Hepatitis 2013 (2)

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  PATITIS

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What Is Hepatitis?

•  The word "hepatitis" means infammationo the liver. Toxins, certain drugs, some

diseases, heavy alcohol use, bacterial andviral inections can all cause hepatitis.Hepatitis is also the name o a amily oviral infections that aect the liver; the

most common types in the nited !tatesare hepatitis , hepatitis #, and hepatitis $.

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 Viral Hepatitis• group o viruses %nown as the hepatitis

viruses cause most cases o liver damageworldwide. Hepatitis can also be due totoxins &notably alcohol', other inections.

• $ommon viruses cause hepatitis include,#,$,(,). *

• cute hepatitis• +iral Hepatitis Hepatitis through ) &more

than -/ o viral cause', Herpes simplex,$ytomegalovirus, )pstein0#arr,yellow ever virus, adenoviruses.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viruseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes_simplexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytomegalovirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein-Barrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoviridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein-Barrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytomegalovirushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes_simplexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viruses

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12nectious3

1!erum3

+iralhepatitis

)ntericallytransmitted

4arenteral

ytransmitted

5, *, TT+6 other

)

NANB

# ( $

Viral Hepatitis - Historical Perspectives

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Hepatitis A

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uc%erman

)dition $hurchill livingstone.

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t *lance

? First characterized in 1973

? RNA virus (member of enterovirus group)

? resent in !arge "uantit# in stoo! ofinfected individua!s

? $esser "uantities in serum and sa!iva

? %an be gro&n in vitro

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$linical 5eatures

@ 8ten asymptomatic in childhood

@ A=B/ icteric under C years o age

@ DB0EB/ icteric inadolescenceFadulthood

@ 5ulminant hepatitis is rare

@ AB./ mortality in children@ Go %nown chronic seuelae or carrier

state

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Prevention

@ 5ood, !ex, Hand, 8ral, nal

@ !peciIc 2g EB0-B/ eJcacy

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Vaccine

@ -K0=BB/ eJcacy

@ Lecommended or high0ris% individuals,such as travelers to endemic areas,

homosexual or bisexual men, drug users,chronic liver disease, children in localeswith high endemic rates

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!)L898*:

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t *lance

? 'ember of hepadnavirus fami!# &ith part!#sing!estranded NA

? ane partic!e is probab!# comp!ete virion and

contains *+sAg

? ,ncomp!ete forms (spherica! and fi!amentouspartic!es) a!so contain *+sAg

? -irion cores (*+cAg) are contained &ithin theincomp!ete forms

? *+eAg e.ists in serum and on hepatoc#tes

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t *lance

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t *lance

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$linical 5eatures

• ,ncubation /090 da#s (range 210)

• 4aundice re!ative!# uncommon in chi!dren

5106 in under 2 #ears o!d 30206 over 2

#ears of age

• Acute morta!it# 0216

• %hronic infection common8 agere!ated

%omp!ications inc!ude chronic persistent andchronic active hepatitis8 hepatoce!!u!ar

carcinoma8 e.trahepatic s#ndromes

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Prevention

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!)L898*:

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*+sAg A*+sAg *+eAg A*+e A*+c

 Acute *+- ,g'

%hronic*+- highinfectivit#

,g:

%hronic*+- !o&infectivit#

,g:

Recover# ,g:

,mmunized

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 TL)T7)GT

• Interferon-α : 5 to 6 million units times!"ee# su$cutaneousl% for& to 6 months'

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Hepatitis C

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!)L898*:

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*+sAg A*+sAg *+eAg A*+e A*+c

 Acute *+- ,g'

%hronic*+- highinfectivit#

,g:

%hronic*+- !o&infectivit#

,g:

Recover# ,g:

,mmunized

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 TL)T7)GT

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(I)IN* +H, B./,NH,A+