Hemodynamics Purpose of control mechanisms of blood flow? Maintain homeostasis Purpose of blood flow? Nutrient and waste exchange Blood flow to brain and heart must be maintai Insufficient blood volume to perfuse all tissu simultaneously Blood flow must match metabolic needs of tiss AJ Davidoff
Hemodynamics. Purpose of blood flow?. Maintain homeostasis. Nutrient and waste exchange. Purpose of control mechanisms of blood flow?. Blood flow must match metabolic needs of tissue. Blood flow to brain and heart must be maintained. Insufficient blood volume to perfuse all tissue - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Hemodynamics
Purpose of control mechanisms of blood flow?
Maintain homeostasisPurpose of blood flow?
Nutrient and waste exchange
Blood flow to brain and heart must be maintained
Insufficient blood volume to perfuse all tissuesimultaneously
Blood flow must match metabolic needs of tissue
AJ Davidoff
MAP = CO x TPR
Important to maintainadequate perfusion pressure in order to control blood flow
Sherwood Fig 10-1
HR x SV
MAP = mean arterial pressureTPR = total peripheral resistanceCO = cardiac output
Sherwood
Capillary exchange is the sole purpose of the circulatory system
Blood flow depends on pressure gradients and vascular resistance
Relationship between blood flow, pressure and resistance
Ohm's Law: V = I*R or I = V/R
V = voltage (potential difference)I = currentR = resistance
R = resistance = viscosity of bloodL = length of blood vesselr4 = radius of blood vessel raised to the fourth power
If radius decreases by one half, resistance increases by 16-fold (= 24)!!!
(r4 = area)
Radius profoundly affects blood flow
Sherwood Fig 10-4
R~ 1/r4
Q = P/R
Flow ~ r4
Costanzo Fig 4-5
Q = P/R
Total resistance equals the sum of the individual resistances
Total flow is the same at each level, but pressure decreases progressively
(93 mm Hg) (4 mm Hg)
Why?
Series Resistance
Parallel Resistance
Flow in aorta is equal to the flow in the vena cave (steady state)Flow to each organ is a fraction of the total blood flowTotal resistance is less then any of the individual resistances,therefore no significant loss of arterial pressure to each organ
5 L/min 5 L/min
Needs work
Velocity of Blood Flowv = Q/A
v = velocity of flow (cm/sec)Q = flow (ml/sec)A = cross-sectional area (cm2)Costanzo Fig 4-4
Costanzo Fig 4-3
Total cross sectional area of systemic blood vessels
v = Q/A
Laminar flow and Turbulence
Laminar flow is parabolic, highest velocity in center (least resistance), lowest adjacent to vessel walls
Turbulent flow is disoriented, no longer parabolic, energy wasted, thus more pressure required to drive blood flow.
quiet
noisy
Costanzo Fig 4-6
Ganong Fig 30-8
Turbulence is velocity of blood flowdiameter of blood vessel1/ viscosity of blood
Mohrman and Heller Fig 6-6
Bernouilles Principle (in a single vessel)Total energy = distending pressure (PD) + kinetic energy (KE)
Higher velocity through a constrictionPDKE
Bad for plaque regionsWhy?
Total energy is actually not conserved completely because of heat loss