Glyphosate-resistant weeds confirmed

Glyphosate-resistant weeds suspected

No glyphosate-resistant weeds • Two-thirdsreporthavingno

glyphosate-resistantweeds.

• 21%suspectglyphosate-resistantweeds.

11

Location of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds on Farm

84%

5% 2% 5% 3%

In-crop Fence lines Irrigation channels and

ditches

Fallow areas Other

• In-cropistheprimarylocationofherbicide-resistantweeds.

12

Crops Managed in 2017

33%

2%

3%

3%

5%

6%

12%

18%

24%

34%

40%

41%

89%

90%

Other

Chickpea

Potatoes

Other pulse crops

Faba bean

Fallow

Corn

Forages

Lentil

Soybeans

Pea

Barley

Wheat

Canola • Canola(90%)andWheat(89%)werethemostfrequentlymentionedcropsbeingmanaged

13

Attitudes Concerning Weed Management Practices

StatementsthatGenerateStrongAgreement

• Itisbesttovaryweedmanagementpracticesondifferentparcelsorlocationsofmyoperation

58%

• Onanannualbasis,Ivaryweedmanagementpractices,includingherbicideuse 49%

• Onafield-by-fieldbasis,Ivaryweedmanagementpractices,includingherbicideuse

49%

• EachfieldthatImanageisscoutedbeforemakingaweedmanagementdecisionforthatfield

48%

StatementsthatGenerateVeryLittleAgreement• Itisdifficulttofigureoutthebestwaytomanageweedsonmyfarm 5%• Iusehandweedinginsomefieldsandborderareastocontrolweeds 10%• Idonothaveadequatetimetomanageweedsonmyfarm 4%

14

Factors that are “Very Important” When MakingWeed Management Decisions

36%

38%

39%

39%

47%

48%

50%

53%

58%

66%

73%

85%

Simplicity

Convenience

Commodity pricing

Protecting wildlife

Residual weed control

Herbicide cost

Flexibility

Protecting water quality

Controlling soil erosion

Worker safety

Herbicide mode of action

Protecting yield• Intermsofimportance,

“Protectingyield”receivesthemostvotesbyaconsiderablemargin.

15

Herbicide Applications

• Herbicidesaremostfrequentlyappliedduringpost-emergence.

(PercentWhoMakeatleastOneApplicationattheTimeShown)

72%

73%

91%

44%

31%

15%

Pre-seed burndown

Post-harvest

Post-emergence

Pre-emergence

Seeding

Fallow

16

Top Five Weeds Targeted for Control (Mentioned by more than 20%)

• Dominantweedstargetedinclude:Wildoats,Canadathistle,CleaversandKochia.

17

23%

24%

29%

31%

45%

45%

58%

71%

Dandelion

Narrow-leaved hawk’s beard

Wild buckwheat

Volunteer canola

Kochia

Cleavers

Canada thistle

Wild oats

Top Five Weeds Targeted for Control (Mentioned by fewer than 20%)

• Thischartshowsweedsthatwerementionedbyfewerthan20%ofourrespondents(butmorethan10%)

18

11%

11%

11%

13%

14%

14%

16%

19%

Round-leaved mallow

Barnyard grass

Hemp-nettle

Lamb’s-quarters

Sow thistles

Green Foxtail

Volunteer RR canola

Foxtails

67%76%

15%56%

5%30%

3%13%

59%35%

5%2%

5%37%

5%0%1%

3%1%1%

7%1%1%1%

20%13%

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8 Group 9

Group 10 Group 11 Group 12 Group 13 Group 14 Group 15 Group 16 Group 18 Group 19 Group 20 Group 21 Group 22 Group 23 Group 24 Group 26 Group 27

Don't know

Herbicide Groups Applied

• Morethanone-half(50%)ofrespondentsmentionapplyingthefollowingherbicidegroupslastyear:Group2,Group1,Group9,Group4.

