HEPATITIS B presentation

This Is HEPATITIS B - Know it

ScopeScope• Definition• Functions of the Liver• The Disease burden• Overview of Hepatitis B• Risk factors• Prevention• Diagnosis• Management

Understanding Understanding HepatitisHepatitisHepatitis means swelling (inflammation) of the liver.

Hepatitis is most often caused by viruses, though other causes include heavy alcohol drinking, some medications and toxins.

When it is caused by viruses, it is called Viral Hepatitis.

Common types of viral hepatitis are Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C.

Functions of the LiverFunctions of the Liver Processing digested food from the intestine

Controlling levels of fats, amino acids and glucose (sugar) in the blood 

Combating infections in the body  Clearing the blood of particles and infections including bacteria 

Neutralising and destroying drugs and toxins 

Manufacturing bile  Storing iron, vitamins and other essential chemical 

How Common Is Hepatitis How Common Is Hepatitis B Infection?B Infection?Worldwide, at least 1 in 12 persons live with viral Hepatitis.

Yearly, 1million people die of it. 40, 000 new infections occur yearly. In Kwara state, amongst blood donors -22%,

Patients with sexually transmitted infections-36% and pregnant women -16%.

It is estimated that there are more than 350 million HBV carriers in the world.

How is it spread?How is it spread?When blood, semen, vagina fluid from

infected person enter the body of someone

who is not infected e.g. through:Unprotected Sexual contact with infected person.

Sharing needles, syringes and other sharps.

Newborns can acquire it from their infected mothers during birth.

What Happens when I Am What Happens when I Am Exposed to Hepatitis B Exposed to Hepatitis B Virus?Virus?Incubation period- between 6weeks to 6months before onset of symptoms.

The infection can be self-limited i.e. resolve on its own (Acute) or chronic (does not resolve and the virus remains in the patient for life).

Acute Hepatitis B Acute Hepatitis B InfectionInfection Mild /No symptoms or very serious symptoms requiring

hospitalization

Symptoms of Acute Hepatitis- these can last from few weeks to several months.

Fever vomiting/nauseadark urine Abdominal pain joint pain

Fatigue Loss of AppetiteJaundiceGrey Colored stool

90% to 95% of infected adults are able to fight off the virus so their infection is cured.

Chronic Hepatitis B Chronic Hepatitis B InfectionInfection Occurs when the Hepatitis B virus remains in a person’s body.

5% -10% of infected adult chronic infection.

90% of infected young children chronic infection

15%- 25% of those with the chronic

Premature death from Liver Cirrhosis and

Liver cancer caused by the virus.

Symptoms Of Chronic Symptoms Of Chronic HepatitisHepatitis Many do not have symptoms and do not know they are infected.

Even when a person has no symptoms, the virus damages the liver silently during this period.

It might take up to 30years before symptoms develop.

Jaundiced patient of Jaundiced patient of Hepatitis B infectionHepatitis B infection

Livers Affected with Livers Affected with Hepatitis B VirusHepatitis B Virus

Effects of Hepatitis B Effects of Hepatitis B on the Liveron the Liver

Complication of Complication of Hepatitis BHepatitis B

Am I at Risk?Am I at Risk?Have unprotected sex with an infected partner

Have unprotected sex with multiple sexual partners

An infant born to an infected motherMen who have sex with other menHave a history of other sexually transmitted disease

Injecting drugs or sharing needles/syringes.

You are on dialysisExposed to blood in your job (health workers)

Goodnews!Goodnews!Hepatitis B can be Hepatitis B can be PreventedPrevented

For adults - 3 shots of vaccine over 6months Pregnant women – Screening of pregnant women during Antenatal

Infants of infected mothers - Immunoprophylaxis with HBV Immunoglobulin and HBV Vaccine within 12 hours of life.

For infants of non infected mothersRoutine infant vaccination.One dose at birth and the rest doses

completed by age 6 -18months. Transfusion of screened blood

Prevention con’tPrevention con’tAvoid sexual contact with a person who has acute or chronic hepatitis B.

Use a condom and practice safe sex.

Avoid sharing personal items, such as razors or toothbrushes.

Do not share drug needles or other drug equipment (such as syringes for snorting drugs).

Can I contact Hepatitis Can I contact Hepatitis B through.....?B through.....?holding hands,sharing eating utensils or drinking glasses,

breast-feeding,kissing, huggingcoughing, or sneezing.

DiagnosisDiagnosisDiagnosis is made by blood testing positive

for the antigen of the Virus.The following tests are done to monitor liver damage from Hepatitis B:

Albumin levelLiver function testsProthrombin time

TreatmentTreatment• Acute Hepatitis needs no treatment other than careful monitoring of liver and other body functions with blood tests.

• You should get plenty of bed rest, drink plenty of fluids, and eat healthy foods.

• In the rare case that result in Liver failure, a Liver transplant is required.

• A Liver transplant is the only cure in some cases of Liver failure.

Treatment cont’dTreatment cont’dSome patients with chronic hepatitis may be treated with antiviral medications.

These medications can decrease Hepatitis B from the blood and reduce the risk of Cirrhosis and Liver Cancer.

ADVICEADVICE

Get to know your Hepatitis B status today and visit your doctor if positive.

If negative, get vaccinated against it

Vaccination saves lives.

World Hepatitis DayWorld Hepatitis DayJuly 28th (in honour of Nobel Laureate Prof. Blumberg, discoverer of the Hepatitis B virus, who celebrates his birthday on that date)

ThankThankyou