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Mental Health of Law
Enforcement Officers: Current
Strategies and Issues in
Prevention and Intervention
Presentation by: Sarah Henderson, B.A., Bryan Steinkopf, M.S., Casey Straud, M.S., Nichole Vincent, M.S., Alexandra Crouch, M.S., Karen Guszkowski, B.A., & Vincent Van Hasselt, Ph.D.Contributing Authors: Vera A. Klinoff M.S., and Kori A. Hakala Psy. D.
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Current Statistics on Police Officer SuicidePresented by: Karen Guszkowski, B.A.
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Substance Abuse
Larson, Eyerman, Foster, & Gfroerer, 2007; FBI LE Bulletin, 2004, 73(10)
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Substance Abuse
FBI LE Bulletin, 2004, 73(10)
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Marital Discord
The Police Chief Magazine, (2015); McCoy & Aamodt, 2010
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Marital Discord
Purple Berets: Domestic Violence in Police Families (2003)
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Health
Concerns
Kirschman, Kamena, & Fay, 2014 Counseling Cops.; Gu et al. 2011
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Anxiety
Police Suicide Study (2012)
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Things to look out for: Fatigue
Difficulty thinking/following conversations
Suddenly snapping/ “on-edge”
Derealization/Depersonalization
Intrusive thoughts
Anxiety
DSM 5 (2014)
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Post-Traumatic
Stress Disorder
(PTSD)
Badge of Life: FAQ (2013); Kirschman, Kemana, & Fay, 2014
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Post-Traumatic
Stress Disorder
(PTSD)
U.S. Dept. of Veteran Affairs: National Center for PTSD (2014); (www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/PTSD-overview/dsm5_criteria_ptsd.asp)
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Depression
Kirschman, Kamena, & Fay, 2014; Police Suicide Study, (2012)
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Access to
Weapons
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Suicide: Let’s
talk figures
Badge of Life (2013); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (2015)
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Suicide: Let’s
talk figures
Kirschman, Kamena, & Fay, 2014; Counseling Cops
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Suicide: Let’s
talk figures
Police Chief Magazine (2015); Aamodt and Stalnaker, 2006
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Suicide:
Protective
Factors
Police Chief Magazine (2015); Aamodt and Stalnaker, 2006
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Why do officers
take their own
lives?
Kirschman, Kamena, and Fay, 2014
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”
Why do officers
take their own
lives?
Kirschman, Kamena, and Fay, 2014
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Police Culture Risk and ResiliencyPresented by: Sarah Henderson, B.A.
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blue Bloods
Kirschman, E. (2007). I love a cop: What police families need to know (Rev. ed.).
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Thin blue line
Kirschman, E. (2007). I love a cop: What police families need to know (Rev. ed.).
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police Family
Kirschman, E. (2007). I love a cop: What police families need to know (Rev. ed.).
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macho Culture
Bergen, Bourne-Lindamood, and Brecknock, 2000; Kirschman, E. (2007). I love a cop: What police families need to know (Rev. ed.)
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Family Stress
White and Honig, 1994; Blumestein, Fidell, & Jones, 2011
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LEO Families
White and Honig, 1994; Kirschman, E. (2007). I love a cop: What police families need to know (Rev. ed.)
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Relationships
Oehme et al., 2011; Kirschman, E. (2007). I love a cop: What police families need to know (Rev. ed.)
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LEO Families
Arredondo, Shumway, Kimball, Dersch., & Bryan, 2002
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coping
Strategies
Horan , Bochantin, & Booth-Butterfield, 2012
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alcohol Use and
Abuse
Violanti, Marshall, & Howe, 1985; Kirschman, E. (2007) I love a caop: What police families need to know (Red. ed).
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alcohol use
Stinson, Liederbach, & Freiburger, 2012
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part of the job
Kates, A. (2008). Copshock: Surviving posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
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Repercussions
Kates, A. (2008). Copshock: Surviving posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
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Unique Stressors for Law Enforcement Officers
Presented by: Alexander Crouch, M.S.
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Goal of this presentation
Point out stresors
Provide Interventions
Increase AWARENESS!!!
TITLEWhat Stress?
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TITLE
Police Stress
Morash et al., 2006
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TITLE
Police Stress
Morash et al., 2006
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Work
Environment
He, Zhao, & Archbold, 2002
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Work
Environment
He, Zhao, & Archbold, 2002
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Support
Territo, and Vetter, 1981
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(Morash, Haarr, & Kwak, 2006)
Organizational
Morash, Haarr, & Kwak, 2006
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Organizational
Morash, Haarr, & Kwak, 2006
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Work/Family
Relationships
Morash, Haarr, & Kwak, 2006
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Life Outside
Territo, and Vetter, 1981
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Job Satisfaction
Territo, and Vetter, 1981
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The Public
Tremoglie, 2012
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Dealing with
Stress
Territo, and Vetter, 1981
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Pre-
employment
Patterson, Chung, and Swan, 2014
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Reducing
Stress
Patterson, Chung, and Swan, 2014
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Family
He, Zhao, & Archbold, 2002
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Mental and Physical Toll from Stressors
Presented by: Nichole Vincent, M.S.
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MENTAL & PHYSICAL
TOLL FROM
STRESSORS
GOALS:
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MENTAL &
PHYYSICAL HEALTH
DANGERS:
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Depression
Nielsen, 2002
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Depression
Nielsen, 2002
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Depression
Nielsen, 2002
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Physical
effects:
obesity
Wall Street Journal (2014)
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CARDIOVASCULAR
RISK
Violanti et al. 2012; Zimmerman, 2012
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sleep
disturbance
Violanti et al., 2012
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cancer
Wirth et al., 2013; Violanti et al., 2012
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cancer
Boni, 2005; Wirth et al., 2013; Violanti et al., 2012
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GAP IN THE
RESEARCH?
Schwarzer, Bowler, & Cone , 2014
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What can be
Helpful
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Coping:
cognitive &
SOCIAL
resources
Graf, 1986; Stephens & Long, 1997; Horan, Bochantin, & Booth-Butterfield, 2012
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Coping:
physical &
SPIRITUAL
resources
Anshel and Kang, 2008; Charles, Trabis, & Smith, 2015
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Impact of Critical IncidentsPresented by: Casey Straud, M.S.
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duties and
Expectations
Violanti (1996)
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critical
Incident?
Moad, 2011
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prevalence
Kulbarsh, 2007
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Prevalence
Martin et al., 2009
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common Critical
Incidents
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common Critical
Incidents
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research
Findings
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pretraumatic
Life
Martin et al., 2009; Perrin et al., 2007
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Response
Haisch and Meyers, 2004
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protective
Factors
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protective
Factors
Yuan et al., 2011
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protective
Factors
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Interventions
Digliani, 2012
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Behavioral Health TrainingPresented by: Bryan Steinkopf, M.S.Contributing Authors: Vera Klinoff, M.S., Kori Hakala, Psy.D., Sarah
Henderson, B.A., & Vincent Van Hasselt, Ph.D.
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Options for
prevention and
intervention
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Why A
Preventative
Approach
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Why Behavioral
Health
Training
Sheehan and Van Hasselt, 2003
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Peers and
Culture
Miller, 2007
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Peer
Responsibility
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Customized for
Police
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History of our
approach
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Feedback From
cops
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Possible
consequences