19

Herbicide Groups Applied (20% of More) – In Order of Frequency

• Inthischartwerankallgroupsappliedby20%ormoreofourrespondents

20%

30%

35%

37%

56%

59%

67%

76%

Group 27

Group 6

Group 10

Group 14

Group 4

Group 9

Group 1

Group 2

20

Those Rating the Level of Control as Excellent

• HighestratingsareattributedtoGroup’s27,6,4and10.

21

48%

42%

36%

39%

47%

44%

31%

27%

Group 27

Group 10

Group 14

Group 9

Group 6

Group 4

Group 2

Group 1

Level of Concern with Herbicide Resistance

• 84%ofrespondentssaidtheywereextremely/somewhatconcernedbyherbicideresistanceontheirfarm.

34%

50%

6%

7%

3%

0%

Extremely concerned

Somewhat concerned

Neither concerned nor unconcerned

Somewhat unconcerned

Not at all concerned

Don’t know

22

Helpful Tools in Detecting/Managing Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

• MosthelpfultoolsincludeCropscoutingandlaboratorytesting

75%

57%

39%

29%24%

3%

Crop scouting

Laboratory testing for resistance

Herbicide selection

map

Risk assessment

map

On-farm trials

Other

23

Top Three Contributors in the Development ofHerbicide-Resistant Weeds

• 72%agreethatover-relianceonaherbicidewithasinglemodeofactionisthetopcontributorinthedevelopmentofherbicide-resistantweeds.

24

13%

17%

25%

27%

36%

37%

50%

72%

Reliance on herbicide-resistant crops

Biology of weeds

Poor weed management by farmers in an area

Lack of new chemistries to help farmers manage weeds

Cutting herbicide rates

Reliance on glyphosate

Tight cropping rotations

Over-reliance on a herbicide with a single mode of action

Practices Used to Manage Herbicide Resistance in 2017

• Dominantpracticesincluderotatingcrops,applyingfullratesofherbicidesandrotatingherbicidemodesofaction.

25

6%

9%

11%

12%

13%

19%

49%

50%

59%

71%

78%

78%

80%

Machinery biosecurity

Harvest weed seed control

Seedbank management

Narrow rows

Choosing a planting date to reduce weed …

Spot applications

High seeding rates and planting densities

Applying multiple herbicides

Applying herbicide mixes

Applying multiple modes of action (Groups)

Rotating herbicide modes of action

Applying full rates of herbicides

Rotating crops

West

Evaluation of Various Approaches to Managing Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

• Privatecompanyinvestmentisratedbythelargestpercentageofrespondentstobe“veryhelpful”inmanagingherbicide-resistantweeds.

VeryHelpful

Privatecompanyinvestmentintothediscoveryofnewherbicidemodesofaction. 47%

Universityorgovernmentresearchers’discoveryofnewweedmanagementstrategies. 35%

Privatecompanyinvestmentintothediscoveryofnewherbicide-tolerantcrops. 22%

Financialincentivesfromprivatecompaniestospuradoptionofbestmanagementpracticesforweedcontrol.

17%

Financialincentivesfromgovernmenttospuradoptionofbestmanagementpracticesforweedcontrol.

18%

Privatelyledcommunityactiontoimproveadoptionofbestmanagementpracticesforweedcontrol. 10%

Someformofgovernment-mandatedbestmanagementpracticesrequiredforallfarmers. 8%

26

Barriers to the Development of an Herbicide with aNew Mode of Action

• Topbarriersincludedgovernmentregulations,lackofinvestmentbychemicalcompaniesandgreaterinvestmentbycompaniesintoherbicide-resistantcrops.

5%

12%

19%

26%

29%

30%

31%

35%

Other

Growers are not vocal enough in demanding new products.

Lack of public funding for research and development of new herbicides.

Most effective modes of action have already been developed.

International resistance to herbicide-resistant crop traits.

Companies are investing more in developing herbicide-resistant crops.

Lack of investment on the part of the chemical companies.

Government regulations (federal or provincial).

27